Sunday, May 18, 2025

On the migrants’ trail: a week with a caravan in Chiapas

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A family poses in their makeshift beds for the night in Arriaga.
A migrant family poses in their makeshift beds in Arriaga, Chiapas.

As a single, female photographer the thought of joining thousands of migrants from the most dangerous countries in Latin America was intimidating. I knew of Honduras’ reputation and seen its murder statistics.

But news about the caravan was patchy at best. It covered issues such as the storming of the border between Mexico and Guatemala. What was not being covered was the day to day reality of the journey.

So I decided to fly down to Tapachula, Chiapas, to see for myself. My intention was to spend a couple of days with it, but in the end I stayed for a week as it traveled from Tapachula to Arriaga, also in Chiapas.

I caught up with the migrants in Huixtla at 5:00am on October 23, arriving at a street cordoned off by yellow police tape. It was one of the side streets that led to the main square, approximately 150 meters from the center of town, and I saw dozens of migrants sleeping or beginning to wake up.

What I didn’t know at that point was that I wasn’t in the center of the group, but only on the outskirts. People had grouped together to find safety in numbers.

I spoke to a woman and her husband who were traveling with her four children, her brother, her niece and nephew. Her niece was four months’ pregnant and hungry. I had recently worked with clinicians in the mountains of Guatemala who told me that children are living in such extreme poverty that it is affecting the development of their brains.

While most people in the caravan later told me that they were well fed thanks to the donations of Mexican municipalities, I worried about the girl based on what the clinicians had told me.

I walked down the street towards the main square of Huixtla as the morning sun was beginning to rise above the buildings. Down one of the streets appeared to be groups of mostly men, and I began to feel intimidated. And then people began calling me to have their photographs taken, ask me where I was from, or why I was there.

The more I talked to them, the less intimidated I felt. The reality was that I was talking to young, driven people who were desperate for a better way of life.

Hearing their stories was shocking but it was nothing compared to watching them trudge as a unified group to the next town — Mapastapec. They walked four or five abreast and in a line of people that was many kilometers long. The photographs in the media had attempted to show the size of the group, but the reality was overwhelming.

I asked my driver to stop to let some people on to the back of our truck and within seconds it had filled with travelers, including children as young as three. With men hanging off the sides, and the truck looking dangerously overloaded, we set off.

[soliloquy id=”64350″]photos by Alex Harrison-Cripps

I saw vehicles of all shapes and sizes stopping to help carry people between the towns, with dozens of people piled precariously on top. The younger men would take the more dangerous positions at the back of vehicle, standing on nothing but a small wooden slat or a rear bumper between them and the highway.

Police occasionally stopped dangerously overloaded vehicles, but an officer confirmed that their role was not to impede the caravan but to assist in ensuring its safe passage. A Red Cross volunteer told me that the police at the back of the caravan were flagging down vehicles to assist migrants struggling with the day’s journey.

Meanwhile, at the side of the road Mexicans cheered and held signs welcoming the migrants, and set up stands offering water, clothes, food, diapers, sanitary towels and disposable underwear.

On the night of Thursday, October 25 we arrived in the town of Pijijiapan where a DJ played music from the balcony of a local municipal building, providing a festival vibe. Two couples began to dance and hundreds of others surrounded them in two circular audiences.

At around 10:00pm I found myself being pushed into the middle of one of the circles, which consisted almost entirely of young men. The cheering started and I began to feel vulnerable and very aware of being a lone female. The fear was unwarranted. The group wanted me to photograph the dancers and ultimately to join in.

Before long I was the one dancing with a young man who seemed more embarrassed than I was, while the people surrounding me cheered and laughed.

Despite the incredible hardship that these people have left and are continuing to endure in the caravan, without exception everyone I met was polite, funny and interesting. It’s not possible to predict how all this will end, but any state should be lucky to consider such hardworking, driven and resourceful people as its citizens.

The writer is a British photographer currently living and traveling in Mexico.

Jalisco installing logistical hub in Honduras for Latin American exports

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Electronics are an important export product for Jalisco.
Electronics are an important export product for Jalisco.

