Tuesday, May 6, 2025

After 17 months, schools reopen for in-person classes

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Students returning to in-person teaching Monday in Mexico City.
Students returning to in-person teaching Monday in Mexico City.

Schools across Mexico reopened on Monday 17 months after closing due to the onset of the coronavirus pandemic.

More than 25 million pre-school, primary school and middle school students were due to return to in-person classes but the actual number of returnees was expected to be lower because attendance is voluntary and online learning will continue for the foreseeable future in many states. Approximately 2 million teachers and other educational and administrative staff were also set to return to school.

“It’s a very important day because girls, boys and adolescents are returning to public and private schools. The school year is starting, a great effort has been made,” President López Obrador, a fierce advocate for the reopening of schools, told reporters at his morning press conference.

He predicted that the majority of students would return to in-person classes because “school is irreplaceable” – a place not just of learning but also a center of conviviencia (coexistence or togetherness).

“It has to do with the feelings that boys and girls express to each other,” the president said.

AMLO
President López Obrador stressed the social importance of students’ return to classrooms at his Monday press conference.

The government forged ahead with the plan to reopen schools on Monday despite Mexico being amidst a delta variant-driven third wave, with daily case numbers currently higher than at any other time of the pandemic.

The Ministry of Public Education (SEP) drew up a range of guidelines aimed at ensuring a safe return to the classroom — among which are social distancing, wearing face masks and frequent handwashing – but it remains to be seen whether students will follow them and school outbreaks will be avoided.

Increasing the likelihood of transmission is the fact that the highly contagious delta strain spreads more readily among children than earlier variants of the virus.

The only states where schools were not scheduled to reopen on Monday were Michoacán – where authorities believe the risk is currently too high — Sinaloa and Baja California Sur. Authorities in the latter two states postponed the resumption of classes due to the passing of Hurricane Nora, which brought heavy rain and flooding to several states over the weekend.

Some teachers were also not expected to return to the classroom on Monday. The CNTE teachers union said that its members wouldn’t be offering in-person classes in Mexico City, Guerrero, Chiapas and Oaxaca because of the risk of infection.

Another obstacle to a smooth reopening is that almost one-quarter of public schools don’t have running water, according to the National Parents Union.

schoolkids
One new issue teachers will face is monitoring that students follow social distancing rules and not congregate closely as seen here in this pre-pandemic photo.

Education Minister Delfina Gómez conceded last Friday that the number of schools lacking the basic conditions required to safely welcome back students and teachers was unknown.

Francisco Landero, an education expert, told the newspaper El Universal that students of different schools will face different situations upon their return to in-person learning. Parents have to make a decision about whether to send their children back to school or not “in the face of the lack of an orderly, systematic and well-thought-out strategy by the federal government,” he said.

Landero noted that federal authorities haven’t contemplated the use of COVID-19 testing for students and teachers as part of their strategy to avoid the spread of the virus. However, some state governments, including those in Jalisco and Querétaro, are planning to do so.

“What is expected is that a large percentage of schools will open on Monday to comply with the presidential mandate, but a lot will move to the hybrid model in about two weeks,” Landero said, referring to a mix of in-person and online classes.

“… The protocols that SEP established don’t guarantee there won’t be infections,” said Rosa María García Jiménez, an education academic at La Salle University in Mexico City.

“Working with children and young people is always a risk,” she said, adding that teachers will not only have to worry about teaching but also monitor students to ensure they don’t hug each other.

The federal government previously said that schools could only reopen in states that are low risk green on the coronavirus stoplight map, a condition currently met by just one state – Chiapas. However, the government recently changed its position, concluding that the benefits of reopening schools outweighed the risks.

“Starting classes is very important. We celebrate that it’s happening because many [students] have been through very difficult … situations. But we’re now heading toward normality and we have a lot of faith,” the president said.

“… I had to wake Jesús up at six in the morning to go to school,” he added, referring to his 14-year-old son.

With reports from El País and El Universal 

A sense of elsewhere: why I landed, and stayed, in Linares, Nuevo León

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Linares, Nuevo Leon
With no beaches, clubs or pyramids, Linares isn't for those seeking an exciting refuge from winter, but it is a nice, slow-paced environment in which to safely raise a family.

Almost every week, I am asked (and I sometimes ask myself) the question: why am I here?

It seems strange to the local people, even after 15 odd years of living here, that a foreigner should chose Linares as his adopted home when many millions of Mexicans dream of living in the United States, Canada or Europe.

They listen to my stock responses with polite interest, but something in the way they look at me implies the unstated question, “Yes, but why are you really here?”

Other than me, a Toronto-born writer, translator and educator raised in the pretty little rural Irish Midlands town of Lanesboro, County Longford, the only foreigners here are pastors, international students or the odd technician flown in for the weekend to fix some infernal machine at Kellogg’s or at one of the other factories inside the parque industrial (industrial park) at the entrance to town.

So I must be a drug dealer, bank robber or deviant on the run from my sordid past?

The bells of Linares’ Cathedral de San Felipe Apóstol.

Their skepticism is understandable. Linares is not the Mexico of the tourist brochures. Unlike Tulum, Puerto Vallarta or Los Cabos — places designed for well-heeled outsiders seeking refuge from the harsh blasts of winter—Linares has no golden beaches, bustling nightlife or ancient pyramids.

Nestled in Nuevo León’s Citrus Belt in the blue shadow of the Sierra Madres, Linares is largely known — if at all — for the norteño music of the legendary Los Cadetes de Linares. And for Glorias, a traditional gourmet candy made from nuts and burnt goat’s milk.

