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Mayan language instruction will be obligatory in Yucatán schools

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Bilingualism a goal in Yucatán schools.
Bilingualism a goal in Yucatán.

The Yucatán state Congress has approved a law that will make Mayan language instruction a requirement in primary and secondary schools.

The law was passed unanimously with the intention of rescuing and preserving the region’s native tongue.

State Deputy Paulina Viana Gómez cited numbers from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (Inegi) that reveal that Yucatán has the most indigenous language speakers of any state in Mexico — more than 570,000, most of whom speak Mayan.

“Nevertheless, it is important to point out that the percentage of people that speak Mayan in the state has been decreasing constantly and drastically in recent years,” Inegi warned.

The institute explained that it was due to a lack of interest in creating public policies to rescue and strengthen the mother tongue.

The law will enter into force as soon as it is published in the state’s official record, but will not be implemented immediately. It will be applied gradually by the Yucatán Education Secretariat.

One reason for going slowly might be a shortage of teachers. Education authorities said in September there was a shortage of bilingual — Spanish and Mayan — teachers.

The state said it would attempt to remedy the situation by introducing a “seed group” of 20 primary-level bilingual teachers who would pass their skills on to at least another 40 teachers in a process that would fan out and prepare more teachers to help meet Mayan instruction goals.

Source: Milenio (sp)

Just 1 in 10 homicides were solved in 2018

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Another murder that will probably go unsolved
Another murder that will probably go unsolved.

Last year was another easy one in which to get away with murder: only one in 10 homicide cases were solved, a new study reveals.

Completed by the non-governmental organization Impunidad Cero (Zero Impunity), the study Impunity in Intentional Homicide in Mexico said that 89% of murders last year went unpunished.

The impunity rate began rising in 2008 after hitting a low of 54.7% in 2007, the study said. After remaining stable between 2010 and 2014, impunity started to increase again in 2015, a year in which there was a significant increase in homicides.

The impunity rate was 81.3% in 2015, 86.6% in 2016 and 89.5% in 2017 before declining 0.5% last year.

The high levels of impunity highlight “the limited capacity” of the criminal justice system to deter violent crime, Impunidad Cero said, adding that harsher penalties for homicide are pointless if arrest rates don’t increase.

At 99.6%, impunity for homicide was higher in Morelos than any other state. Chiapas was next with a rate of 99% followed by Oaxaca, Nayarit and Quintana Roo, where 97.8%, 97.7% and 96.6% of murders, respectively, went unpunished.

Eleven states had impunity rates higher than 91% last year while seven exceeded 95%. Four years ago, only three states were in the former category.

The lowest impunity rate was in Yucatán, where 27.1% of cases went unsolved. Aguascalientes had the next lowest rate at 45.5% followed by Nuevo León, Durango and Hidalgo, with rates of 61%, 64.8% and 71.7% respectively.

Impunity for homicides committed in Mexico City and Quintana Roo has increased more than 20 points since 2015 to 86.7% and 96.6% respectively, while the rate declined 13.8% in Nuevo León and 11% in Michoacán to 78.1%.

Impunidad Cero called on the federal government to prioritize improving the investigative capacity of the nation’s prosecutor’s offices. The offices are working with limited budgets and personnel, the NGO said.

The impunity that plagues Mexico extends to virtually all criminal activity. In a study published in September, Impunidad Cero said the probability of a crime being reported, investigated and solved is just 1.3%. 

Source: El Economista (sp) 

Chihuahua bus crash kills 13, injures 50

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The bus that left the road in Chihuahua Thursday morning.
The bus that left the road in Chihuahua Thursday morning.

A bus went off the highway near Delicias, Chihuahua, early Thursday morning leaving 13 people dead and 50 injured.

Initial reports said the driver lost control of the bus, operated by the company Tour Nómada, which went off the road between Delicias and Jiménez and rolled over.

State health authorities said the injured were taken to hospitals in the city of Delicias.

Units from the Red Cross and urban rescue departments of Meoqui, Saucillo and Delicias were mobilized to attend to the victims and transport them to hospitals.

Only five of the dead had been identified by Thursday afternoon. Authorities asked the public for help identifying the remaining eight deceased passengers.

Seventy passengers were aboard the vehicle.

Sources: El Financiero (sp), El Heraldo de Chihuahua (sp)

‘Tuberculosis out of control:’ cases have soared 140% this year

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Displaced people are at high risk of contracting TB.
Displaced people are at high risk of contracting TB.

Tuberculosis (TB) cases have more than doubled this year, triggering an urgent call from an academic for the government to carry out an information campaign to stop the disease spreading.

Data from the federal Secretariat of Health shows there were 40,244 reported cases of TB to the week ending November 23, a 140% increase compared to the 16,700 cases reported in all of 2018.