A group of exporters from Jalisco plan to establish a logistical hub in Honduras to help drive expansion into the Central American and South American markets.

The hub will be installed at Puerto Cortés, a port city on the Caribbean coast located 50 kilometers north of San Pedro Sula.

“We changed [the location of] the hub because Panama, where it was initially going to be set up, is renovating the Puerto Colón Free Trade Zone and Puerto Cortés offered us what we needed,” said Miguel Ángel Landeros, president of the western branch of the Mexican Foreign Trade Council (Comce).

“It’s a very modern port that’s practically in the middle of Central America. That’s where we’ll start operating,” he added.

Landeros said there are currently 19 Jalisco companies involved in the Comce-backed hub project who are seeking to tap into the southern markets.

The logistical hub will mainly benefit small and medium-sized Jalisco companies, giving them a warehouse that will allow them to ship their products more quickly and efficiently to different parts of the region.

According to Comce statistics, the seven Central American countries import products from the United States with a value of US $50 million per year.

By having a logistical hub in Honduras, the Jalisco companies hope to take some of that market for themselves.

Mexico currently lags well behind the U.S. in terms of exports to Central America.

For example, Honduras buys US $9 billion worth of products from the latter annually compared to just $US600 million from Mexico.

As part of their expansion into Central America, some of the Jalisco companies are also interested in setting up new production plants there.

The companies are planning to carry out trade missions to several Central American countries next year to strengthen their relations in the region and ensure that the hub project is a success.

Landeros said that in the first eight months of 2018, the value of all Jalisco’s exports was just under US $35.5 billion and the expectation is that the year will end with similar figures to last year when exports totaled US $48.4 billion.

For comparison, that figure puts it on a par with the states of Florida or Ohio, whose exports are worth only slightly more than those of Jalisco.

The Central American expansion is expected to help grow Jalisco’s export economy, which is made up of companies in 19 different sectors including agriculture, food and beverages, technology, auto parts, furniture and jewelry.

“Expectations for next year are very good because we will continue to broaden our [trade] links with other international markets,” Landeros said.

Source: El Economista (sp) 

Quintana Roo needs more airport slots in Mexico City for Cozumel, Chetumal

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The airport at Chetumal, Quintana Roo
The airport at Chetumal, Quintana Roo, where passenger numbers were up 20% in the first nine months of this year.

Quintana Roo airports need more slots at the Mexico City airport to ensure that flights to the Caribbean coast state meet demand, the state’s tourism secretary says.

Marisol Vanegas Pérez said that the Cozumel and Chetumal airports require three to five slots from Mexico City to guarantee adequate connectivity.

Saturation of runways at the capital’s Benito Juárez Airport has prevented the addition of new routes to the two Quintana Roo destinations, she said.

“For us, a new airport in Mexico City is a good idea so that more slots to destinations in Quintana Roo are created. Cancún has a lot of flights because it’s highly profitable for airlines but we have two international airports that can’t receive [additional] flights from Mexico City because there are no slots available . . . What Quintana Roo needs are slots, so that the whole state benefits,” Vanegas said.

She questioned the democratic process of the recent consultation on the future of the new Mexico City International Airport, in which people voted overwhelmingly in favor of converting the Santa Lucía Air Force Base instead of continuing with the current project.

For his part, Quintana Roo Governor Carlos Joaquín González said he anticipates a lot of controversy about the cancellation of the airport project because it is still unclear what will happen to money already invested in the project.

“I think it’s a complicated decision, I don’t know if it has been taken definitively. I know that the [airport] poll put us in this situation but I don’t know how it’s going to end up . . . Obviously, there will be a huge controversy about it. What will happen with the resources already invested? Will some of them be recovered?”

The governor also reiterated Vanegas’s position on the need for additional airport slots in Mexico City for Quintana Roo-bound flights.

“It’s very important for us that the Mexico City airport works, that there are more spaces that allow us to have a greater number of flights to Cozumel and Chetumal, for example . . .” Joaquín said.

