The chairman of the Senate Justice Committee, Julio Menchaca, told the newspaper El Financiero that the marijuana business “is a multibillion-peso industry.”
“. . . I spoke with Finance Secretary [Arturo Herrera] and he told me that his office calculates 18 billion pesos” is what legalization could mean in tax revenues in 2020, Menchaca said.
Such projections give lawmakers less worry about the budget for the creation of the Mexican Cannabis Institute, which is expected to be up and running by January 1, 2021.
Senator Menchaca said that a number of Senate committees have hastened efforts to get the bill passed on the Senate floor this week.
Meanwhile, Senate President Mónica Fernández is soliciting the Supreme Court for an extension of a few days to approve the recreational use of cannabis, the deadline for which was October 24.
Menchaca highlighted that the preliminary documentation of the law circulated last week establishes the legalization of the plant in three domains: recreational, industrial and medical research.
He also said that the process of granting licenses should give preference to rural Mexican farmers over foreign businesses. However, after reading the documentation, he said “it appears to be interpreted the other way around.”
The cannabis institute will be responsible for coordinating the plant’s transition from the informal economy into legality. To do so, it will create mechanisms by which the national market will be supplied with cannabis plants and seeds.
It estimates that the number of recreational consumers of marijuana could reach 7.2 million, which would represent as much as US $5 billion in annual sales.
President López Obrador, or AMLO as he is commonly known, is approaching the completion of his first year in office.
To help readers gain a better understanding of the man and his administration — from an alphabetical standpoint, at least — Mexico News Daily has prepared a glossary of common key words and phrases of the president and his government during their first 10 ½ months in office.
Formerly the official residence of the president, it was converted into a cultural center open to the public after López Obrador decided not to move in to the opulent Mexico City mansion.
Los Pinos: from presidential home to cultural complex.
During the presidential campaign, AMLO claimed that Los Pinos “has bad vibes and is haunted” because of the corrupt past presidents who lived there. However, allowing common people to enter shortly after he took office cleansed it, he declared.
The presidential initially lived in his own home in southern Mexico City but more recently moved into an apartment within the National Palace, the seat of executive power.
M is for Morena:
The Movimiento Regeneración Nacional (National Regeneration Movement), or Morena, is the president’s leftist political party.
López Obrador founded Morena in 2011 as a non-profit organization but it wasn’t until 2014 that it was registered as a political party. Its rise has been meteoric.
Morena governors are now in power in five states, while federally the party leads a three-party coalition that has a majority in both houses of Congress, meaning that the government faces limited opposition to its legislative agenda.
The party’s slogan is La Esperanza de México (The Hope of Mexico).
N is for National Guard:
Officially inaugurated on June 30 and deployed nationally at the start of July, the National Guard is the centerpiece of the federal government’s national security plan.
The creation of the new security force was heavily criticized by human rights groups, which argued that its deployment would only perpetuate the failed militarized crimefighting strategy implemented by past president Felipe Calderón and continued by Enrique Peña Nieto.
The guard, which has a civilian command but a large number of former soldiers in its ranks, has been deployed to 150 regions across Mexico but has not made much of an impact in terms of reducing homicide numbers.
Interior Secretary Olga Sánchez said this month that she was confident that the Guard would achieve positive results in the fight against violence and security “very soon” but stressed that municipal and state police forces also must be strengthened in order to pacify the country.
National Guard, crimefighting security force.
O is for otros datos (other data):
Yo tengo otros datos (I have other data) is a phrase the president has used on repeated occasions when challenged with statistics or other information that is critical of him or his government.
Statistics show infrastructure spending is down? AMLO has otros datos. Unemployment is up . . . the president has otros datos. Economic growth is screeching to a halt? Guess what: López Obrador has “other data.”
P is for PRD:
López Obrador ran for president twice as the candidate for the Democratic Revolution Party, or PRD, losing to Felipe Calderón in 2006 and Enrique Peña Nieto in 2012.
He also represented the left-of-center party as Mexico City mayor between 2000 and 2005.
The split between AMLO and the PRD was said to be amicable but in 2014, the former accused the latter of treason because of its support for the Pact for Mexico, the multi-party agreement that was steered by the administration of President Peña Nieto.
In turn, the PRD hasn’t been shy of criticizing López Obrador now that he holds the most powerful position in the country.