With 5,172 cases, Guerrero has been the worst affected state followed by Hidalgo, Veracruz, México state and Sinaloa.

Mario Luis Fuentes, a National Autonomous University professor and author of a paper entitled Warning: Tuberculosis is out of Control, said the national increase goes beyond “all expectations” and has put researchers on alert.

He said the forced displacement of people (a problem that is particularly prevalent in Guerrero) and a weakening of prevention strategies were among the factors that may have contributed to this year’s abnormally high outbreak.

“The statistical data speaks of an interruption in the positive trend that we were seeing and which today is broken,” Fuentes said.

TB is “a disease of poverty,” the academic said. “Behind it there is overcrowding [in homes], malnutrition and a life of marginalization. The figure we have [this year] hasn’t been seen for at least two decades . . .”

Fuentes said the government should urgently provide information to the public in order to combat and stop the expansion of the disease, which is spread through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes or spits.

“It has to be dealt with urgently. More than 2,200 people died last year, a figure that, for me, is excessive . . . They are deaths that shouldn’t happen . . .”

Source: Milenio (sp) 

Security strategy seeks to lure gangsters away from life of crime

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Police will offer incentives to youthful gangsters.
Police will offer incentives to youthful gangsters.

Mexico City police have created a program to try to lure young gangsters away from organized crime, according to information obtained by the newspaper Reforma.

Called Alto al Fuego (Stop the Fire), the strategy is a legal apparatus created to offer services and benefits to gang members who want to leave the life of crime.

“In all gangs there are always people who want to leave, they want to vindicate themselves, but they don’t do it out of fear of those above them or because they are getting paid,” said Santiago Pérez, a criminal lawyer with the citizen participation division of the city police.

“What we want is to reach them, offer them protection, services, something for their well-being and in the end, for them to leave and the gang to get smaller until the violence stops,” he said in a recording obtained by the newspaper.

The program will begin in the neighborhoods of Barrio Norte and Plateros, located in the southwest borough of Álvaro Obregón. The neighborhoods are considered to be those most affected by deaths caused by firearms.

“It is a strategy that has been implemented in other places with much success and we’re adapting it for here,” said police spokesman Emanuel Hernández.

A database has been created of gang members on whom the program will focus, which includes their names, addresses, relatives and criminal records.

Source: Reforma (sp)

Violence against women on the rise: malicious injury most common crime

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Protests against the violence have been almost ongoing, but so is the violence.
Protests against the violence have been almost ongoing, but so is the violence.

Mexico is set to record its worst ever year for femicides, statistics show, while several other crimes against women have trended upwards in recent months.

There were 809 victims of femicide – a hate crime involving the violent and deliberate killing of a woman or girl – between January and October, according to the National Public Security System (SNSP).

The figure is almost double the number recorded in all of 2015 and just 82 fewer than the 891 cases in 2018, the worst year ever for the crime.

Veracruz led the way with 147 victims, followed by 95 in México state, 58 in Nuevo León and 50 in both Puebla and Mexico City. The combined number of victims in the four states and the capital represents 49.5% of all femicides in the country this year.

Another 2,309 women were killed between January and October in crimes classified as murders rather than femicides.

If the same rate continues for the last two months of the year, the number of murders of women in 2019 will be virtually the same as 2018, a record 2,773.

The combined statistics for femicide and murder in the first 10 months of this year – which show that an average of 10 women were killed every day – indicate that 2019 is likely to go down as the most violent year ever for women in Mexico.

Four other crimes against females – malicious injury, kidnapping, trafficking of girls and extortion – all increased in the three-month period between August and October compared to the same period last year.

Once data for three other crimes – femicide, murder and trafficking of women – is added, statistics show that a total of 18,616 females were victims of the seven offenses in the three-month period.

Malicious injury was by the far the most common crime, accounting for 89% of victims.

Ana Yeli Pérez, a legal adviser at the National Citizens’ Observatory on Femicide, told the newspaper El Universal that the number of malicious injury cases tends to be high because authorities often place other crimes (such as rape) in the category.

“Malicious injury cases . . . make other kinds of violence [against women] invisible,” she said, adding that the incorrect reporting of crimes makes preventing aggression towards women more difficult.

Pérez said that recent women’s protests against violence are “an expression from the female population of being fed up” with the situation in the country.

She expressed confidence that the protests will help to reduce gender-based violence in the long run but added that President López Obrador also has an important role to play by ensuring that agencies such as the National Commission to Prevent and Eradicate Violence against Women are functioning as they should.

Sandy Muñoz Miranda, a researcher at the National Autonomous University who specializes in gender issues, said that violence against women remains high because even though Mexico has robust laws in the area, in many cases they are not correctly applied.