“What we want the most is to have a very functional airport that allows us to have the possibilities that Quintana Roo deserves.”

Businesss leaders in the state reacted negatively to the decision by incoming president López Obrador to cancel the airport project. The state vice-president of the Business Coordinating Council observed that the Santa Lucía base is “very far” from Mexico City and predicted consequences for international connections.

Miguel Ángel Lemus Mateos also said that for tourism “it’s a disaster.”

Source: El Economista (sp), Expansión (sp)

Avocado growers protest corruption that allows non-Michoacán fruit into the state

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avocados
Are they Michoacán avocados or knockoffs?

More than 1,000 Michoacán avocado growers set up checkpoints on highways in 11 municipalities yesterday to stop avocados from other parts of Mexico coming in to the state to be exported later to the United States under their exclusive export agreement.

José Luis Mata, representative for a Michoacán avocado growers’ association, told the newspaper El Universal that 70% of avocado orchards are currently on strike due to corruption that allows avocados to enter the state and be shipped to the U.S. market posing as aguacates michoacanos.

Michoacán growers are the only ones in the country who are included in the United States Department of Agriculture certified export program, he said.

Mata said the work stoppage would continue indefinitely until authorities take action to stop the entry of outside avocados.

If the strike continues, a shortage of the fruit is likely to follow, causing prices to increase in both domestic and international markets.

Mata said the practice of sending avocados from other parts of the country into Michoacán to be passed off as a locally-grown product was driving down the cost of the genuine fruit.

Before the imposters were first detected two months ago, trading companies paid producers up to 60 pesos (US $3) per kilo of certified Michoacán avocados but now the best price they get is 20 pesos (US $1), which in turn leads to economic losses and employee layoffs.

The United States is by far the largest export market for Mexican avocados but producers are also increasingly looking to other markets such as China, where sales of the alligator pear are skyrocketing.

Source: El Universal (sp) 

Communal landowners mount new protest at Guadalajara airport

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Protesters carry a banner calling for payment of money owed to communal landowners.
Protesters carry a banner calling for payment of money owed to communal landowners.

The ongoing dispute between communal landowners and the federal government over the airport at Guadalajara, Jalisco, has flared up again.

Since last Friday, protesters from the ejido of El Zapote have occupied the airport parking area, allowing vehicles to enter at no charge. They claim they are the legitimate owners of the land on which the airport sits.

They are seeking what they call a fair payment by the federal government for the 307 hectares it expropriated from them in 1950.

Spokesperson Nicolás Vega accused the government of not having “the will to solve the issue and abide by the law.” A court ruled in favor of the landowners in 2016 and ordered the federal government to pay nearly 4 billion pesos ($214.4 million at the time). The federal Secretariat of Communications and Transportation (SCT) claims it has already paid in full its debt with the people of El Zapote.

The decades-long conflict has delayed the development of the Guadalajara airport, including the construction of a second runway.

The president of the Western Mexican Council for Foreign Trade lamented the current federal administration’s “lack of political will” to solve the conflict, an issue now in the hands of the next administration.

Miguel Ángel Landeros Volquarts urged the new government to resolve the issue to permit building the new runway.

Business leaders warned last week that the airport faces the possibility of gridlock if expansion doesn’t happen soon. “The airport no longer has the capacity to meet all the demand we have,” said one.

Source: El Economista (sp)

Santa Lucía airport option threatens water supply: environmentalists

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Santa Lucía air force base: water issues here too.
Santa Lucía air force base: water issues here too.

The people may have spoken in favor of relocating the new Mexico City airport to a military air base, but some environmentalists are not so keen and are urging last week’s airport consultation be repeated.

Representatives of two non-governmental organizations have expressed concern that locating two new runways at the air force base in Santa Lucía, México state, might lead to water supply problems.

The coordinator of the Zeferino Ladrillero Center for Human Rights warns that if the project is not carried out in a sustainable manner, water shortages will threaten the northern area of México state and Mexico City and potentially leave thousands of people without water.

José Antonio Lara Duque also said the original location for the new airport, in Texcoco, poses the same challenges.