I ended up in this charming, slightly dilapidated city of 80,000 souls seemingly by accident. Fleeing from the Canadian winter in February 2001, I was backpacking around Central America and the Pacific coast of southern Mexico when a friend and resident here invited me to pay him a visit while he did fieldwork for his doctorate.

I had never heard of the place, but as I was on the road anyway, I headed north to the India-shaped state of Nuevo León. Many hundreds of kilometers later, I stepped into the dusty sunlight and looked up into a sky so clear and blue I could hardly credit it.

As I sat in the calm green shade of Linares Plaza, surrounded by a clutch of somber, sun-weathered old campesinos (farmers) wearing white cowboy hats, I felt a sudden intense sensation akin to déjà vu.

One muggy June afternoon, I was reading the news in a cybercafe when a woman approached and invited me to interview for the position of English teacher at a prestigious local school. As I understood very little Spanish, I smiled, shrugged my shoulders and asked, “When is it?”

writer Colin Carberry
The writer takes a moment at the gazebo in Linares Plaza. Bruce Meyer

Mañana,” she said.

At noon the following day, a young English teacher named Verónica Garza Flores interpreted. We have been married 18 years now and have two beautiful little girls, Kathleen and Emma.

They are happy here, therefore I am happy. I would be happy anywhere as long as I was with them.

However, there are many other reasons why I enjoy living here. The average temperature in Linares is 22.4 C. After years of battling depression, seasonally deepened by Irish rain and Canadian snow, slush and ice, it was a delight to discover that the regular sunshine here is a natural mood enhancer, spiking my system with daily doses of serotonin.

The pace of life is slower — more in sync with agrarian rhythms than factory clocks — which for a country boy like me is familiar and therefore comforting — and Mondays are less stressful.

Unlike border cities such as Reynosa or Tijuana, where homicide rates are among the highest in the world, crime in Linares is more of the unorganized type — petty theft, burglary, drug abuse and drink-fuelled social violence. Apart from a rash of drug-related killings between 2006 and 2010, violent death is uncommon. In fact, Chicago, Houston and Vancouver are much more dangerous places in which to live.

Tacos agachados
Tacos agachados with its red tortillas.

The food in Linares is also excellent and comes in a diverse variety of shapes, forms and combinations. Among the most popular local dishes are cabrito (kid goat), a regional specialty, and tacos of every kind (carne asada, barbacoa, trompo, tripa) especially tacos agachados, a cheap working-class dish of mincemeat, cabbage, tomato and onions stuffed into small red tortillas and served with cube-shaped fried potatoes.

Other popular treats to be found in the local markets are queso del rancho (homemade cheese), chorizo, honey, and a variety of cactus jams and jellies. When I’m feeling in the mood for a little sweet bread to go at with my coffee, I tend to visit the famous local bakery in the center of town, Panadería La Flor.

In artistic terms, Linares is something of a blank slate. In the English-speaking world, apart from a mention in Under the Volcano, Malcolm Lowry’s classic novel, the only other reference to the city I know of is to “the snow-capped peaks of Linares” in Jack Kerouac’s novel Big Sur (Linares lies in a valley, but then, the author was known to go on the odd extended drug-and-booze-addled bender.)

Indeed, other than the odd brief text in a travel book, you would be hard-pressed to find much written about Linares in Spanish either. As a writer, I view this as an advantage because I am not unduly influenced by other scribblers when contemplating the history and culture of the city, as well as my place in it.

As for art — or what passes for art in these parts — I am more partial to the work of storefront painters than the pretentious and gaudy religious-themed paintings of the local (con-)artistes.

My daily round here during these dangerous days of COVID-19 consists of giving classes; reading; jogging; overeating; writing poems, articles and personal essays; conducting interviews and watching my beloved soccer team FC Bayern Munich in the comfort of Bar el Dáil — my private Irish pub.

Sabinal River in Hualahuises
The Sabinal River, an example of the types of waterways in the nearby town of Hualahuises where the writer often takes his family for recreation. Facebook

We are also constantly improving and upgrading our house, which involves dealing with workmen and making frequent trips to the hardware store for building materials. I also talk to my parents in Canada. (My mother lives in Milton, Ontario, my father in Toronto.)

Our daughters take karate classes three times a week, study online, play computer games and watch movies. As often as we can, we visit the neighboring town of Hualahuises to bathe in its clear, cold rivers and feast on the exquisite local cuisine.

Despite the passage of 20 years and the inescapable facts of debts, social obligations, work problems and other quotidian universal stresses, Linares remains a serendipitous refuge — strange enough to me still that I maintain the illusion that I am somehow on vacation, elsewhere, somewhere not “at home,” wherever that is anymore.

I miss many things about Lanesboro and Toronto, but as long as I continue to avoid the dreaded sensation of becoming stuck in a rut, I will probably stay in Linares. With little difficulty, I could quickly elaborate a list of drawbacks to living here too, but show me the person who from time to time doesn’t wish they were elsewhere?

Colin Carberry is a Canadian-born and Irish-raised writer who lives in Los Linares, Nuevo León, with his wife and two daughters. He has published four poetry collections and his work has appeared in publications in North America, Europe and Asia.

‘We can’t count on Guanajuato to help combat crime:’ AMLO

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Attorney General Carlos Zamarripa
Attorney General Carlos Zamarripa has been in office too long, says president.

Authorities in Guanajuato – Mexico’s most violent state – are not supporting the federal government in the fight against crime, President López Obrador said Monday.