“We have new laws that are in force, what’s lacking is the awareness of public officials, they have an important role [in the justice system] . . .” she said.

Muñoz described the situation of violence against women in Mexico as “grave,” adding that “the reduction of crimes like harassment and rape has been very slow due to a lot of factors, among which is a lack of education.”

Source: El Universal (sp) 

Commando raids addictions treatment center, kidnaps 26 youths

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The addictions center from which youths were taken in Irapuato.
The addictions center from which youths were taken in Irapuato.

A commando of armed civilians broke into an addictions treatment center in Irapuato, Guanajuato, and kidnapped more than two dozen youths early Wednesday morning.

Initial reports indicate that the attackers were looking for one patient in particular, but took at least 26 in the raid.

Irapuato Mayor Ricardo Ortiz said the exact number was unknown.

“As of now, we have not established how many people were taken against their will, since some witnesses say that some fled on their own [during the attack],” said Police Chief Pedro Cortés Zavala.

Local police and the army were deployed to protect the rehabilitation center after the attack, which was carried out by some 20 to 30 men traveling in four trucks.

An unidentified source in the Attorney General’s Office said four other people were taken from nearby homes and two more were picked up on the street.

The state government said 150 state police officers would be deployed to Irapuato to support security efforts.

Irapuato is a particularly violent municipality in Guanajuato: 258 were murdered with firearms between January and October. There have been 368 investigations into home robberies and 240 for vehicle theft, although there was not a single case of kidnapping reported.

The Santa Rosa de Lima Cartel operates in the region.

Source: El Universal (sp), La Jornada (sp)

Toxi-tour caravan begins visits to Mexico’s pollution hot spots

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toxi-tour

Environmentalists and scientists from Mexico and abroad are touring some of the nation’s most polluted places to raise awareness about environmental problems and denounce companies that cause them.

The Toxi-Tour México caravan, made up of representatives from Mexican, United States, Latin American and European environmental, labor and scientific organizations, started its journey on Monday in El Salto, Jalisco, where industrial pollution in the Santiago river has been blamed for the deaths of more than 1,000 people from cancer and kidney failure.

The 10-day tour will also visit pollution hot spots in municipalities including Dolores Hidalgo, Guanajuato; Apaxco, México state; Atonilco de Tula, Hidalgo; Tlaxcala; Puebla; and Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz. It will conclude in Mexico City on December 11.

At least three million people in those locations suffer health problems due to water, air and soil pollution, according to experts traveling with the caravan.

The Toxi-Tour will “denounce United States, Canadian, German, French, Spanish and Mexican companies” that cause environmental damage, said Andrés Barreda, a representative of the National Assembly of Environmental Victims, which organized the caravan.

The caravan members, including lawmakers from the United States and Europe, are meeting with local environmental organizations in the areas they visit as well as citizens who have been affected by both environmental problems and social conflicts.

In Atonilco de Tula, where the Toxi-Tour will arrive on Thursday, a public forum will be held to discuss environmental problems caused by cement plants, open-pit mines, limestone quarries and oil refineries.

In Tlaxcala on Friday, caravan members will learn about the community proposal to clean up the Atoyac–Zahuapan river basin, while on Saturday they will visit contaminated areas of Puebla city and speak with locals who have been dispossessed of their communal lands.

On December 11 in Mexico City, a final meeting of caravan members will be held after which they will issue a report that details their observations during the Toxi-Tour.

Source: La Jornada (sp), Somos el Medio (sp) 

Student testing: don’t compare Mexico with ‘rich countries club,’ secretary urges

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Education Secretary Moctezuma: look to Latin America for comparisons.
Education Secretary Moctezuma: look to Latin America for comparisons.

Mexico’s results in the PISA mathematics, reading and science tests shouldn’t be compared with those of rich countries, Education Secretary Esteban Moctezuma Barragán said on Tuesday.

Published on Monday, the results of the 2018 Program for International Student Assessment, or PISA, survey showed that Mexican 15-year-olds rank last among students in the 36 OECD member countries in all three areas.

Moctezuma told a press conference that Mexico’s results should be compared with those of other Latin American nations rather than OECD member countries.

“One thing that we have to understand is that the OECD is a club of the world’s rich and developed countries . . . If we compare ourselves with similar countries, with whom we have a similar history and which were also conquered by Spain . . . we see that Mexico is in the top places,” he said.

Among nine Latin American nations that participated in the PISA tests (eight Spanish-speaking countries and Brazil), Mexican ranked fourth in reading and third in both math and science.

Emiliana Vegas: political interests hold sway in education policy.
Emiliana Vegas: political interests hold sway in education policy.