The party said the president was undoing reforms implemented over the past 30 years that were designed to keep the power of the state in check.
Q is for quirky turns of phrase:
Prensa fifí (posh or elitist press): An umbrella term the president uses to describe media that is critical of him or his government. López Obrador often refers to Mexico City-based newspaper Reforma as prensa fifí and just last week clashed with one of its reporters when asked whether he would concede that the government’s security strategy is a failure.
AMLO and the prensa fifí.
Me canso ganso (I’m tired goose): Used by the president to indicate that he is as good as his word. The phrase was used by legendary Mexican actor Germán Valdés, or Tin Tan, in the 1947 film Niño Perdido.
Abrazos, no balazos (hugs, not bullets): An encapsulation of the government’s security strategy. AMLO uses the phrase to assert that the government is not like its predecessors and won’t be drawn into fighting “fire with fire.”
La Mafia del Poder (The mafia of power): A term used by the president to describe corrupt politicians and the nation’s self-serving business elite who he claims have colluded to the detriment of everyday Mexicans.
Limpiar las escaleras de arriba abajo (Clean the stairs from top to bottom): If you hear AMLO utter this phrase, he’s talking about eliminating corruption from all parts of the government.
R is for revocation of mandate:
The Senate approved a change to the constitution this month that allows López Obrador to hold a revocation of mandate vote three years into his presidency. That means that Mexicans will have the opportunity to vote AMLO out of office halfway through his term.
When López Obrador first floated the idea of subjecting his rule to a vote after three years, opposition lawmakers claimed that the proposal was a part of a ploy to enable him to perpetuate his power.
To quell doubts, he signed a written undertaking in March that he will not seek re-election at the end of his term in 2024, declaring that six years is enough time to “eradicate corruption and impunity.”
S is for social media:
Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, YouTube: AMLO is on all of them.
The president has a combined total of 15 million followers, friends and subscribers across the four popular social media platforms and uses them frequently to communicate with citizens and cultivate his political persona.
The president’s morning press conferences, or mañaneras, are broadcast live on YouTube and López Obrador often posts photos and videos to social media of himself at work, addressing rallies, traveling around the country and speaking to ordinary Mexicans.
Millions watch the morning press conference on AMLO’s YouTube channel.
One recent video showed the president chatting to a father and son filling potholes on a rural road in Puebla. In another, he appears seaside in Ensenada and in the space of eight minutes, talks up his agenda to transform Mexico, criticizes past “neoliberal” governments and professes his “love for the people.”
The president also has an army of supporters – and bots – who carry out a hate-filled social media campaign against reporters who dare to criticize or question him or who are deemed to be out of step with the Fourth Transformation.
T is for Tabasco:
The president’s home state. López Obrador was born in Macuspana, a municipality southeast of the state capital, Villahermosa, in 1953.
AMLO can thank Tabasco for his second most common nickname, ElPeje. The pejelagarto, a kind of garfish, is common in the state.
The president cut his political teeth in Tabasco with the Institutional Revolutionary Party, working as a state delegate to the National Indigenous Institute and a campaign director for a gubernatorial candidate, among other roles.
Opposition lawmakers accused the president of giving preferential treatment to his home state after Tabasco Governor Adán Augusto López Hernández announced in May that his government had reached an agreement with the Federal Electricity Commission to cancel 11 billion pesos in debt owed by more than 520,000 people. The president played an integral role in the deal, he said.
U is for the United States:
Mexico’s relationship with the United States, the country’s largest trading partner, hit close to rock bottom during the presidency of Enrique Peña Nieto, mainly as a result of U.S. President Trump’s plan to build a border wall and his characterization of Mexican migrants as undesirables.
Despite their political polarization, López Obrador and Trump have maintained a largely cordial relationship although they have never met in person. However, the bilateral relationship hasn’t been all smooth sailing since AMLO took office.
Trump threatened to slap blanket tariffs on all Mexican imports earlier this year if Mexico didn’t do more to stop illegal immigration to the northern border. AMLO agreed to deploy the National Guard to step up enforcement against migrants and to accept the return of asylum seekers as they await the outcome of their claims in the United States.
Some observers concluded that the government’s concessions to the U.S. had turned Mexico into Trump’s long-promised wall.
Trump’s wall?
V is for violence:
The foremost challenge facing the López Obrador administration is to combat the record high levels of violence plaguing the country. Mexico is currently on track to record more homicides this year than in 2018, which with more than 33,000 murders was the most violent year on record.
