Mexico's biggest export to the United States in 2021 was vehicles.
Mexico was the United States’ chief trading partner in the first two months of the year by a fine margin, knocking Canada off the top spot.
Mexico had US $113.19 billion trade with its northern neighbor in January and February, according to the United States Census Bureau, with an $18.4 billion trade surplus in Mexico’s favor.
China and Canada have almost the same value of trade with the U.S. as Mexico.
Fractionally behind Mexico, the second biggest trading partner with the U.S. over the two-month period was China, which had $113.18 billion of trade. Canada was third on $112.93 billion of trade, followed by Japan and Germany which both had less than a third as much trade with the U.S.
Economy Minister Tatiana Clouthier celebrated the news on Twitter.
“Today the United States Census Bureau gave us the news that during the first two months of 2022, Mexico was placed as the #1 trading partner of the U.S. with a total trade of $113.19 billion. We will continue to strengthen our productive integration,” she wrote.
Mexico fell to second place in 2021, surpassed by Canada, despite achieving a record trade surplus of $108 billion. Last year, Canada accounted for 14.5% of U.S. international trade, Mexico had 14.4% and China had 14.3%. In November and December, Mexico slipped to become the United States’ third largest trading partner.
However, the countries are far from equal when it comes to their U.S. trade surpluses: China was by far the biggest exporter to the U.S. of the three countries.
Speaking at a summit with U.S. President Joe Biden and Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau in November, President López Obrador said economic integration was “the best instrument to face up to the competition derived from the growth of other regions of the world, particularly the productive and commercial expansion of China.”
He added at the time that the global economic imbalance could lead to eventual conflict. “In another 30 years, by 2051, China will control 42% of the global market and the United States, Mexico and Canada will be left with 12%, which in addition to being an unacceptable disproportion in the economic sphere, would keep alive the temptation of betting on the use of force to resolve this disparity, which would endanger all of us,” the president said, before urging the North American leaders to make the region more economically self-sufficient.
Article 19's regional director Leopoldo Maldonado said the administration prefers to deny issues like corruption and violence toward journalists than deal with them.
The federal government’s tendency to deny and hide human rights-related problems worsened last year, according to press freedom advocacy organization Article 19.
The organization said in its 2021 report on freedom of expression, access to information and respect of human rights in Mexico that the government’s tendency to deny and obfuscate in its official discourse had gained strength.
The report — entitled Negación (Denial) — asserted that the government refuses to acknowledge problems such as violence, corruption and impunity and in doing so “deepens” those problems.
In a press release and at the presentation of the report in Mexico City by regional director Leopoldo Maldonado, Article 19 posited that the denial of human rights-related problems is the mechanism the government uses to discredit critical discourse against it and amounts to official disinformation.
The government’s assertions and data – primarily presented at President López Obrador’s weekday press conferences – are difficult to confirm, Maldonado said.
He also said that the government’s official discourse stigmatizes the press and provokes violence against media workers, as well as other negative consequences. The press freedom organization’s report said that the news media was stigmatized by López Obrador and other government officials at least 71 times at the president’s conferences last year.
It also noted that seven journalists were murdered in 2021 and that there were 644 attacks against members of the press motivated by their journalistic work.
In its press release, Article 19 said there were 1,945 attacks against members of the press in the first three years of López Obrador’s administration, including 30 murders and two abductions.
In the same period of former president Enrique Nieto’s six-year term, there were 1,053 attacks and 15 murders of journalists, the organization said, noting that attacks increased almost 85% under López Obrador’s administration.
The 2019–21 period was Mexico’s worst ever three-year period for violence against the media, Article 19 said.
The organization made 36 urgent recommendations to the government with respect to freedom of speech and freedom of information issues. Among them: combat impunity for attacks on members of the press and eliminate legal restrictions on freedom of speech.
The way Clandestina spirits away its patrons to an unknown location and the family-style seating contributes to a lively sense of camaraderie among guests.
In Salinas de Potosi, Guerrero, located between the town of San Jeronoimito and Barra de Potosi, there is an almost mystical stretch of land known as the saltwater lagoons.
There, many landowners work their fincas (farms) to produce some of the finest salt in the state, known as the Sal de Potosi.