Ricardo Obando of Water for All, Water for Life drew from official reports by the National Water Commission to point out that the four most important aquifers in the Valley of Mexico watershed — Texcoco, Mexico City, Chalco-Amecameca and Cuautitlán-Pachuca — are over-exploited.

“. . . over-exploitation is over 800% in Texcoco, while in Pachuca it is 500%.”

He also declared that his organization will demand that the new federal government re-do the public consultation on the new airport because the process “should be informed and free. If it is not done that way, we are going to oppose [the Santa Lucía runways].”

Source: El Financiero (sp)

Second caravan of about 2,000 migrants enters Mexico, heads north

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A migrant clings to the back of a truck in southern Mexico.
A migrant clings to the back of a truck in southern Mexico. alex harrison-cripps

A second migrant caravan made up of as many as 2,000 Central Americans entered Mexico yesterday and began the long march towards the United States border.

The migrants, including many women and children, crossed the Suchiate river, which divides Guatemala from the southern state of Chiapas, and defied a heavy Federal Police presence.

As they waded across the murky river, a police helicopter hovered overhead, creating a strong downwash that made crossing difficult and dangerous.

A 25-year-old Honduran man was swept away by the current and was pulled unconscious from the river before being revived by CPR administered by Federal Police and marines.

Once the migrants reached the Mexican side of the border, they were surrounded by police and immigration agents.

National Immigration Institute (INM) commissioner Gerardo Elías García told them they wouldn’t be detained but had to go to immigration offices to formally register their entry into Mexican territory.

To avoid the possibility of another clash similar to the one on Sunday that left one Honduran man dead, Mexican officials allowed the migrants to leave the immigration office at around 2:00pm to start their journey on foot towards the city of Tapachula, about 40 kilometers away.

The interior secretary said in a statement yesterday that two Honduran men were arrested after one of them attempted to shoot at Federal Police in the town of Ignacio Zaragoza, near the border crossing.

However, the gun failed to fire and no agents were injured, the statement said.

With regard to the death of 26-year-old Henry Díaz Reyes, the Honduran government issued a statement yesterday calling for an investigation into what happened amid differing versions of events from the migrants and Mexican authorities.

“As a government, we reject any form of criminalization and violence against migrants and we request that the incident be investigated,” the Honduran foreign department said.

According to the migrants, Díaz was shot in the head by Federal Police with a rubber bullet as they launched an assault on a border barrier that prevented them from entering Mexico.

However, Interior Secretary Alfonso Navarrete Prida said Sunday that police deployed to the border area didn’t have firearms or any weapons that could fire rubber bullets.

The migrants, however, did have weapons, including guns and molotov cocktails, Navarrete charged.

Meanwhile, representatives of the first caravan of migrants, currently in Oaxaca, yesterday demanded “safe and dignified” transport to Mexico City for its 4,000 exhausted members fleeing poverty and violence in their homelands.

Residents of Zanatepec, Oaxaca, organized vehicles to transport the migrants to Santiago Niltepec yesterday but the federal government has not shown any inclination to assist the caravan with their transit through Mexico.

Instead, the government announced an assistance program offering shelter, medical attention, schooling and jobs to the Central American migrants but only if they remained in either Chiapas or Oaxaca.

Migrant advocacy group Pueblos Sin Fronteras (People Without Borders) has said that it hopes to meet with federal lawmakers and authorities in Mexico City as well as members of the incoming government to discuss migrant rights and the future of the caravan.

Today, the first caravan planned to walk to Juchitán, the commercial hub of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec region.

Many migrants remain determined to reach the Mexico-United States border where they intend to apply for asylum despite U.S. President Trump’s threats to stop them at the border.

However, an increasing number of exhausted migrants are becoming disheartened by the long distance still left to travel and appear likely to return home or seek to stay in Mexico.

Hasiel Isamar Hernandez, a 28-year-old mother of three, told the Associated Press that when she heard from her husband that her three-year-old daughter back home had stopped eating because she missed her mother, she knew it was time to turn around.