The president came under fire this week from opposition lawmakers for failing to keep a promise made in April to improve the security situation in six months. Despite the statistical evidence to the contrary, AMLO claims that his security strategy is working “very well.”
W is for welfare:
“For the good of all, the poor come first.”
Presenting his annual report in September, López Obrador said that his government is providing financial support to half of all households and nine out of 10 indigenous families. He also said that the elderly, the disabled, students and farmers are receiving greater financial support than before.
The Secretariat of Welfare is the successor to the Secretariat of Social Development, which was embroiled in corruption scandals during the previous government.
Not just one man but two. Claudio X. González Laporte, chairman of Kimberly-Clark México and a member of the influential Mexican Business Council, and his son, Claudio X. González Guajardo, a businessman and president of the anti-graft group Mexicans Against Corruption and Impunity (MCCI), are outspoken critics of López Obrador.
The latter has been critical of AMLO from the first day of his presidency, asserting that his inauguration speech presented “a “retrograde, statist, interventionist [and] obsolete [economic] vision” that would have “very bad” consequences.
The president blasted the MCCI last month, claiming that it was carrying out a campaign of “sabotage” against his administration. The group is part of the #NoMásDerroches (No More Waste) collective that launched legal action against the Santa Lucía airport.
González, father and son, are outspoken critics.
Both González and the MCCI are pro-corruption and conservatives, López Obrador said.
López Obrador has accused González Laporte of participating in what he calls “the electoral fraud of 2006” when he narrowly lost the presidency to Felipe Calderón.
The Yucatán peninsula will be home to one of the government’s largest infrastructure projects, the Maya Train. López Obrador says that its construction and operation will provide a major economic boost for the southeast of Mexico.
But experts have warned that that construction of the railway poses environmental risks to the region’s underground water networks and the long-term survival of the jaguar.
Yucatán peninsula indigenous groups have rejected the project, claiming that it will bring no benefits to them. They also challenged the name of the train, declaring that “there’s nothing Mayan about it.”
The president said this week that he could hold another event in the zócalo on December 1 to celebrate the end of his first year in power and provide an update on the progress of the government.
“It would be a ceremony, a report but there’ll be no shortage of musicians,” López Obrador said.
“Why wouldn’t we have music? It will be a report but there could be bands . . . and the party animals that want to come won’t be lacking.”
Rarámuri activist Carrillo, one of 12 environmentalists murdered this year.
Mexico has grown increasingly more dangerous for environmental activists in recent years, according to the organizations Amnesty International and Global Witness.
The latter says the spike began in 2017 when the number of murdered activists rose to 15 from three the year before. In 2018, the organization documented 14 murdered environmentalists.
In the first nine months of 2019, Amnesty International has documented at least 12 murders of people working to protect the environment in Mexico.
Amnesty International’s Americas director Erika Guevara-Rosas said “the brave defenders of the land, territory and environment face constant danger in Mexico.”
She called for President López Obrador to publicly recognize activists for “their invaluable contribution to the protection of natural resources,” and insisted that the government take forceful action to guarantee them safe working conditions.
On the anniversary of the murder of Rarámuri activist Julián Carrillo, the organization made an official statement to the government pleading for action.
“One year after the death of indigenous Rarámuri leader Julián Carrillo, the Mexican authorities should carry out an exhaustive investigation to determine who is responsible for his death and in all cases of attacks against [environmental activists],” it said in a press release.
Carrillo was murdered on October 24, 2018 in his hometown of Coloradas de la Virgen, Chihuahua. He had previously been threatened and harassed for defending ancestral land in the Sierra Tarahumara, and at least five of his family members had been murdered in previous years.
“After a year, the Mexican authorities still haven’t tried those responsible for Carrillo’s death. As of now, two people have been detained and are being investigated, but they still haven’t determined responsibility,” said Amnesty International.
The organization’s executive director in Mexico, Tania Reneaum, said Carrillo was murdered despite being ostensibly protected by a Mexican government program that offers protection to human rights workers and journalists. She said the situation is serious and that the mechanism needs reviewing.
“The fight for the rights of the land and against indiscriminate exploitation of natural resources, carried out by defenders of land and territory, deserves all of our solidarity and support, given our fundamental obligation to leave a healthy environment for future generations,” she said.
