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Students begin releasing 92 bus drivers held hostage nearly a week

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One of the 60 hijacked buses.
One of the 60 hijacked buses.

Teacher training students in México state today began releasing 92 bus drivers who were held hostage for nearly a week when students hijacked their buses.

The Interior Secretariat (Segob) negotiated an agreement with the students of the San José Tenería school on Tuesday after five days of negotiations. The students hijacked as many as 60 buses last week to attend protests and call attention to their grievances.

Upon reaching an agreement, Segob undersecretary Ricardo Peralta said he was sure that the problem was resolved, but as of early Wednesday morning the students had yet to release any of the drivers.

A representative of a national highway transportation organization denounced the students’ failure to honor the agreement.

“As of now, the drivers still haven’t been released and the situation remains the same,” he said early on Wednesday. “Things haven’t changed, with the distress of the drivers and without knowing what conditions they are in . . . it appears that the authorities are learning how difficult it is to negotiate with criminals.”

But students began freeing buses and their drivers later in the morning and by noon 10 buses had been released.

Undersecretary Peralta lamented that the students had made the decision to “hijack buses and kidnap people as a means of pressuring the government in order to be heard.”

“These are the things we have to change; the young people are surprised to have a negotiating table because they aren’t used to it. They’re used to being received with blows and tear gas, that’s why they utilize these means . . .”

As part of the deal struck with Segob, the students were obliged to release the hostages and cease to occupy highway toll plazas.

For its part, the government promised to pay teachers for backpay still not received and continue to hold monthly talks with students and teachers of the Lázaro Cárdenas Normal School in San José Tenería, among other stipulations.

Most of the stolen buses belong to the Flecha Roja bus line.

Sources: Milenio (sp), El Financiero (sp)

Puebla Congress says no to same-sex marriage, abortion bills

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Puebla Congress: no to abortion, same-sex marriage laws.
Puebla Congress maintains the status quo.

The Puebla state Congress has approved legislation proposed by Governor Miguel Barbosa that maintains criminal penalties for abortion and a ban on same-sex marriage.

After rejecting a bill that would decriminalize abortion with a near-unanimous vote, lawmakers approved another bill to reduce the maximum criminal penalty for women who obtain abortions from five years’ imprisonment to one year.

Another bill passed by the Congress changed some of the language of a law that defines marriage as a union between a man and a woman, but maintains the ban on same-sex marriage.

In practice, same-sex marriage is legal in Puebla because of a 2015 Supreme Court decision which ruled same-sex marriage bans by the states were unconstitutional. However, a court order from a judge is necessary for same-sex couples to get married.

Deputy Rocío García Olmedo, a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), criticized deputies with the Morena party, which controls the governor’s office and a majority in the Congress, for failing to legalize abortion and same-sex marriage.

García had previously introduced legislation that would have legalized same-sex marriage to bring Puebla into compliance with the Supreme Court decision. After the Congress refused to take up her proposal, she said she will file a lawsuit against the ban.

Labor Party Deputy Juan José Espinosa said that he will report Puebla’s Morena deputies to the party’s national office  for their “betrayal” of Morena’s ideals.

“Today, the Fourth Transformation in Puebla made a mistake,” he said. “I remind all of my fellow members of the Juntos Haremos Historia [Together We Make History] coalition who betrayed the trust placed in us, that the people will remember, and the people will punish us.”

The Labor Party was one of the partners in the Morena-led coalition that swept the polls in July last year.

Espinosa added that he fears maintaining a same-sex marriage ban on the books could encourage hate crimes.

Source: Milenio (sp), Proceso (sp)

Mayor dragged through streets with pickup truck for breaking promise

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The mayor is punished for failing to build a road.
The mayor is punished for failing to build a road.

Citizens of a community in Chiapas were unhappy about the mayor’s allegedly unkept promises, and made sure he was aware of it: they tied him up and dragged him through the streets with a pickup truck.

Residents of the indigenous Tojolabal community of Santa Rita Invernadero in the municipality of Las Margaritas kidnapped Mayor Jorge Luis Escandón Hernández’ from the municipal palace on Tuesday. They claim that he had failed to fulfill a campaign promise.

Dozens of campesinos arrived at the palace to complain about the failure to build a road to Santa Rita, which they say the mayor had promised during the campaign. The angry protesters, armed with sticks, clashed with municipal employees, whom they eventually overpowered.

They dragged the mayor out of the building, tied him by the hands with a rope attached to the back of a pickup truck and dragged him for several blocks before he was rescued by state police.