“Of the friends that I have been with, all want to go back,” she added.

While some migrants have already returned to their country of origin and more look set to do so, others are only in the early stages of their journey.

El Salvador’s immigration agency said that a group of Salvadoran migrants including children and adolescents that entered Guatemala Sunday numbered around 500.

Source: El Universal (sp), Fox News (en), Associated Press (en)  

Business slams airport decision: ‘Mickey Mouse consultation, violation of rule of law’

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mexico city airport
What to do with a partially-built airport?

Killing the new Mexico City International Airport (NAICM) would be “the biggest waste of public resources in the history of the country.”

The assessment by Mexican Employers Federation (Coparmex) president Gustavo de Hoyos was one of a chorus of criticisms from the private sector following the incoming government’s confirmation yesterday that the US $15-billion project will be cancelled.

De Hoyos also described the public vote on the future of the airport, which concluded Sunday, as a “Mickey Mouse consultation” and a “fragrant violation of the rule of law.”

President-elect López Obrador said the new government will respect the will of the people — who voted overwhelmingly in favor of converting an air force base and upgrading the existing airport and that in Toluca — and cancel the current project.

That move, de Hoyos said, will taint López Obrador’s entire administration, much as the so-called Casa Blanca (White House) corruption scandal tainted the presidency of Enrique Peña Nieto.

“I believe that all Mexicans are deeply worried about this irrational decision. It’s going to cost us 290 billion pesos [US $14.5 billion]. If that comes true, it will be the biggest waste of public resources in the history of this country,” the business leader told the broadcaster Televisa.

De Hoyos charged that the 121 billion pesos (US $6 billion) the new government will be required to pay in compensation exceeds the amount earmarked for any other single government project or program.

“It’s more than the 114 billion pesos the Maya Train is going to cost . . . more than moving the 31 federal secretariats, more than the 118 billion pesos that the “Youths building the future” [apprenticeship scheme] will cost,” he said.

De Hoyos challenged López Obrador to carry out a “truly representative survey” on the airport, which he called the most important public infrastructure project currently under construction in Latin America.

In a separate interview, de Hoyos told the newspaper El Financiero that the private sector will “begin to analyze the different legal scenarios in order to determine if the [cancellation] decision can be legally challenged.”

He also said the decision went against López Obrador’s pledge to “not lie, not betray and not steal.”

Coparmex chief de Hoyos Walther.
Coparmex chief Gustavo de Hoyos.

“. . . First, he told us that the project could be finished with private funds and today he has changed that decision,” de Hoyos said.

“. . . The squandering of public resources already invested in Texcoco is theft from the wealth of all Mexicans.”

Juan Pablo Castañón, president of the Business Coordinating Council (CCE), also described the cancellation of the project as a waste of public resources although his assessment of the damage was a more modest 100 billion to 150 billion pesos (US $5 billion to $7.5 billion).

However, he added that the biggest costs would come from a loss of confidence and certainty in the national economy.

“The transitional government, once it’s the government, will have to clarify how the [airport] contracts . . . will be settled,” he said.

Castañón explained that the contracts for the current project are not exchangeable, meaning that the López Obrador-led government will have to carry out a new tendering process for work at the Santa Lucía Air Force Base, where two new runways are slated to be built.

Incoming transportation secretary Javier Jiménez Espriú said yesterday that the new government will hold talks with the current administration, contractors and other key stakeholders in order to determine the best path forward with regard to canceling the current project.

Alejandro Ramírez, president of the powerful Mexican Business Council, said Mexico is losing the opportunity to have “a true air hub,” while Mónica Flores of the American Chamber of Commerce of Mexico said that the opportunity to generate a large number of jobs had been lost.

Attention is now turning to what will happen to the new airport site, which is located on an ancient lake bed in the municipality of Texcoco, México state.

Federico Patiño, general manager of the group developing the new airport, said the site will have to be rehabilitated but it is not the group’s responsibility to do so.

Jiménez Espriú said that the incoming government will collaborate with federal, México state and Mexico City authorities and meet with experts and citizens’ groups to determine the fate of the site.