This is the kind of display you can expect to see at the 'Altar of altars' exhibition in Mexico City's zócalo.
With Day of the Dead celebrations coming up next week, preparations are well under way in Mexico City, including the planning of two distinct parades and the creation of altars, or ofrendas.
Here are five of the latter that might be well worth a visit.
The Emilio “El Indio” Fernández House Museum in Coyoacán
The house of the legendary actor and director from Mexico’s golden age of cinema, close to downtown Coyoacán, will be the site of a huge altar in honor of Mexican film directors.
The ofrenda will be inaugurated on October 31 at 5:00pm, and will be open to visitors for the first three weekends in November, from noon to 8:00pm. Admission costs 80 pesos (US $4).
The cemetery at San Andrés Mixquic comes alive for Day of the Dead.
Zócalo
Mexico City’s central plaza will host the “Altar of altars” exhibition, designed by set director Vladimir Maislin Topete. The exhibition brings together four ofrendas: one traditional to the Yaqui people of northwestern Mexico, one of the Maya people, another from the Huasteca region and a fourth from the state of Michoacán.
There will also be a light and sound show that will celebrate the diverse Day of the Dead traditions that exist in different parts of the country. The exhibition will open on October 27, will be inaugurated on November 1, and will be open until November 11. Entrance is free.
Anahuacalli Museum
This museum of pre-Hispanic art designed by Diego Rivera will be site of the 10th annual Cacao For Everyone Festival. Between November 1 and 3, there will be workshops, lectures, exhibitions and samples of cacao and cacao products. Entrance to the festival is free, but if you want to make a visit to the museum, admission is 70 pesos. The museum is located at Museo 150, Colonia San Pablo Tepetlapa, Alcaldía Coyoacán 04620.
Dolores Olmedo Museum
This museum is located on the property of art collector Dolores Olmedo, a contemporary of Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo, in the borough of Xochimilco. It is hosting an ofrenda honoring the work of the architects, engineers and construction workers who built Mexico City. The altar was inaugurated on October 5 and will remain standing until December 29.
On November 2, visitors can participate in a catrina costume contest, with costumes that should relate to the theme of the ofrenda. The museum is open from Tuesday to Sunday, from 10:00am to 6:00pm, and admission costs 50 pesos. The museum is located at Avenida México 5843, Colonia La Noria, Alcaldía Xochimilco 16030.
San Andrés Míxquic
When you visit this small town in the Tláhuac borough of Mexico City you won’t believe that you’re still in the capital. The Day of the Dead celebration in San Andrés Míxquic is one of the most traditional in the entire city. Starting at dusk on November 1, the tradition begins with the lighting of candles and performances by mariachis, and culminates on the evening of November 2 when all the candles of the pantheon are lit at the same time to illuminate the path of the dead.
While you’re in Míxquic, you can see the 18th-century church and the ruins of a pr-Hispanic temple. Entrance is free, and the events will take place at Plaza Juárez, Alcaldía Tláhuac 13640.
The Mexican carrier Volaris is now the leading domestic airline, having carried the greatest number of passengers in the first eight months of the year.
The Federal Aviation Agency reports that from January to August, over 11.76 million domestic air travelers flew Volaris, accounting for 30% of all domestic air traffic and putting the airline No. 1 among the country’s nine airlines.
Analysts attribute the airline’s rise to its ability to take advantage of the “turbulence” experienced by its primary competitors, Interjet and Aeroméxico, the latter of which posted a decline in the number of passengers flown.
“It can be considered to be the result of external factors, derived from the cancellation of Interjet flights due to the lack of personnel for certain routes,” said Brian Rodríguez, an airline industry analyst at Monex Financial Group. “And from the decreased availability of Aeroméxico seats as a result of the suspension . . . of the Boeing 737 MAX 8 planes.”
Volaris recorded a 21.2% increase in the number of domestic passengers served in the first eight months while Viva Aerobus and Interjet reported gains of 20% and 4.4% respectively. Aeroméxico reported a 6.4% decrease.
The double-digit growth of the airline founded and run by Enrique Beltranena can also be explained by a strong strategy to expand its domestic routes. In the first half of the year alone, Volaris began flying to 43 new destinations.
The airline also incorporated three new planes into its fleet.
Another wise move on the part of Volaris, according to Rodríguez, is the airline’s business model of “point-to-point” flights rather than “hub and spoke.” The former, he said, is more efficient.
