Editor’s note: Mexico’s population has surpassed 130 million, even as fertility rates fall—a reminder that population growth and demographic change can unfold together. In this edition, we examine what those shifts mean for the country’s future and explore economist Valeria Moy’s argument that Mexico’s demographic dividend is an opportunity, not a guarantee. A large working-age population can support economic growth, but turning that potential into prosperity requires the right conditions. Together, these articles ask whether Mexico is making the most of its demographic advantage—and how it should prepare for what comes next.
MND Staff
Mexico’s population hit 130.9 million in late 2025, INEGI reports — up 3.9% since 2020, even as the fertility rate fell sharply to 1.2.
Mexico remains a young country and maintains its demographic dividend — but it is being depleted faster than we had anticipated, writes Valeria Moy.
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