“What worries me about Guanajuato is insecurity because there is a lot and the government, the Attorney General’s Office in particular, isn’t taking action” he told reporters at his regular news conference.

Violence is a problem that was allowed to grow in Guanajuato, López Obrador said. “It’s very probable that the violence problem in Guanajuato has been encouraged because they [the National Action Party, or PAN] made a political alliance with [organized] crime in order to always win,” he asserted.

The current Guanajuato governor, Diego Sinhue Rodríguez Vallejo, and the previous seven all represented the PAN.

López Obrador noted that there were 32 homicides in Guanajuato on Friday, Saturday and Sunday, a figure that accounted for 15% of all murders across the country.

“This is what worries me and that’s why I urge the governor” to do something, he said. “… We’re doing everything we can but we don’t have support. The attorney general [Carlos Zamarripa] has been there a long time and there are no results.”

The president last month called on Sinhue to remove Zamarripa, who has been state attorney general for 12 years.

“I can make recommendations; if they don’t take them into account that’s another matter but I would recommend renewal because things aren’t getting better and we have the National Guard and elements of the army and navy there,” he said July 26.

“We’re helping but we don’t see the same in the actions of the state Attorney General’s Office.”

Guanajuato, where several criminal groups including the powerful Jalisco New Generation Cartel operate, recorded 2,098 homicides in the first seven months of 2021. That figure represented a 22% decline compared to the same period of last year but was insufficient for Guanajuato to relinquish the unenviable title of Mexico’s most violent state.

Mexico News Daily 

Teachers union continues efforts to persuade AMLO to engage in talks

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Protesting teachers delay the president's motorcade in Chiapas on Saturday.
Protesting teachers delay the president's motorcade in Chiapas on Saturday.

A day after protesting teachers prevented him from getting to his own morning press conference in Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, President López Obrador was once again held up by CNTE union members on Saturday.

Members of the dissident teachers’ union blocked the president’s vehicle as he traveled toward Motozintla, a town in southern Chiapas just north of the border with Guatemala.

Disgruntled about employment issues including remuneration, working conditions and recruitment, the teachers attempted to persuade López Obrador to get out of his SUV and listen to their demands, among which is the resumption of talks with the federal government.

But the president refused to disembark, although he rolled down his window to rule out negotiation while union members continue to show disrespect for him.

CNTE members also protested on Saturday outside a theater in Comitán, where López Obrador did get out of his car and briefly greet the protesters.

A day earlier, the president described the CNTE in Chiapas as a “vested interest group” and declared he wouldn’t allow it to take him hostage. On Saturday, he acknowledged the brief delay he faced in a social media post.

“In the road along the border with Guatemala, from Amatenango to Motozintla, the CNTE people stopped us, but a lot of supporters of the 4T [fourth transformation] also greeted us,” López Obrador said, referring to the government by its self-anointed nickname.

Speaking at an event in Motozintla, the president asserted that his government retains the support of “the people” and that no one will be able to “defeat the transformation movement in Mexico.”

Although López Obrador was visibly annoyed by the two-hour-long blockade that prevented him from appearing in person at his presser at a military base on Friday, a member of the CNTE’s leadership committee in Chiapas claimed that the president deliberately allowed himself to be halted by it.

“… The president of the republic is very astute, he could have entered [the base] wherever he wanted to but didn’t; they told him that we were waiting for him there,” Virgilio Cruz said.

“… He needed the media– almost the majority of whom now support him – to see him as a victim and us as the guilty ones – teachers who don’t let him move forward,” he said. “… If he has all the security forces of the Mexican state [at his disposal], why didn’t he do anything?”

In describing the blockade on Friday as “improper,” López Obrador appeared to forget that he was once the leader of a protest movement that paralyzed sections of Mexico City in the wake of what he claimed was a fraudulent presidential election in 2006.

Realizing that the president had gotten a taste of his own medicine on Friday, many social media users took the opportunity to repost video footage from 2019 in which a Tamaulipas farmers’ association president declares that López Obrador taught him how to protest.

“… This … blocking of highways was taught to us by our own president,” Rogelio Ortíz said. “I learned from him, he was my teacher.”

CNTE members might well say the same thing.

With reports from El Universal and Reforma 

National Guard and immigration agents clash with migrants in Chiapas

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Migrants attempt to force their way past National Guardsmen in Chiapas on Saturday.
Migrants attempt to force their way past National Guardsmen in Chiapas on Saturday.

A caravan of hundreds of Haitian, Cuban, Central American and South American migrants clashed with members of the National Guard (GN) and immigration agents on Saturday after leaving Tapachula, Chiapas, on foot.

The GN and National Immigration Institute (INM) agents resorted to using force to halt the advance of some 600 migrants who departed Tapachula after staging protests for several weeks to demand that their asylum cases be extradited.

Video footage showed scuffles between the authorities and the migrants. One video posted to social media showed an INM agent kicking and attempting to stomp on the head of one migrant who had been tackled to the ground and punched by another agent.

Dozens of male and female migrants, some of whom were accompanied by children, were detained and taken to a detention center in Tapachula, while others fled.

The clashes took place about 15 kilometers south of Huixtla, a town approximately 40 kilometers north of Tapachula, where thousands of Haitians have recently arrived. President López Obrador was en route to Tapachula when the confrontation occurred, and the authorities’ actions appeared to be at least partially motivated by a desire to avoid an encounter between the head of state and the migrant caravan.

Amid the commotion, a Haitian girl was injured by a stone that hit her in the head, the newspaper El Universal reported. Some of the migrants had been hurling stones at the GN troops and INM agents in an effort to free those who had been detained.