Mayor Escandón suffered scrapes and blunt trauma, while several municipal employees were kidnapped and taken away by the protesters.

State police arrested 11 people in connection with the incident.

In a press conference a few hours after the event, the mayor said those arrested will be charged with kidnapping and attempted kidnapping.

It’s the second time since July that Chiapas citizens have attempted to hold a mayor to account. In July, residents of the municipality of Huixtán dressed their mayor up as a woman.

Source: Animal Político (sp), Infobae (sp)

Forget university entrance exams: work towards better pay instead

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Information technology students at a Mexican trade school.
Information technology students at a Mexican trade school.

Today I watched a new show on Netflix — Tiny House Nation. In the episode that I saw, the parents of a family with three college-age children had decided to sell their big house in favor of a “tiny house” the size of a large trailer.

Part of the driver of this decision was to be able to pay for their last child’s college education.

I love these kinds of shows. Decorating and organizing physical spaces is a passion of mine, and I’m liable to binge watch them all day if left unattended.

This one did not disappoint: every piece of furniture was also a drawer for something (brilliant!), and sleek, evolved versions of the Murphy Bed — something I’ve always wanted but have never needed — seemed to fold down from every wall so that the kids could stay with them when they visited.

It was an admirable and loving sacrifice the parents made, but I can’t help but notice that its “feel-good” vibe is overshadowed by what, to me, is a sinister and shocking circumstance: the fact that a college education in the United States costs literally as much as a house.

If it weren’t for a rich great uncle that never had children, I would likely not have gone to college at all. I’m sure I might have done a couple of years at a community college, but my grades weren’t quite excellent enough nor my immediate family quite poor enough to qualify for “full ride”-type financial aid or scholarships.

As it was, I was able to attend a good private university, which of course has led me down a winding road to where I am now.

It’s no secret that I’m a pretty big fan of President López Obrador, but when he suggested recently that universities here in Mexico should do away with entrance exams, I cocked my head in confused incredulity.

While I agree with him that there should certainly be enough space in free(-ish) public universities so that the students who qualify and wish to go can attend, it’s hard for me to understand how professors could teach to and accommodate such a wide array of student levels in the same class.

Of course, students would have to pass their high school courses, though it’s hard to say that even that would be enough preparation.

Also, though this might not be a popular opinion: not everyone is cut out for university study, and that’s OK. There are many important jobs that do not require a university degree, and still others that do require it, but shouldn’t; for many, a few courses followed by a longish apprenticeship will do.

Mexico does indeed have a system for students to learn trades that don’t require university education, and it’s something I wish we could see more of in the U.S., as well. Unfortunately, many see these trade schools and programs as less prestigious, and even more unfortunately, the jobs that are found after graduation are often not well-paid.

At the root of AMLO’s opposition to admissions exams seems to be the belief that only those who go to college get “good” jobs that pay a decent salary, and to a large extent, that’s true. To me, this is the real scandal. There are many jobs that desperately need to get done, but are paid as if they hardly had any value at all.

The workers who collect our trash provide an invaluable service. So do the (mostly) women who care for our little ones in nurseries and daycares. When we go to the market or the store, we need people to help us find things and check out. We need city workers to keep the roads and public spaces clean and functional. Let’s stop seeing people’s jobs as less important because “anyone could do that.”

Perhaps anyone could, but not everyone would, and indeed, everyone is not.

The fact that a reasonable standard of living can’t be expected by someone who works hard is the real sin of “neoliberalism.” If students want to further their education because they are interested in certain fields that require a lot of study, perfect. But let’s stop assuming that only people who have gone to college have value as workers.

After all, this is how capitalism works: even if everyone in the society tried equally hard and had an equal degree of natural talent, society would still be stratified. Not everyone can be an engineer, and if everyone decided to be, it would of course be a disaster.

(I’m reminded here of an experiment described in the novel Brave New World, in which they created a batch of genius “alpha”  humans and sent them to live in an isolated area together. As you might guess, it collapsed right away because everyone thought they were too smart to do the “drudge” work.)

Energy spent criticizing college entrance exams, I believe, could be better spent promoting and supporting trade schools and programs. We could likewise spend our energy thinking about how to make sure that the workers of “the jobs anyone can do” are paid as if their jobs were important, because they are. No one who works hard — no matter the area —  should be living in poverty, period.

In my family, going to college was a given; deciding not to didn’t even enter my mind as a possibility, and my high school career was in preparation for that level of study. As an adult, I often wonder what would have happened if  instead I’d asked my uncle to teach me how to invest the money and buy homes to rent out like he did. I could have used a bit to take some carpentry classes, something I’ve always been interested in.