It was also the site of an adventurous and completely unexpected clandestine dinner that took place on March 6, hosted once again by Antonio Meneses and his wife, Chef Nuria Meneses, of Tanta Vida Restaurant in Ixtapa as well as Antonio’s brother, Chef Felipe Meneses of Angustina and Los Narvales restaurants in Zihuatanejo.
The hosts’ regular “pop-up” dining experience in Guerrero is called Clandestina: it’s a roving gourmet meal cooked by a few different fine chefs and served in a different location each time. As with all Clandestina dinners the Meneses family have hosted in pre-COVID years, part of the appeal is that guests have no idea where they will end up until they get there.
This year, 60 guests paid 2,500 pesos per person to meet at Los Narvales restaurant, where they were treated to an ice-cold drink before boarding two buses for a 45-minute ride to their surprise location.
Clandestina bused guests to a visually striking location: natural salt fields in Salinas de Potosi, Guerrero.
Along the way, several guests made bets as to where we were headed, but as we passed one possible location after the other, everyone ran out of ideas.
About 30 minutes in, we turned south off Highway 200 onto a dirt road. I remarked to everyone that this was the way to the salt fields, a place I had visited on my scooter with a friend a year ago — a wasteland of sea mounds, if memory served. I could not imagine that this would be our destination, based on some of Clandestina’s previous exotic locations.
I was wrong.
As we straggled out of the luxury charter bus into the searingly hot, desert-like landscape, I think we were uniformly stunned. The completely flat fields, dotted with what seemed like mounds of pure white salt, stretched before us as far as the eye could see.
You’ve got to be kidding me.
Just as it seemed that many wanted to turn and run, several guides greeted us hospitably and took us to a path ahead, where we could see an enormous white tent in the distance that shimmered invitingly in the sun.
Each course was beautifully presented and created by a different gourmet chef.
As we trudged through the hard-packed mud between the rows of ponds — which I later learned are to contain water directly in the sun, thus providing salt more quickly than normal — I could feel the attitude around me change from dismay to excitement.
The long table that stretched beneath the canopy when we arrived at our destination was decorated just how I would imagine it if you were in a desert oasis. Soon, everyone was chatting and laughing and enjoying themselves as the overly attentive small army of waiters poured wine and water. The food was outstanding, with all four courses presented by each chef who created it.
As an appetizer, we began with Amuse-bouche, which was a Zihua oyster, apple, and kiwi vinaigrette with citrus foam and tantarria salt. (It was so delicious, I slurped down two).
The first course, presented by Chef Felipe, consisted of mahi-mahi, macerated in herbs, with a Rubik’s cube of vegetables, salted mangrove leaves — off which we were invited to lick the salt, and mango and fruit passion sauce. The accompanying wine, a crisp, white Chenin, flowed freely.
Our second course — pumpkin pie from the garden of Casa Bettina, an organic vegetable salad, anchovy butter and basil pesto — was presented by guest chef Christian Plumail. This tasted even better than it looked, if that was possible. The wine was a pinot grigio from Italy and paired perfectly with the dish.
By now, people were feeling quite festive, and the chatter up and down the long table became even more animated as the wine continued to pour. Luckily, we were all securely seated under shade as the sun was particularly hot that day, but a warm nonstop breeze kept us all comfortable despite that.
Chef Javier Cerillo of the well-regarded Thompson Hotel in Zihuatanejo presented our course, which consisted of a single pork rib hung on the coals, along with roasted cauliflower and marinade. Delicious, it was paired with three different Italian red wines.
Dessert was chocolate cake with amaretto with a reduction of red wine, frozen yogurt and, of course, the local salt. Chef José Luis Saldana Pérez presented this final course, and as the other chefs did, he explained how he made his concoction. The wine was a lovely Brut from Querétaro.
One of the meal’s highlights was a salt miner, Michael Betancourt, who doubled as a waiter, gave a talk about the salt fields. Betancourt explained that there were many families who harvested their own fincas but that his family had been doing so for four generations. Salt continues to be the base of the economy in the towns mentioned above, where it supports large families.
The salt [harvesting] process is somewhat extensive and difficult to explain, Betancourt said. “It is more by intuition and knowledge than by following rules, but broadly speaking, it begins by extracting saltwater from a water well and then putting it in a nylon tub that will boil it in the sun to separate the water from the salt so it can be packed and sold.”