Hundreds of migrants who avoided detention broke through a military checkpoint on Saturday evening and continued their northward journey.

Most migrants are desperate to leave Tapachula, where they have few, if any, employment options and are forced to spend long periods living in shelters, cheap hotels or on the street as they wait for authorities to assess their asylum claims. Due to high demand, the Mexican Refugee Assistance Commission (Comar) is taking up to a year to assess those claims, leaving many asylum seekers effectively stranded in Tapachula, a migrant hub due to its location just north of the border with Guatemala.

Comar is supposed to process claims within three months but budget and staffing cuts amid a surge of migrants has made that all but impossible.

“The important thing is not to cross the border [to the United States] but to leave Tapachula to look for work somewhere else,” a Haitian woman told the newspaper El País.

“There’s no work in Chiapas, … there’s no way to live [with dignity], the people are treating us like animals. We are refugees, what we are seeking is … to be able to eat.”

A migrant woman and her child on the ground during Saturday's confrontation.
A migrant woman and her child on the ground during Saturday’s confrontation.

It was that kind of desperation that induced hundreds of migrants to flee the city on foot Saturday knowing full well that they were unlikely to be given free passage by a government that has sought to appease the United States by cracking down on irregular migration.

The INM on Sunday condemned the actions of its agents against the migrants and said it had referred the matter to its internal control body. The agents’ conduct was “inappropriate” and violated “the protocols and policies of respect the institute promotes,” it said in a statement.

“… One migrant started to hit a federal immigration agent and two elements consequently went to assist him, assuming … inappropriate conduct in their intervention,” the INM added.

COMDHSM, a collective of some 200 human rights organizations, also condemned the authorities’ use of force, describing their conduct as excessive and unjustified.

The migrants were “attacked, subjugated and beaten with shields and clubs,” it said, adding that INM agents dressed in civilian clothing incited the violence.

López Obrador said Sunday that the federal government would continue to “contain the northward flow of migrants” – there are thousands of federal security force members deployed across the southern border region – before adding that authorities also have a responsibility to help them and seek a solution to the issues they face.

Migrants leave Tapachula Saturday morning.
Migrants leave Tapachula Saturday morning.

“The United States has to provide scholarships and allow temporary work visas for Central Americans,” he said at an event in Chiapas.

“This doesn’t affect them at all because labor is needed in the United States and in Canada. They don’t have [a sufficient] workforce and have an older population. How will [the United States] grow if there’s no workforce?”

López Obrador said earlier this year that the United States should issue temporary visas to Central Americans who worked in an expanded version of a tree planting employment scheme called Sembrando Vida (Sowing Life). But the United States showed little interest in the proposal.

United States President Joe Biden’s arrival in the White House, along with ongoing insecurity and poverty in Central America, have contributed to a surge in migration to the United States this year. A monthly record of more than 212,000 would-be asylum seekers were detained by U.S. authorities after illegally crossing the border in July.

Biden has sought to wind back some of his predecessor’s harshest immigration policies but the United States Supreme Court last week upheld a lower court ruling that ordered the U.S. government to reinstate the so-called remain in Mexico policy that forces migrants to stay here as they await the outcome of their asylum claims.

A recent study by the human rights organization Human Rights First found that the U.S government is placing asylum seekers in “grave danger” by expelling them from the country, while the Biden administration has reportedly urged Mexico to clear makeshift migrant camps in northern border cities where expelled asylum seekers often end up.

With reports from Milenio, El País, Reforma and El Universal 

Hurricane Nora leaves trail of damage in six states; 1 person dead in Jalisco

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Hurricane damage in Puerto Vallarta.
Hurricane damage in Puerto Vallarta.

Hurricane Nora brought heavy rain and flooding to six states over the weekend and claimed at least one life in Jalisco after making landfall in that state on Saturday.

Downgraded to a tropical storm on Sunday, Nora lashed the Jalisco coast as a Category 1 hurricane with sustained winds of 130 kmh and gusts to 155. After making landfall in Jalisco the storm continued north to Nayarit and Sinaloa.

The United States National Hurricane Center said early Monday that Nora had dissipated but heavy rains from its remnants were expected to continue to spread northward and north-northwestward during the next couple of days. At 4:00 a.m. Monday, what remained of the storm system was about 105 kilometers southeast of Los Mochis, Sinaloa.

Some of Nora’s worst damage occurred in Puerto Vallarta, where a 13-year-old boy died and at least one other person was missing.

Jalisco Governor Enrique Alfaro reported Sunday that the teenager, identified as Curro Prados Asencio, died due to the partial collapse of a downtown Puerto Vallarta hotel that was affected by the flooded Cuale River. Three other members of the boy’s family were in the hotel when it collapsed but were rescued.

Hurricane Nora: Road and building collapse in Puerto Vallarta
Floodwaters in Puerto Vallarta after Hurricane Nora passed through the area on Saturday.

“[We extend] our support and deepest condolences to his family, who arrived at our port from Spain seven years ago, and his loved ones,” Alfaro wrote on Twitter.

The flooding of the Cuale River was the worst in 50 years, the newspaper El Universal reported, and affected practically the entire downtown area of Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco’s premier tourist destination. A vehicle in which a woman was traveling was swept away by the floodwaters and its occupant presumably drowned. Authorities mounted a search mission but as of late Sunday the woman hadn’t been located.

The Pitillal River also broke its banks in Puerto Vallarta, with floodwaters sweeping away at least three homes and causing damage to countless others. Residents of the Río Pitillal neighborhood were evacuated and taken to a temporary shelter.