I didn’t know there were other options.

Let’s educate our current young people about the options that they do have, and help them to build, with us, a society that values all of its members, no matter what education level or job they have.

Sarah DeVries writes from her home in Xalapa, Veracruz.

At 3%, September inflation lowest in three years

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Onions were among products whose prices were down in September.
Onions were among products whose prices were down in September.

Inflation reached a three-year low of 3% in September, a figure exactly in line with the central bank’s target.

The national statistics agency Inegi reported on Wednesday that consumer prices rose 0.26% in September to bring the annual inflation rate to 3%, the lowest rate since September 2016.

The rate is within the Bank of México’s target range of 3% give or take a percentage point for the fourth consecutive month. The annual rate recorded last month is in line with the forecasts of analysts consulted by the news agency Bloomberg.

The downward trajectory of the annual inflation rate to convergence with the Bank of México target was in large part due to the behavior of the non-core inflation index, which monitors products whose prices are most susceptible to fluctuations.

The non-core index recorded a 0.7% increase in the 12 months to September, the lowest variation on record. A 3.1% annual decline in energy prices was a key factor in keeping the index down.

The core index, which strips out products whose prices are highly volatile, recorded an annual increase of 3.8% in September, a figure that hasn’t changed in the past five months.

Helping keep month-over-month inflation low were reductions in prices between August and September for professional services, onions, avocados, bananas and air travel. However, prices for tomatoes, pre-school and primary school education, eggs and cars all went up.

The three-year inflation low increases the likelihood that the Bank of México will further reduce interest rates this year. The bank made quarter-point cuts in both August and September, citing low inflation and weak economic growth.

“. . . We think that the key rate will be cut by 25 basis points in both November and in December, taking it to 7.25% by the end of the year,” John Ashbourne, senior emerging markets analyst at Capital Economics in London, said in a note to clients.

Source: El Financiero (sp) 

Tamaulipas mayor wants taco, corn vendors to pay income tax

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Reynosa Mayor Ortiz: tax informal economy.
Reynosa Mayor Ortiz: tax informal economy.

The mayor of Reynosa, Tamaulipas, wants federal lawmakers to impose a tax on vendors of tacos, corn and other products sold in the informal economy.

Maki Ortiz, a former federal deputy, said that owners of food stands making less than 2 million pesos (US $100,000) a year should be required to pay 5% income tax.

In testimony before the Chamber of Deputies Treasury Commission, she said such a tax would generate “wealth for everyone.”

“No one knows informal commerce like we do,” she said. “We’ve done a census of taco vendors, corn vendors, all those people who don’t pay taxes.”

Ortiz joined other mayors in complaining that municipalities have been receiving fewer resources from the federal government, and proposed that such a tax on the informal economy could be a way to provide additional income for municipal governments.

The mayor also urged legislation requiring that migrants support themselves after being in the country for a certain amount of time because funding to support migrants was cut by the Chamber of Deputies.

“We support them, but they should work, because it costs between 300 and 500 pesos per day for food, medicine, light and water,” she said. “Today, in a shelter, we have a thousand people, including 400 Cubans, 300 Central Americans, over a hundred from other countries and only 12 Mexicans. Mexicans aren’t crossing the border, but we have to take care of all of them.”

She added that the municipality has 30,000 jobs available for migrants, but that many aren’t interested in working.

Source: El Universal (sp)

Judge’s decision is reversal for Santa Lucía airport opponents

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Artist's conception of Santa Lucía airport.
Artist's conception of Santa Lucía airport.

A federal judge has overturned one of eight suspension orders against the Santa Lucía airport, providing a ray of hope for the government that construction of the project could soon begin.

The ruling by a Mexico City-based administrative court judge came in response to an application filed by the National Secretariat of Defense (Sedena) for the revocation of the injunction.

The overturned court order is one of eight granted to the #NoMásDerroches (No More Waste) Collective, a group that believes that reviving the previous government’s abandoned Mexico City airport project is “legally possible.”

Sedena, which has responsibility for the execution of the US $4.8-billion airport project, argued for its repeal on the basis that halting construction at the Santa Lucía Air Force base site could place national security at risk.

That argument was supported by the classification on August 29 of all the defense department’s movable and immovable property, including the airport project, as strategic installations.

“The request for the modification or revocation of the definitive suspension is lawful and well-founded,” the judge said in the ruling, which was made public on Tuesday.