When asked how the families get their salt to market, Betancourt explained that although they sell the salt through cooperatives, his father has sold to the same customers for many years. The international market and the opportunity to export, he says, is something he is hoping to explore and expand into in the future.
After several enjoyable hours, the happy, well-fed and perhaps somewhat tipsy guests headed back to the waiting buses to return to their starting location in Zihuatanejo. Already several people were asking when the next Clandestina would happen — April 10, as it turns out.
If you’re interested, I recommend you hurry and buy tickets. If the success of this one is any indication, they won’t last long.
The writer divides her time between Canada and Zihuatanejo.
Hotel chains St. Regis, Four Seasons and Hyatt have investments planned.
The construction of at least nine new luxury hotels is under way in Los Cabos, Baja California Sur.
The chains investing in the area include St. Regis, Four Seasons and Hyatt. They will add around 2,000 rooms to the 18,000 already available to tourists in Los Cabos.
The head of the Los Cabos Hotel Association (AHLC), Lilzi Orcí Fregoso, said some of the construction had already started and more would start in the coming months. “We have around nine properties. Some have already started and others haven’t, be we know that they will open eventually … it’s important to mention that they’re super luxury, which consolidates [Los Cabos] as a luxury destination,” she said.
Orcí said the majority of the developments will have their own wastewater treatment and desalination plants.
Tourism in Los Cabos suffered during the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2021, hotels were only allowed to operate at 30% capacity. However, the tourism industry was given a boost over the holiday weekend in late March when some hotels reached 84%, making it one of the best March holiday weekends on record.
Orcí also held high expectations for the whole of Spring Break and predicted 45,000 visitors would arrive in March, which would be the most successful Spring Break on record, more than twice as busy as the 20,000 tourists that visited over the same period in 2019, which was one of the best ever.
She added that the average room rate was above US $400 per night in March compared to $300 in February.
Ukrainian refugees sheltered at the Benito Juárez sports center in Tijuana as they await processing by U.S. officials. World Central Kitchen
Up to 400 Ukrainians, 30% of whom are children, arrived in Tijuana last weekend, fleeing war in their homeland to seek asylum in the United States, immigration authorities said.
The migrants were placed in a temporary shelter Saturday at the Benito Juárez sports center, about 1 kilometer from the San Ysidro port of entry, according to officials. Around 1,700 Ukrainians have arrived in the city in recent weeks.
Enrique Lucero, Tijuana’s municipal migration affairs director, told the news agency Reuters that the city expects the refugees to keep arriving.
When migrants arrive at the shelter, they are given a number and entered into a queue to be processed at the border. They generally have to wait about 30 hours before being seen by U.S. immigration authorities.
About 10 California volunteers of Ukrainian origin arrived on Friday to welcome the migrants at Tijuana International Airport and help them with the immigration process.
The Baja California deputy minister for migration affairs, Adriana Espinoza Nolasco, said the shelter was created after there was an increase in the number of people arriving from Ukraine and congregating in an unsafe location near the border.
“People come directly to the shelter. Here they start by being assigned a number, and all this is down to the work of the volunteers. The shelter will be here indefinitely and will have everything necessary so that the people who are arriving can finish their process to reach the United States,” Espinoza added.
Nassar, a refugee from Kiev traveling with his two younger brothers, took residence in the shelter on Saturday. He aims to relocate to California, after having passed through Germany, Poland, Spain and Mexico City.
“I’m very grateful for all the treatment they are giving us, and I feel much safer seeing how they are receiving us and being in this shelter together with my brothers,” he said.
Many Ukrainian refugees have arrived in Mexico via the Mexico City and Cancún international airports, Lucero said. Almost 4.25 million people have fled Ukraine to various world destinations since the conflict started in late February, according to the United Nations. U.S. President Joe Biden said in late March that the United States would accept up to 100,000 Ukrainians to resettle in the country this year.
Meanwhile, a group of Russian refugees who spent a week camped at San Ysidro and were refused entry were quietly admitted into the U.S. at the end of March in a secret deal with Mexican officials, the news site Vice reported.
The federal government is considering placing price controls on basic food items as part of efforts to control inflation, President López Obrador said on Monday.
“We’re making a food production plan so there is greater supply and [so] we can also control inflation with food,” he told reporters at his morning press conference.
Annual inflation was 7.29% in the first half of March.