Nora also caused a landslide on state highway 429, Jalisco authorities reported. Two men were reported missing after the event while a third man was rescued by Civil Protection authorities and the army. Some roads in Jalisco, and in other states, were cut off due to flooding, fallen trees and landslides.

In Cihuatlán, a southern Jalisco municipality on the border with Colima, about 500 homes were affected by floodwaters after the El Pedregal arroyo overflowed.

Other states where heavy rain and/or flooding was reported were Nayarit, Colima, Sinaloa, Michoacán and Guerrero. There was also heavy surf on the coastlines of those states and six fishermen remained missing off the coast of Guerrero late Sunday.

Rescue workers at a hotel that collapsed in Puerto Vallarta.
Rescue workers at a hotel that collapsed in Puerto Vallarta.

Access to the airport in Manzanillo was cut off as were several other roads in Colima. The Sinaloa municipalities of Elota and Escuinapa were among the worst affected by the storm, and shelters were set up for residents in each location.

The ports of Mazatlán, San Blas and Puerto Vallarta were temporarily closed due to the passing of Nora, which lashed the Pacific coast just a week after Hurricane Grace wreaked havoc in Veracruz. More than 260,000 electricity customers in Jalisco, Nayarit, Colima and Michoacán lost power but service had been restored to 78% of them by Sunday, the Federal Electricity Commission said.

Northwestern states including Baja California Sur, Sonora and Durango are expected to receive heavy rainfall as the remnants of Nora continue to head north.

With reports from El Universal, El Economista, Puerto Vallarta News TV and Reforma 

Ancient art draws modern Japanese sculptors to Mexico

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sculpture by Ryuichi Yahagi
Sculpture by Ryuichi Yahagi from his series 'La señal del pétalo' (The Idea of the Petal).

There are three Japanese sculptors — Kiyoshi Takahashi, Hiroyuki Okumura and Ryuichi Yahagi — who never planned on making Mexico a fundamental part of their lives, but they did, and to the benefit of sculpture in Mexico and their adopted home of Veracruz.

I think a lot of us long-timers in Mexico can relate to that sentiment, but it might be odd to think that Mexico can have such a pull on people from so far away.

But there has been contact between Mexico and Asia since the early colonial period, including Japan through attempts to evangelize there.

This explains why a decent number of Japanese artists found their way to Mexico starting in the 20th century. Much of the credit belongs to Tamiji Kitagawa (1894–1989), who found himself in Mexico almost by accident in the late 1920s.

His artistic development was strongly influenced by Mexico’s muralism, a form he took back to Japan during World War II.

Tamiji Kitagawa and David Alfaro Siqueiros
Japanese artist Tamiji Kitagawa with David Alfaro Siqueiros in 1955.

He might have died an unknown eccentric but for a major exhibition of Mexican artwork held by the Tokyo National Museum in 1955, which made him instantly the country’s expert on Mexican art. This exhibition had a direct and indirect impact on many Japanese artists of the time, including sculptor Kiyoshi Takahashi (1925–1996).

For Takahashi, the main draw of Mexico was its pre-Hispanic heritage. According to researcher María Teresa Favela Fierro, one of the attractions for Japanese artists seems to be “the energy, the spirituality” that for these artists “… is fundamental, that “… pre-Columbian works are magical, intimate, related to man and his universe, trying to give an artistic expression to the concept of the divine.”

Takahashi came to Mexico in 1957 on a scholarship, making his way to Veracruz, drawn here in large part by the sculpting heritage of the Olmecs and others. Giant heads and other amazing feats in stone provided his basic inspiration, working from the Universidad Veracruzana in Xalapa in the 1960s.

His career reached its height with exhibitions at the Museum of Modern Art in Mexico City, a monumental sculpture for the 1968 Olympics and more. But in 1969, he decided to return to Japan. He would continue sculpting and teaching, but his glory days seemed to be behind him.

Although obscure in both countries, his work is better known in Mexico than in his native Japan. What he did do, however, perhaps unconsciously, was set off a chain reaction of Japanese art students who wanted to see Mexico for themselves.

One of these students is sculptor Hiroyuki Okumura, who met Takahashi in 1989 as a collaborator on a monumental sculpture in Japan’s Kanazawa prefecture.

sculpture by Kiyoshi Takahashi
“Sol” (Sun) by Kiyoshi Takahashi, a sculpture created for the 1968 Olympics, now located at the Ruta de la Amistad sculpture park in Mexico City. Imviann/Wikimedia Commons

“His (Takahashi’s) work impressed me. I felt I had to get to know the origin of its influence,” Okumura said. “First, I planned a short one-month trip to Mexico, and I devoted my time mainly to visiting the archaeological ruins of Teotihuacán, Monte Albán, Mitla, Palenque and Chichén Itzá, as well as museums.

“It was my first time out of Japan, and [that] I was in contact with another culture. It was something new to see the landscape, so wide open, after coming from such a small country. Mexico had no limits. The concept of space was very different and came to influence me very strongly.”

Okumura had no intention of making Mexico his permanent home, but over 30 years later, he is still in Mexico and still in Xalapa, the home of the university campus where Takahashi taught. He is a full-time sculptor, exhibiting primarily in Mexico and occasionally in the United States.

Mexico’s pre-Hispanic influences are evident in his work, but so is abstractionism, the next strongest current of Mexican art after muralism. According to Okumura, he has evolved away from pre-Hispanic influence in form but not spiritually.