“. . . The definitive suspension granted is revoked.”

The newspaper El Universal said that even though seven other suspension orders against the airport remain valid, the judge could repeat his judgement and revoke them as well.

The #NoMásDerroches collective has filed more than 100 injunction requests against the Santa Lucía airport, which President López Obrador says will be completed in a period of three years once construction begins.

Opposition to the project is politically motivated and amounts to “legal sabotage,” he argues.

López Obrador said on Monday that the government is ready to begin construction as soon as all the injunctions against it have been annulled.

“We’re ready, we have the whole project [ready to go], the machinery. I just hope that the injunctions don’t proceed . . . We’re literally on our way to waving the starting flag,” he said.

Source: El Universal (sp), Notimex (sp) 

Magazine’s readers name Mérida world’s best small city

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The colonial architecture was one of Mérida's highlights for magazine readers.
The colonial architecture was one of Mérida's highlights for magazine readers.

The capital of Yucatán, Mexico’s safest state, is the recipient of yet more international recognition: Mérida has been named the world’s best small city by the Condé Nast Traveler Readers’ Choice Awards.

The city’s natural and cultural attractions, the warmth of its people, the quality of its gastronomy and high level of public security added up to make it the top choice among magazine readers.

In making the No. 1 spot, Mérida beat out Dresden, Germany; Québec; Salzburg, Austria; Puerto Vallarta; Bergen, Norway; Florence, Italy; Puebla; Monte Carlo, Monaco; and Cologne, Germany.

The award is another in a long list of recognitions and achievements recently earned by Yucatán’s cosmopolitan capital. In 2018, Mérida topped the United Nations (UN) City Prosperity Index for Mexico, which rates quality of life. This summer, it was Mexico’s third fastest-growing destination for summer vacations.

In early September, Ceoworld magazine named Mérida North America’s second safest city, and later that month it hosted the 17th World Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates.

Previous winners of the Condé Nast award are Istanbul, Turkey; Florence, Italy; Tokyo; and San Miguel de Allende.

“We are very happy to see Yucatán continue to position itself both inside and outside of Mexico,” said Governor Vila Dosal. “This recognition is another result of the publicity strategies we have carried out with the help of various sectors . . . Without a doubt, we trust that together we can make Yucatán the best destination in Mexico and the world.”

One of the elements that played a role in its selection as best city was being an entrance point to the state of Yucatán and the tourist regions of the Yucatán Riviera, the Costa Maya, Pucc and the Mundo Maya.

The city itself is renowned for its colonial architecture, museums, art galleries, theaters, open-air cafes, bars, traditional clothing vendors, parks, hotels and wide range of restaurants.

Other winners in Mexico were the Rosewood in San Miguel De Allende, named best hotel in Mexico, and Esperanza, an Auberge Resort in Cabo San Lucas, named the country’s best resort.

Source: Milenio (sp)

Guerrero town imposes curfew in preparation for a new cartel invasion

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Community police patrol in Apaxtla.
Community police patrol in Apaxtla.

Residents of Apaxtla de Castrejón, Guerrero, took up arms three years ago and succeeded in expelling the Familia Michoacana cartel from their town. But now there’s a new gang threatening to muscle in.

Fearing an invasion by Mexico’s most powerful criminal organization, community police are guarding all entry points to the town and have imposed an 11:00pm curfew.

The implementation of the beefed-up security measures in Apaxtla, a small town and municipal seat located just outside the notoriously violent Tierra Caliente region of Guerrero, follows reports by shopkeepers, farmers and other residents that they have received extortion, kidnapping and even death threats in recent days from members of the Jalisco New Generation Cartel.

“We have a border with Tierra Caliente, with the municipality of Arcelia, the Familia Michoacana rules there but now the Jalisco New Generation Cartel has also arrived and they’re threatening to come to invade us, to subjugate us,” Heliodoro Ocampo, a member of the Apaxtla community police, told the newspaper Milenio.

“[But] we’re not willing [to allow that to happen],” he added.

“And not just [an invasion] by them, by any cartel, whatever its name is; the Guerreros Unidos, the Familia Michoacana, the Jalisco Cartel . . . they’re not going to reach our town because our town is fortified, all the entries and exits are guarded and we won’t allow them to come to try to control us.”

Milenio witnessed the determination of the community police to keep their town safe first hand: a reporter from the newspaper accompanied about 100 of its heavily-armed members as they carried out a late-night patrol last weekend.

During the patrol, Ocampo explained how the curfew will work.