Moctezuma also emphasized that Mexican students fared a lot better than the OECD average in socio-emotional skills.

He highlighted that 83% of students surveyed said they are satisfied with their lives, 96% said they are happy and 89% said they can usually find a way out of difficult situations.

“Mexico is much better than all the other OECD countries on socio-emotional issues,” Barragán said.

“. . . The discussion now is whether things like convivencia [coexistence or togetherness] and second language [skills] will be included in the next PISA tests. If they’re added . . . things will improve,” he said.

Meanwhile, a co-director of the Center for Universal Education at the Brookings Institution, a Washington, D.C., public policy organization, said the Mexican government’s education policy is geared more towards political interests that students’ learning needs.

“Some things are very concerning from my point of view,” Emiliana Vegas said during an interview at the World Innovation Summit for Education in Doha, Qatar.

She said the decision to disband the National Education Evaluation Institute represented the loss of an autonomous body that could have guided the government on education policy. The Latin America education expert also said that the way in which the government is allocating teaching positions and the agreements it has struck with teachers’ unions are politically motivated.

“It appears that the [aim of the new education] reform is not . . . to serve students better and for all Mexican students to have better quality education,” Vegas said.

“Rather it’s responding more to political interests and political support that might guarantee someone’s continuation of power, greater stability and less strikes in the short term but in the long term it’s bad for the country.”

Source: El Universal (sp), Reforma (sp) 

Aversion to breastfeeding in public another questionable cultural import

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It makes some people squirm.
It makes some people squirm.

You’d think we weren’t half of the world’s population.

When I had my baby six years ago I was happy that, despite the horror stories I’d heard about women in the United States being shamed and scolded for breastfeeding in public, I didn’t have to worry about prudish people sexualizing the feeding of my child.

Pretty much everyone that came to the house during that first year saw me feed her without a cover (I was always afraid she’d suffocate and just couldn’t bare to try), and there was nary a glance or mention of the appropriateness of it. I regularly fed her in public as well, with no negative reactions that I ever noticed. People were respectful.

I counted myself lucky to have escaped one more woman-shaming norm prevalent in my own country.

I’ve been puzzled since then to hear of numerous incidents of shaming breastfeeding women in public in Mexico. Even if it’s not the institution itself, individuals from within seem to feel more than at liberty to speak up, like the museum guard at Mexico City’s Modern Art Museum (the museum has since done the right thing and loudly corrected).

Even as Mexico City approved a law to protect breastfeeding women from ridicule, Senator Martha Cecilia Márquez (PAN) was interrupted by Porfirio Muñoz Ledo (Morena) saying that there was “a limit to the tolerance that can be given to a mother and her child” as she spoke before Congress with her baby in her arms.

In my home country of the United States, breastfeeding is an even stickier issue, and it can be hard to separate the ridicule that’s born of religious beliefs about modesty and (especially women’s) “natural sinfulness” and that which is born of simple prudishness paired with a patriarchal framework: we were born of a Puritan culture, after all.

The underlying belief here — and indeed, of much sexual violence against women — is that men are less-than-human animals that simply can’t be expected to control themselves. This is insulting to men, and infuriating to women who are constantly being held to a higher “moral” standard.

Women are routinely blamed for seducing — unwittingly or not — men; people seem to subscribe to the idea that anything about a woman’s exposed body is offensive if it’s not obviously being sexualized for their viewing pleasure.

In the U.S., men and women alike squirm upon seeing an unsolicited breast, and this reaction seems to be “spreading” to Mexico as one of those less-useful cultural imports. Let me tell you, the pressure to both breastfeed one’s babies and always to do so privately is a tall, postpartum-depression-inducing order. And while breastfeeding does certainly have health benefits, plenty of babies raised exclusively on formula do just fine in life.

Based on my own research, the benefits of breastfeeding might not be quite as miraculous as they’re made out to be, and we could all stand to lay off women if they decide not to breastfeed. With a maternity leave of only six weeks after the birth of the child, it’s hardly a mystery why so few women in Mexico choose to do so, let alone are able to do so.

The common thread between shaming women for public breastfeeding and shaming women for formula-feeding is “shaming women.” It’s almost as if strangers were more concerned about telling women what they should and shouldn’t do with their bodies than with the health of their babies. 

Is it any wonder women are angry and marching in the streets?

The truth is that as long as we live in a society that looks upon women as second-class citizens and infantilizes them as frivolous and hysterical, there will always be some gender-wide complaint to lodge against them.

While men could rightfully say they’re criticized as a gender in plenty of ways, what they can’t say is that they’re systematically abused and killed as a result.

Sarah DeVries writes from her home in Xalapa, Veracruz.