“We’re going to announce [our plan] in a few more days; we’re already working on it, … it has to do with the canasta básica, to guarantee that there are no shortages and [ensure] that we control inflation,” López Obrador said.
The canasta básica is a basic selection of foodstuffs including beans, rice, eggs and sugar.
At his Monday press conference, AMLO said the government plans to control inflation via a “food production plan” that would prevent shortages. Presidencia
Explicitly asked whether the government is considering price controls, López Obrador said the government would implement them in addition to a food production plan “if necessary.”
“First, production, … the best thing to confront inflation is to produce, [to ensure] there is supply, but price controls help as well,” he said.
Probed again whether “maximum prices” were going to be implemented, López Obrador responded:
“Not yet. What a good journalist you are, there’s no doubt. We’re going to wait. What we have to do is deal with the [inflation] problem in the best possible way. The good thing is that we’re here to serve the people, the people are our master, not companies, corporations or banks. … The basic intent is to govern for the benefit of the people. So we analyze [issues] and make decisions in accordance with what’s in the best interests of the people.”
Two experts who spoke with the newspaper Reforma raised concerns about the possibility of price controls being imposed by the government.
Alejandro Saldaña, chief economist at the financial company Ve Por Más, said that price controls “could generate shortage problems in the medium term because if [food] producers face lower prices, production is discouraged.”
James Salazar, an economic analyst at CI Banco, said price controls don’t make sense. “We’re not in a red alert scenario,” he said. Screen capture
“… Shortages, if sustained, would be reflected in even more aggressive price increases,” he said, apparently suggesting that government price controls wouldn’t work.
James Salazar, deputy director of economic analysis at CI Banco, said that price controls on basic foodstuffs would be akin to asking producers to “restrict price increases.”
That would automatically create “an imbalance in terms of supply and demand,” he said, “because you’re imposing a maximum price when there is much stronger demand and that results in shortages.”
Salazar said that price controls have been implemented in the past when inflation was high, but they didn’t work.
“In the medium and long term, you could create shortages and black markets and who ends up paying [the price] in the end is the [food] producer,” he said.
Price controls in other countries, such as Venezuela, have resulted in shortages of basic goods and fueled the popularity of black-market trading.
Salazar said that price controls don’t make sense because inflation is not as high as it has previously been, although it reached a 20-year high in November.
“We’re not in a red alert scenario,” the CI Banco analyst said. “The reality is that inflation has shot up around the whole world [but] it’s not what we saw in the ’80s or beginning of the ’90s.”
These are among more than a quarter of a million election workers who have been preparing for Sunday's referendum.
Mexicans took to the streets across the country Sunday to call on their fellow citizens not to vote in the upcoming referendum on President López Obrador’s leadership.
A revocation of mandate referendum in which citizens will get the opportunity to have their say about whether López Obrador should complete his six-year term will be held this Sunday.
Marches and rallies during which protesters called for citizens to boycott the vote were held in Mexico City and numerous states including Querétaro, Chihuahua, Puebla, Quintana Roo, Jalisco, Nuevo León, Veracruz, Aguascalientes, Yucatán, San Luis Potosí and México state.
The Mexico City march – which started at the Angel of Independence on Reforma Avenue and concluded at the Monument to the Revolution – was organized around the slogan, “¡Terminas y te vas!” or “You finish and you go!”
Citizens who participated in the marches want López Obrador to finish his six-year term in 2024 and leave office. Some observers have claimed that the president could use the results of the recall referendum to extend his grip on power, although López Obrador has repeatedly pledged that he will leave office in 2024, or earlier if a majority of citizens choose to revoke his mandate.
Protesters at the front of the Mexico City march carried a banner urging citizens not to vote on April 10. Some people carried signs expressing their support for the National Electoral Institute (INE), which López Obrador is planning to dismantle.
In Querétaro city, some 300 people urged citizens not to cast a vote in the recall referendum. Protesting queretanos also came out in defense of the INE, which López Obrador says has not adequately promoted the revocation of mandate vote.
Among the other cities where marches and/or rallies against the referendum were held Sunday were Puebla, Guadalajara, Cancún, Mérida, Ciudad Juárez, Xalapa and Toluca.
Opposition lawmakers have also called for a boycott of the vote, which requires a minimum turnout of 40% to be legally binding, although López Obrador has indicated he will comply with the will of the people even if that threshold isn’t met.