“Here in the town we all know each other, we all know who we are . . . If we see a young couple [outside] at a time they shouldn’t be, they’ll be asked to go to their homes, the patrol vehicle will go by . . . warning that the curfew is already in effect . . .” he said.

“If on the way back, we see that they’re still there we’ll put them before the municipal authorities,” Ocampo added, explaining that fines of up to 500 pesos (US $25) will be issued to those who fail to observe community police instructions to go home.

“We’re going to be measured, it’s not about harming anyone, it’s about getting to the heart of what’s happening in our town and remedying it,” he said.

Citizens are determined to repel the Jalisco cartel.
Citizens are determined to repel the Jalisco cartel.

The community police said the curfew will continue for the next six months. In addition to making it easier to identify outsiders who may pose a threat to security, the measure also seeks to combat drug dealing and prostitution, they said.

In the neighboring municipality of Teloloapan, which is within Tierra Caliente boundaries, members of another self-defense force told Milenio that achieving peace without the intervention of state or federal authorities is possible.

“We can assure neighboring towns that it’s calm here. As citizens, we now enjoy and live in peace, which is very different from other times. Five, eight or 10 years ago we lived with terror, with worry, that one day you’d be abducted or . . . your child would be taken . . . Unlike a few years ago, today we live in peace, the peace that what we’ve always sought,” said a commander of the Teloloapan force who spoke on the condition of anonymity.

Despite the success they have achieved, he explained that the autodefensas would prefer to lay down their weapons and allow federal authorities, such as the newly-formed National Guard or the military, to take over security duties.

“. . . I believe that their work and our responsibility is the same: to safeguard the physical safety of our citizens . . . It would be good for them to approach us . . . to speak to us, the doors of the town are open, this is their humble home as well.”

Source: Milenio (sp) 

Water rationing in 12 states; drought causing low levels at many dams

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Las Peñitas dam in Chiapas
Las Peñitas dam in Chiapas is among those where water levels are down.

Water is currently being rationed in 12 states due to drought and the resulting low water levels in many of the nation’s biggest dams.

According to a report by the National Water Commission (Conagua), water supply to Mexico City has been reduced from 10,000 liters per second to 9,000 liters because the reservoirs that feed the Cutzamala system are only at 75% of capacity.

In México state, water rationing is in effect in 13 municipalities, while in Tabasco restrictions apply to the amount of water that can be extracted from the Peñitas dam in Chiapas, which has caused shortages in the Tabasco state capital, Villahermosa.

The quantity of water available for irrigation purposes has been reduced in each of Baja California, San Luis Potosí, Nuevo León and Tamaulipas, while general water supply has been limited in parts of Oaxaca, Veracruz, Hidalgo, Querétaro and Chiapas.

Decisions to ration water are taken by state-based councils of Conagua, which reported in September that 66.6% of the country was experiencing drought of varying degrees of severity at the end of August.

Twenty-one of Mexico’s biggest dams were below 50% capacity at the end of September, while 65 others were between 50% and 75% full.

Water experts told the newspaper Reforma that the implementation of water rationing measures in 12 states shows that many parts of the country are not adequately prepared to cope with drought conditions that are expected to worsen in the coming years as a consequence of climate change.

Óscar Monroy Hermosillo, a professor and researcher at the Metropolitan Autonomous University, said it was urgent for municipal and state governments to draw up plans for the development of rainwater harvesting systems and the construction of new reservoirs.

“Our objective has to be to capture rainwater in the entire republic,” he said.

“. . . If we’re not prepared to take advantage of rain when it comes, we’ll constantly be losing it and we can’t think that we’re always going to be able to live from the aquifers or bring water from other catchment areas; that model is already reaching its limit,” Monroy added.

The academic also said that water has to be managed on a local level rather than by state authorities.

Raúl Pacheco, a water management expert at the Mexico City research university CIDE, said that climate change will cause periods of drought to lengthen and that Mexico’s cities have to adapt to that reality.

“It’s important for cities to adapt to the lack of water and to do that they need a plan . . . They must invest money and there must be coordination between environmental agencies and those working on climate change . . .” he said.

“There must be coordination agreements between cities and states in order to have a solid water adaption plan,” Pacheco added.

Elena Burns, a coordinator at the National Autonomous University Sustainability Center, said that Conagua needs to review the concessions that allow large companies to use large quantities of water.

“For example, in the Valley of Mexico, the Modelo brewery and PepsiCo have concessions for large volumes of water and on the other hand, we have zones in the urban area that [only] have water once or twice a week,” she said.

Source: Reforma (sp)