Another important Japan-born artist in Xalapa is Ryuichi Yahagi. In Japan, he had contact with both Takahashi and Okumura and decided to visit Mexico in 1994 to see the archaeological sites and study Spanish.

But Yahagi says his decision to live and work in Veracruz comes primarily from what he found in this state rather than his connections to these two men. Yahagi is particularly drawn to Olmec sculpture, saying that later pre-Hispanic cultures focused on ceramics and not on the stone that he prefers.

Hiroyuki Okumura
Artist Hiroyuki Okumura in Xalapa.

He decided to live in Mexico a year later, but it was rough going initially. Several times, he had to return to Japan to earn money until he was able to open a Japanese restaurant in Xalapa that also served as a gallery for his work.

Since then, he has been able to create a stable career both as a producer and a researcher affiliated with the Universidad Veracruzana.

One interesting effect that Mexico has had on his work is that practical considerations have forced him to think about stone sculpture in different ways. He lacks access to heavy machinery that allowed him to work with stone weighing up to 30 tons in Japan. He has had to learn to get his expressions across at a smaller scale.

For all three sculptors, the reason to come and live in Mexico was purely cultural, all of them particularly impressed with pre-Hispanic art. This may seem odd given that the Olmecs and the like are so far removed both geographically and chronologically from modern Japan. But I’m reminded of a comment made by a former classmate of mine from China upon seeing a sculpture of the pre-Hispanic deity Quetzalcóatl for the first time:

“It looks like a Chinese dragon.”

Leigh Thelmadatter arrived in Mexico 18 years ago and fell in love with the land and the culture in particular its handcrafts and art. She is the author of Mexican Cartonería: Paper, Paste and Fiesta (Schiffer 2019). Her culture column appears regularly on Mexico News Daily.

It’s all in the name: You say guayaba, I say guava

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guavas
Guavas around the world come in more than 150 varieties. Their seeded flesh can be found in colors ranging from pale whitish-green to rosy pink.

First things first: guavas and guayabas are the same thing. Here in Mexico, they’re guayabas. In English-speaking countries, they’re guavas.

There are more than 150 kinds, each with slightly different skin and flesh colors; the variety most commonly eaten is known as the “apple guava.”

Guavas grow easily and plentifully in the tropics: India, Africa, Central and South America, the Caribbean, Australia and, of course, Mexico. They’re as plentiful in those countries as apples are elsewhere and can be eaten the same way, skin and all.

They have a distinctive flavor and aroma that’s almost floral, and when checking for ripeness, you want to be able to smell that sweetness. The skin of a ripe guava lightens in color, changing from dark green to a lighter green and then to yellow, sometimes with a pinkish tint.

They’ll also feel a bit soft to the touch when ripe. Leave green guavas in a bowl at room temperature to ripen. The interior seeded flesh varies from a pale whitish-green to a beautiful rosy pink.

Guava water
Easy to whip up, fresh guava water is a common homemade beverage in Mexican homes.

Chances are you’ve seen bars of dark red guayaba paste for sale in your local mercado or grocery store. Because of its high pectin content, guayaba cooks down into a sweet, gelatinous almost-solid paste that lends itself well to baking, especially paired with cream cheese in pies or cookies; for making jams, jellies and glazes or just for serving in slices as part of a cheese plate or a simple dessert.

Some of these recipes call for guayaba paste and others for the fresh fruit. Guayaba paste can be found, canned or fresh, in rectangular bars in the section of your market where you’d buy dried fruits and nuts.

Guava Agua Fresca

  • 1 lb. guavas, washed, stem ends cut off and quartered
  • ¾-1 cup sugar, depending on sweetness of guavas
  • 6 cups water, divided
  • Optional: fresh mint or rosemary sprigs

Place fruit in blender with sugar and 2 cups water. Process until puréed. Strain into pitcher, add remaining water. Adjust sweetness. Serve chilled over ice, garnished with mint or rosemary springs.

Guava BBQ Sauce

guava barbecue sauce
Use guava paste and dark rum to make yourself an unforgettable barbecue sauce.
  • 1 cup cold water
  • 1 cup guava paste
  • ⅓ cup apple cider vinegar
  • ¼ cup dark rum
  • ¼ cup tomato paste
  • ¼ cup fresh lime/lemon juice
  • 2 Tbsp. minced onion
  • 1 Tbsp. minced fresh ginger root
  • 1 Tbsp. soy sauce
  • 2 tsp. ketchup
  • 2 tsp. Worcestershire sauce
  • 2 cloves garlic, minced
  • ¼ serrano, jalapeno or habanero pepper (or to taste), minced
  • Salt and pepper to taste

In a saucepan, mix water, guava paste, vinegar, rum, tomato paste, lemon/lime juice, onion, ginger, soy sauce, ketchup, Worcestershire sauce, garlic and chiles. Bring to a simmer over medium-high heat, whisking until blended. Season with salt and pepper.

Reduce heat to medium-low. Simmer, stirring, until sauce thickens, 10–15 minutes. (Sauce should be pourable.) Thin with water if needed. Serve hot or cold.

Guava Cookie Bars

Crust:

  • 1 cup unsalted butter
  • ½ cup sugar
  • 1 tsp. salt
  • 2 cups flour
  • 16 oz. guava paste, cut in ¼-inch thick slices

Topping:

  • 1 cup whole oats
  • ½ cup unsalted butter, diced
  • ½ tsp. salt
  • ½ cup grated piloncillo or brown sugar
  • 1 cup flour

Grease 8 x 8-inch baking pan. Preheat oven to 350 F.