Another factor cited was that Volaris’s fares are 14-34% cheaper than those of its competitors. For example, a flight from Mexico City to Mérida can cost anywhere from 2,446-3,155 pesos (US $128-$166) on a Viva Aerobus, Interjet or Aeroméxico flight. Volaris charges 2,098 pesos (US $ 110) for the route.
“Volaris has capitalized on the reduction of Aeroméxico’s capacity, particularly in the area of domestic passengers, and it has increased its market participation significantly,” said Marco Montañez, an analyst with Vector Financial Group.
Searchers at the site where the bodies were found.
A citizens’ search brigade says it found 42 bodies in the desert outside Puerto Peñasco, Sonora, on Thursday and Friday.
The Searching Mothers of Sonora, a group that has taken up the search for the disappeared victims of drug cartels in the absence of official efforts, located the bodies near the Puerto Peñasco-Caborca highway.
However, state officials have confirmed the discovery of only 13 or 14 bodies. The brigade tweeted later that the state Attorney General’s Office (FGJE) only helped recover 14 of the bodies, “leaving the rest to the animals.”
That accusation came despite a pledge by the FGJE that the brigade would no longer be alone in its efforts to find missing people in the area.
It promised protection during their search efforts, technical assistance from forensic experts, psychological attention and the support of the forensic sciences laboratory in order to perform DNA tests on the remains they find.
Strained relations between authorities and citizens’ search organizations, of which there are several across Mexico, are not uncommon due to inattention to the issue of missing persons by government. There are more than 40,000 people on the National Registry of Missing and Disappeared Persons, of whom many if not most were probably victims of organized crime.
The FGJE repeated a call for families with disappeared loved ones to submit DNA samples to its database in order to identify remains.
Although Puerto Peñasco has not seen as much violence as other parts of Mexico, the Sinaloa Cartel is known to operate in the tourist destination on the Gulf of California.
Last week’s search was the second carried out by the Searching Mothers of Sonora this year. In May, another search by the group turned up 18 bodies.
The criminal suspects arrested in San Miguel de Allende.
Seven of 10 suspected members of the Santa Rosa de Lima Cartel arrested in San Miguel de Allende last week were high-priority targets, according to state attorney general Carlos Zamarripa Aguirre.
“They are priority targets in the dismantling of a dangerous criminal group that maintained operations primarily in San Miguel de Allende [and neighboring communities],” he said.
They are also accused of at least two other murders in San Miguel in late September and early October, and are believed to have been behind a July 7 shooting at a taco stand that killed a couple and a young girl.
The arrests bring the total of high-priority detentions to 90 as a result of a coordinated operation against the cartel that began in March, Zamarripa said.
“We’ve been getting results, maybe not the ones we wanted, but in numbers, we have. We have arrested over 90 people from this group who were priority targets.”
Zamarripa announced in a press release the formation of a special task force to deal with armed attacks, extortion and high-impact homicides in the region.
In a meeting with local businesses in the tourism industry, he attempted to allay fears about insecurity in the city, one of Mexico’s most popular tourist destinations. He assured businesspeople that all levels of government will coordinate to maintain security in and around San Miguel.
According to state security official Sophia Huett López, authorities are closing in on Antonio “El Marro” Yépez Ortiz, leader of the Santa Maria de Lima Cartel.
Federal Security Secretary Alfonso Durazo was optimistic back in March, when he said the cartel boss would be captured “soon.”
Trees burn on the side of a road in Baja California.
Raging wildfires in Baja California have left four people dead, destroyed some 200 houses and burned over 7,000 hectares of meadow land.
The state government declared a state of emergency in Tecate, Playas de Rosarito and Ensenada and put Tijuana on pre-alert as a result of the deadly fires.
The Defense Secretariat (Sedena) has implemented the DNIII-E natural disaster emergency response plan and evacuated 1,645 people.
The fires began on Thursday and grew out of control as a result of the Santa Ana winds, which have been reaching speeds as high as 95 kilometers per hour. They have completely burned at least 70 houses in Tecate, 50 in Tijuana and over 30 in Rosarito.
“The most serious fire is the one . . . in Tecate, in which preliminary reports state that 70 houses have been destroyed,” said state Civil Protection director Antonio Rosquillas on Friday. “Unfortunately, two people there have died, two were wounded, and around 60 families affected.”