One of the recall debates held recently in advance of Sunday's vote.
Recall elections had a big year internationally in 2021, grabbing the spotlight in California and Taiwan. But 2022 is set to witness the recall on a whole other level as Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador, widely known by the nickname AMLO, will be facing the voters on April 10.
While we’ve seen recalls in the United States’ largest state and against the presidents of both Venezuela and Romania, the Mexican presidential recall, dubbed a revocation of mandate vote, is by far the largest by population in history. Yet this recall has not grabbed the world’s attention as others have in the past. There’s a reason for that. AMLO not only does not fear the recall, he has welcomed it with open arms. He is hoping that it provides a boost for his political agenda. And if America’s recall history is any standard, there’s reason to think he’s right.
Mexico’s recall is very unusual in that it was originally proposed by AMLO as part of his election in 2018. From the beginning, he appeared to be the biggest supporter of a recall vote, encouraging his supporters to sign the petitions and get the more than 2.7 million valid signatures needed to get to the ballot. In fact, there is a movement by his opponents to boycott the recall vote.
The chance of removal is slim. For the recall to succeed, not only do a majority of voters have to cast ballots to remove AMLO, but 40% of registered voters have to turn out out to vote. This type of turnout law is uncommon in the U.S., though it is a regular feature elsewhere throughout the globe. In 2012, the president of Romania survived a recall due to low turnout, and so did the mayor of Warsaw, Poland, and officials in Taiwan.
While this type of law provides protection for the officials, it also creates the false perception that the officials sneaked through because voters didn’t show up. However, this low turnout is actually a winning strategy, even if it is a public relations debacle. AMLO’s recall is different in that he wants to win by an overwhelming margin, so he is not looking to use the 40% turnout law. He even said that he would abide by a decision even if the 40% threshold is not met. AMLO instead wants as high a turnout as possible. It is his opponents who are actually calling for people not to turn out.
What explains his actions? Some of his opponents originally feared that he would try to use a recall success to repeal the one six-year term limit for president. That does not seem to be the focus, but he clearly does want the recall to be treated as a chance to ratify his term, strengthening his position in dealing with Congress and others. A strong performance will certainly assist him.
In the U.S., we have not had actual promotion by politicians of their own recall in this fashion, though we have elected officials try to use the recall laws in a tactical fashion. In 2021, a Seattle councilwoman tried to get supporters to sign petitions against her in order to speed up the recall vote and have it timed with a regularly scheduled election (this did not work, though she survived the final vote). In 2012, supporters of Wisconsin Governor Scott Walker submitted papers for an early recall push in order to assist him in raising funds under a very loose recall law.
While recalls have a strong success rate in the U.S., officials who survived – and sometimes those who lose – can see a big benefit to their political careers. California state Senator Jeff Denham survived a recall vote in 2008. He was later elected to Congress. The same thing happened with Wisconsin State Senator Scott Fitzgerald after his recall triumph in 2012. San Francisco Mayor Dianne Feinstein easily beat back a recall in 1983. The next year, she was being discussed for vice president. Now, she is the longest-serving U.S. senator in California history.
California Governor Gavin Newsom is about to test this theory himself. Many observers, as well as history, suggest that 2022 could be a challenging, if not disastrous election year for Democrats. Yet all of the major Republican contenders have backed out of running against Newsom in his reelection run.
After an overwhelming victory in the recall vote, Newsom has frightened off seemingly all of the most serious contenders. The result may be that he glides to victory even in a difficult environment, but due to not having a strong Republican opponent, he also helps Democrats lower down on the ticket, including some key Congressional races. Newsom is already being discussed as a potential presidential contender down the road.
AMLO may be facing the voters early this year, but unlike other officials throughout the world, it is not due to opponent anger or hope for an electoral triumph. Rather, he is hoping for a boost from a vote of confidence by the voters. There’s a good chance he will get it.
Much of the luxury hotel's decor recalls the children's network's most popular shows, such as this golden pineapple from SpongeBob SquarePants. Nickelodeon Hotels & Resorts
A new water theme park and hotel were inaugurated in Quintana Roo last week.
Hotel Nickelodeon and its water park Aqua Nick, located between Cancún and Puerto Morelos, allows fans to stay beside some of the Nickelodeon children’s network’s most familiar characters, such as the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles or SpongeBob SquarePants and his companions.