Directions for crust: Beat butter and sugar until fluffy; add salt and flour. Mix until dough comes together. Press dough evenly into prepared pan. Lay guava paste slices close together on top of dough, covering evenly.

Directions for topping: With a food processor or mixer, combine oats, butter, salt and sugar; add flour, then pulse until mixture resembles wet sand. Sprinkle evenly over dough.

Bake until top is golden, about 45 minutes. Cool completely before cutting into bars.

Guava cookie bars
Guava naturally has a lot of pectin, adding flavor and texture to these easy-to-make cookie bars.

Guava and Cream Cheese Pastelitos

 In Brazil, the delectable combination of guava and cream cheese is known as “Romeo and Juliet.”

  • Flour for dusting counter
  • 2 sheets (one 17.3-ounce package) frozen puff pastry, thawed according to package instructions
  • 8 oz. cream cheese, softened, cut into small pieces
  • 6 Tbsp. sour cream
  • 1 Tbsp. lemon juice
  • ½ tsp. salt
  • 8 oz. guava paste, cut into ¼-inch cubes
  • 2 egg yolks

Preheat oven to 400 F. Line two rimmed baking sheets with parchment. Lightly dust counter and rolling pin with flour. Roll each puff pastry sheet to a 12-inch square. Cut each into quarters to make four 6-inch squares.

Beat cream cheese, ¼ cup sour cream, lemon juice and salt until light and fluffy. Place 2 Tbsp. cream cheese mixture at center of each pastry square. Evenly distribute guava paste cubes among pastry squares, on top of cream cheese mixture.

In small bowl, beat egg yolks and remaining 2 Tbsp. sour cream. Brush edges of each square with egg wash, then fold squares diagonally to form triangles. Seal edges by pressing them with tines of a fork. Brush tops of pastries with egg wash. Place pastelitos on prepared baking sheets about 1½ inches apart.

Bake 12–15 minutes until puffed and golden. Cool and serve.

Mango-Salmon Tacos with Guava Peanut Sauce

Use canned or fresh guava juice.

  • Olive oil cooking spray
  • 2 (6 oz.) salmon fillets
  • 1 mango, peeled and cut into 4 pieces
  • 3 Tbsp. guava juice
  • 3 Tbsp. soy sauce
  • 2 Tbsp. peanut butter
  • 2 Tbsp. white sugar
  • 4 (6-inch) corn tortillas
  • Garnish: Minced onions, cilantro

Preheat oven to 350 F. Spray large piece of foil with cooking spray; place salmon on top. Lay 2 mango pieces over each salmon filet.

Carefully wrap, folding foil around salmon; transfer to baking sheet.

Bake 30–40 minutes until salmon flakes easily with a fork. Cool about 5 minutes. Flake salmon into pieces and chop mango. In a blender, combine guava juice, soy sauce, peanut butter and sugar until smooth.

Heat tortillas on a comal or in microwave. Make tacos with salmon, mango, onion and cilantro.  Drizzle with peanut sauce and serve.

Janet Blaser is the author of the best-selling book, Why We Left: An Anthology of American Women Expatsfeatured on CNBC and MarketWatch. She has lived in Mexico since 2006. You can find her on Instagram at @thejanetblaser.

Interurban train links Coahuila, Nuevo León and US border in Tamaulipas

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A train link to the border might ease traffic on highways running from northeastern Mexico to the United States.
A rail link to the border might ease traffic on busy highways running from northeastern Mexico to the United States.

The federal government is planning to launch an interurban train service to link Coahuila and Nuevo León to the border with the United States at Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas.

The passenger and freight train project will be divided into two sections, both of which will use existing rail infrastructure, according to the newspaper El Universal, which had access to government planning documents.

The first section will run just over 50 kilometers between Ramos Arizpe, a Coahuila municipality just north of the state capital Saltillo, and García, a Nuevo León municipality about 40 kilometers northwest of Monterrey. Both municipalities are industrial hubs.

Another 265-kilometer-long stretch of railroad is slated to connect Monterrey to Nuevo Laredo, located across the border from Laredo, Texas.

The Rail Transport Regulatory Agency will launch a tendering process to find companies to carry out pre-investment studies for both sections in January 2022. Those studies, which the government wants to be completed by the end of next year, are expected to cost 100 million pesos (about US $5 million), funds that will likely be announced in next month’s budget papers.

railway line
Section 1 between Coahuila and Nuevo León. el universal
railway line
Section 2 between Nuevo León and Tamaulipas. el universal

The entire project is also expected to be formally announced in the budget to be delivered by the Finance Ministry on September 8.

A train link to the border will help take pressure off clogged highways running from northeastern Mexico to the United States and generate environmental benefits, according to documents seen by El Universal.

The government is also considering establishing a passenger train service in the metropolitan area of Saltillo.

Earlier this year, the Ministry of Communications and Transportation requested funding of 36.1 million pesos (US $1.8 million) from the Finance Ministry to carry out six pre-investment studies related to the development of a suburban train line that would run 54 kilometers between the Derramadero industrial area south of Saltillo and Ramos Arzipe.

With reports from El Universal 

AMLO trapped, Anaya under fire: the week at the president’s press conferences

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lopez obrador
The president stuck behind a teachers' blockade in Chiapas on Friday.

In an attempt to kick back, President López Obrador had spent the weekend in Palenque, Chiapas. Surrounded by jungle, home to some of the country’s finest Mayan architecture, AMLO has always had a strong connection to the historic site that neighbors his home state of Tabasco.

He has even declared that once his term is up, he will play no further role in politics, and will instead lead a quiet life there on a ranch.