About 50 fires have been reported in four municipalities.
In Playas de Rosarito, where around 30 houses were completely burned, firefighters found a man and his dog burned to death in the bathroom of a house that was consumed by the flames.
Classes at public schools and universities in the affected cities were canceled on Friday, and police closed highways in the area that were covered in a thick layer of smoke.
Tijuana Mayor Arturo González Cruz believes the fires to have been started by a trash fire at an illegal dump site that grew out of control with the winds.
The federal Secretariat of Security and Citizens Protection (SSPC) reported Friday night that the National Forestry Commission (Conafor) had contained only 35% of the estimated 50 fires. It is not known how much of the region’s natural protected areas have been burned.
Eugenio Romero of award-winning brewery Wendlandt.
Baja California brewery Cervecería Wendlandt was named the best in Mexico at the latest edition of an annual beer competition that was held in Mexico City on Thursday.
The Ensenada-based brewery won the award for best large brewery at the Copa Cerveza competition held at the World Trade Center.
There was actually a tie in the category between Wendlandt and Mexicali brewery Cerveza Fauna but the former was awarded the prize because it won more gold medals for its beers.
It is the second time that Wendlandt has been named best large brewery in Mexico after winning the category in 2015, and it’s the sixth consecutive year that a Baja California brewery took the prize.
Three Wendlandt beers were awarded gold medals at this year’s Copa Cerveza: the American wheat ale Veraniega, the India pale ale (IPA) Perro del Mar and the imperial red ale Super Harry Polanco. The brewery also won a silver medal for its stout Foca Parlante.
Cerveza Fauna of Mexicali was a close second in the best brewery competition.
Wendlandt was established by Eugenio Romero in 2012 and grew quickly to become one of the biggest craft breweries not only in Baja California but all of Mexico. It continues to grow by sending its beer to more and more Mexican states and new markets abroad.
The brewery has two tap rooms in Ensenada and its brews are also available in bottles and on tap at craft beer bars in Mexico City and other large cities across the country.
Wendlandt is one of more than 200 craft breweries in Baja California, which is now the second largest producer of artisanal beer in the country behind only Jalisco.
In 2018, craft breweries in the state made 18.5 million hectoliters of beer, 15.5% of the total quantity of artisanal beer produced in Mexico. Over the past nine years, the industry has become an increasingly important part of the Baja California economy.
Rubén Roa Dueñas, director of the Metropolitan Center for Economic and Business Information, told the newspaper El Imparcial that 95% of the state’s craft breweries are in three municipalities: Tijuana, Mexicali and Ensenada. The other 5% are in Rosarito and Tecate.
Local beer producers say that two main factors have contributed to the rapid proliferation of craft breweries in Baja.
The first is that their product pairs well with the region’s gastronomic offerings, which have won national and international acclaim.
“People are searching for new flavors, new culinary experiences and that’s only achieved through a good combination of food and beverages,” said Raúl Aispiro, president of the Baja Brewers Association.
The second factor is proximity to the beer industry in California, particularly San Diego, which is known as the craft brewing capital of the United States. San Diego craft breweries such as Stone and Coronado have collaborated with Baja brewers to produce special edition beers.
Another magnet for beer lovers is the annual expo Cerveza México. The three-day event started at the Pepsi Center at Mexico City’s World Trade Center today and runs through Sunday.
Scores of craft brewers will have stalls and more than 900 different beers will be available for tasting at the event, which also features conferences at which attendees can learn about craft beer and the Mexican industry.
Clocks in most parts of Mexico will move back an hour this weekend when daylight saving time ends at 2:00am on Sunday.
The change applies to the whole country except for the states of Sonora and Quintana Roo and 33 municipalities along the northern border, which follow the United States’ daylight saving time schedule and will change on the first Sunday in November.
The municipalities are:
Tijuana, Mexicali, Ensenada, Playa Rosarito and Tecate in Baja California.
Juárez, Ojinaga, Ascención, Coyame del Sotol, Guadalupe, Janos, Manuel Benavides and Práxedis G. Guerrero in Chihuahua.
Acuña, Piedras Negras, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jiménez, Zaragoza, Nava and Ocampo in Coahuila.
Anáhuac and Los Aldama in Nuevo León.
Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa, Matamoros, Camargo, Guerrero, Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, Mier, Miguel Alemán, Río Bravo and Valle Hermoso in Tamaulipas.