The hotel is operated by Karisma Hotels and Resorts and has 280 rooms, six restaurants, three bars, a 500-seat theater and a spa. Aqua Nick water park sits on 2.4 hectares and has two bodies of water with slides.
Owner Grupo Lomas invested US $340 million in the complex, which will employ 800–1,200 people. Fees are around US $450 per person, per night. It’s their second Nickelodeon-themed hotel resort. Their first opened in Punta Cana, Dominican Republic, in 2016.
Governor Carlos Joaquín attended the inauguration and celebrated the achievement of building the complex in the COVID-19 pandemic, when “there was uncertainty and things were not easy,” he said.
The beachside hotel markets to families with all-inclusive rates starting at US $450.
“This speaks very well of our business people, of the investors, of each and all of you, whom I thank for that trust,” Joaquín added, addressing representatives from Nickelodeon, Karisma Hotels and Grupo Lomas.
Director of operations at Grupo Lomas, Samantha Frachey, said the resort opened last summer with 38% occupancy and reached 56% occupancy by last month. She predicted a further bump in demand. “In April we are going to reach 80% occupancy, and we increasingly have more demand thanks to alliances with tour operators in Mexico, the United States, Canada and Latin America,” she said.
Economy Minister Clouthier and US Trade Representative Tai.
The United States government has warned that Mexico’s energy sector policies place US $10 billion in U.S. investments at risk.
United States Trade Representative Katherine Tai cited the 11-digit figure in a letter to Economy Minister Tatiana Clouthier last Thursday.
According to the newspaper Reforma, which saw the private letter, Tai said the Electricity Industry Law – which gives power generated by the state-owned Federal Electricity Commission (CFE) priority on the national grid over that produced by private and renewable energy companies – poses a great risk to United States energy projects in Mexico.
Tai lamented that Mexico’s energy policies haven’t changed despite the U.S. government’s efforts to collaborate constructively with its Mexican counterpart.
The letter Clouthier received from the US Trade Representative reflected thinning patience with Mexico’s desire to overhaul its energy market.
Several U.S. officials, including Tai, have raised concerns about the federal government’s energy policies and plans, including a constitutional bill that would guarantee 54% of the electricity market to the CFE.
Ambassador Ken Salazar acknowledged last month that United States energy companies are having problems securing the permits they need to operate without encumbrance in Mexico, while U.S.-owned fuel storage terminals have been shut down by authorities for allegedly unclear reasons.
Despite U.S. concerns, President López Obrador said Friday that he wouldn’t make any changes to his proposed electricity reform, and he is also determined to strengthen the role state oil company Pemex plays in the energy sector.
In her letter to Clouthier, Tai contended that United States companies are being treated arbitrarily in Mexico. Renewable energy sector investments are at greater risk now than at any previous time, the trade representative said.
Reforma noted that the $10 billion figure cited by Tai is more than triple the value of Mexican avocado exports to the United States in 2021, which totaled $2.8 billion.
Tai told Clouthier that she would consider all available options under the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement to challenge energy sector policies that the U.S. believes violate the three-way free trade pact.
Mexico’s Supreme Court began reviewing the Electricity Industry Law’s constitutionality on Tuesday. Fernando Gutiérrez Ortega/Shutterstock
She urged the Mexican government to suspend laws and policies about which the United States has raised concerns, and protect the rights of U.S. investors.
Meanwhile, López Obrador claimed Tuesday that some opposition lawmakers would support his constitutional bill, which would also get rid of two independent energy sector regulators.
He said he had information that some legislators with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) and even a National Action Party (PAN) lawmaker would “rebel” and support his reform.
“I call for that, for them to rebel so that they are authentic representatives of the people and not employees of vested interest groups,” López Obrador said.
“They shouldn’t be traitors to the homeland, they should rebel, have the arrogance to feel free,” he said.
“… I also call on people to be alert, because debates [on the electricity reform] are going to start in the Chamber of Deputies … and we have to see who defends [private and foreign] companies,” rather than the state, López Obrador said.
“Because this has happened in other times. The PRI and the PAN came to an agreement when they still had the people fooled that they were different, and they voted for [the contingencies fund] Fobproa to convert private debt into public debt, and that enormous debt still exists,” he said.