Monday

“Unfortunately, it wasn’t a good weekend,” AMLO conceded. Hurricane Grace had turned deadly and taken 11 lives in Veracruz and Tabasco, while at least five had died after a fire on a Pemex offshore platform in Campeche Bay.

Meanwhile, political rival Ricardo Anaya, the National Action Party’s (PAN) former presidential candidate, had announced Monday he was leaving the country to avoid a date with the Attorney General’s Office, having been accused of corruption.

“He accuses me of pursuing him … and that is a lie,” the president said. The legal accusations against him, he added, were made by people from his own party and the former head of Pemex. He read his response: “I have nothing to do with the persecution that Ricardo Anaya supposes, I have nothing to do with it, revenge is not my strength.”

That wasn’t the only political accusation flying on Monday: the three parties of the opposition, PAN, the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) and the Democratic Revolution Party (PRD) had announced they would go to the Organization of American States (OAS), headquartered in Washington, D.C., to complain about the influence of organized crime in the June 6 election. Was AMLO worried?

“No, no, no, not remotely, no, no. I understand them, they are very desperate.”

Tuesday

Several healthcare workers were given their moment on Tuesday when they were handed a Miguel Hidalgo award for extraordinary service during the pandemic.

Sixty-three percent of people over 18 had been vaccinated, Deputy Health Minister Hugo López-Gatell informed in his update, and for the third consecutive week COVID-19 cases had fallen.

Chiapas Governor Cruz
Chiapas Governor Cruz fills in for the president Friday in Tuxtla Gutiérrez.

AMLO announced that an International Monetary Fund stimulus package of US $12.5 billion would be used to pay off debt. “These resources are not going to be used for any other activity, but for debt repayment,” he confirmed.

After the conference it was off to Córdoba, Veracruz, to celebrate 200 years since the Treaty of Córdoba, which established Mexican independence from Spain. The president of Ecuador, Guillermo Lasso, would also attend. Then, a meeting in Xalapa was planned to discuss the damage by Hurricane Grace before a flyover inspection of Veracruz, Puebla and Hidalgo.

Wednesday

Xalapa was the venue for Wednesday’s conference. State Governor Cuitláhuac García reported that Hurricane Grace entered Veracruz as a Category 3 hurricane Saturday, with wind speeds of 200 kilometers per hour.

Head of the Federal Electricity Commission (CFE), Manuel Bartlett, explained that service had been affected at 868,996 homes in the states of Veracruz, Puebla, Tlaxcala, Hidalgo and San Luis Potosí.

“This is a demonstration of the importance of the CFE,” said AMLO. “Where is [private Spanish energy provider] Iberdrola at a time like this?”

The seemingly unavoidable Ricardo Anaya entered the conference once more. “He made agreements with everyone … with [president] Peña … he felt very powerful and betrayed Peña, that’s the truth,” said the president.

It would be a long way home after the conference. The weather conditions were too volatile to fly, so it was to be a road trip. Luckily, AMLO has often touted the benefits of keeping one’s feet on the ground.

Thursday

Free books headed the conference on Thursday. The 21 for 21 project is the biggest of its kind in the history of Latin America, according to Francisco Ignacio Taibo, head of a state-affiliated publisher.
One hundred thousand copies of 21 history, philosophy, poetry titles and novels would be published and distributed free.

For the fake news report, Ana Elizabeth García took her place on the podium a day later than usual. She confirmed that the infamous Ricardo Anaya was not being persecuted, the dissolution of Natural Disaster Fund (Fonden) had not hurt relief efforts and the Dos Bocas refinery in Tabasco had not flooded, all contrary to media reports.

Girls in Guerrero, posed a journalist, were being sold into marriage, many before reaching sexual fertility.

The president hands out awards to healthcare workers.
The president presents an award to a healthcare worker.

“That is why we are looking for a transformation, which is not only material … but in the well-being of the soul, to encourage a new way of thinking to strengthen cultural, moral and spiritual values,” replied the president, before denying that such practices were down to the indigenous governing code, known in political parlance as usos y costumbres.

In other book-related news, the president’s new work, A la mitad del camino (Halfway There), would be released on the weekend.

Friday

The conference was broadcast from a military base in Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, on Friday. However, there was a notable absence: the president had been halted on the road near the venue by members of the CNTE teachers union.

In his absence, Governor Rutilio Cruz Escandón took the reins. Despite the apparent disruption, he detailed the the state’s success in tackling crime: the second lowest rates in the country. Escandón added that 15,000 migrants entering Chiapas had been “rescued” by state authorities.

Security Minister Rosa Icela Rodríguez and Defence Minister Luis Cresencio Sandoval played for time, before word of the president arrived about an hour into the conference.

Appearing on screen from inside a vehicle, still wearing a seatbelt, AMLO explained the predicament: “… I was about to arrive … but at the entrance to the barracks a group of teachers from the Chiapas CNTE prevented our entry under the condition that we had to attend to them immediately and resolve their demands,” he said.

“I can’t allow this because the president of Mexico cannot be a hostage of anyone. I can’t yield to any vested interest group so I decided to stay here. I’m not going to enter by force,” he added.

Nonetheless, the president insisted that his planned tour of Chiapas was not going to be curtailed. The afternoon would take him to San Cristóbal, and then on to Comitán. On Saturday he would travel to the Guatemalan border at Motozintla, Huixtla and Tapachula, before heading back to Mexico City on Sunday.

He extended a familiar and apt phrase before signing off. “Juárez said: ‘Nothing by force, everything by reason and law.’ An affectionate hug to everyone.”

Mexico News Daily