Although authorities said that the new airport would be one of the most sustainable in the world, its impact on the environment has been denounced by a range of organizations.

Source: Milenio (sp), El Financiero (sp) 

Pueblos Mágicos: they might be magical but many are poor all the same

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Arteaga, Coahuila, saw the biggest increase in poverty levels.
Arteaga, Coahuila, saw the biggest increase in poverty levels.

Inclusion in Mexico’s Pueblos Mágicos program is supposed to help improve a town’s economy by boosting tourism, attracting investment and generating jobs.

But not all towns designated as magical have seen the benefits that are expected to follow. In fact, some of them have become poorer.

During 2012, the final year of former president Felipe Calderón’s six-year administration, 34 new magical towns were named, more than in any other year.

In the following years, poverty levels declined in 23 of them but poverty increased in 11, statistics from the social development agency Coneval show.

The biggest increase in poverty occurred in Arteaga, Coahuila, where the proportion of the population considered impoverished grew from just over 25% in 2010 to 41% in 2015.

Poverty also increased in Jiquilpan, Michoacán, known as the city of jacarandas, where the percentage of residents living in poverty increased from 46% to 53% in the same five-year period despite the magical designation.

Metepec, México state, saw the third highest increase in poverty between 2010 and 2015, with rates increasing from 25% of the population to 31.6%.

Other towns where poverty increased after receiving the sought-after magical moniker in 2012 are Yuriria, Guanajuato; Batopilas, Chihuahua; Loreto, Baja California Sur; Angangueo and Tacámbaro, both in Michoacán; and Cholula, Chignahuapan and Pahuatlán, all of which are in Puebla.

Francisco Madrid, director of the faculty of tourism at Anáhuac University, told the newspaper El Universal that at the end of Calderón’s administration a lot of towns were included in the Pueblos Mágicos program despite not meeting the inclusion requirements.

They include having a municipal tourism department and the implementation of a tourism development plan. Each town receives 5.2 million pesos (US $260,000) in federal funding on an annual basis.

There are now 121 magical towns in Mexico after the addition earlier this month of 10 new destinations.

Of those that received the designation in 2012, Mapimí, Durango, has seen the biggest improvement in terms of the well-being of citizens, with poverty levels cut from 61% in 2010 to 40% in 2015.

Poverty also decreased significantly in Huichapan, Hidalgo, and Viesca, Coahuila.

Source: El Universal (sp) 

Punctuality bonuses for workers cost 40 billion pesos over 5 years

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There's a bonus for those who get to work on time.
There's a bonus for those who get to work on time.

The federal government paid employees 40.7 billion pesos (US $2 billion) in punctuality bonuses between 2012 and 2017, responses to freedom of information requests show.

The newspaper El Universal determined that officials who work in 40 secretariats, the federal Congress, autonomous government-affiliated organizations and public universities received the extra payments for consistently arriving at work on time.

The annual peso-figure payout for the benefit peaked last year at just under 9 billion pesos (US $449 million).

The Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), the Federal Electricity Commission (CFE) and the State Workers’ Social Security Institute (ISSTE) have paid out the largest amounts.

IMSS, which pays bonuses to punctual workers twice monthly, is by far the most generous provider of the benefit, rewarding its employees with an additional 30.8 billion pesos (US $1.5 billion) during the five-year period coinciding with the presidency of Enrique Peña Nieto.

The CFE has paid out 5.5 billion pesos (US $274.5 million) in punctuality bonuses during the same period.

Among the other departments that reward their employees for showing up on time and/or having clean slates in terms of absenteeism are the secretariats of Labor and Social Welfare, Economy, Public Education and the Navy along with the federal consumer protection agency (Profeco).

The Secretariat of the Interior, the Bank of México, the National Human Rights Commission and the Office of the President all told El Universal that they don’t pay the bonuses.

President-elect López Obrador, who takes office on December 1, has said that punctuality bonuses and other benefits currently paid to federal officials will be cut as part of his government’s austerity push.

Source: El Universal (sp)