Zapatistas warn that Chiapas is on verge of civil war, accuse state of kidnapping

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September 21, 2021

The Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) – an organization best known for staging an armed uprising in southern Mexico in January 1994 – has released a statement warning that Chiapas is on the verge of civil war.

Endorsed by Zapatistas’ leader Subcomandante Galeano, the communique denounced the abduction of two EZLN members by a paramilitary organization at the service of the Chiapas government led by Morena party Governor Rutilio Escandón.

“On September 11, 2021, in the early morning, while the Zapatista air delegation was in Mexico City, members of ORCAO [the Regional Organization of Ocosingo Coffee Growers] – a paramilitary organization serving the Chiapas state government – kidnapped the compañeros Sebastián Nuñez Pérez and José Antonio Sánchez Juárez … from the Good Government Council of Patria Nueva [New Homeland], Chiapas,” the statement said.

The Zapatistas, who control a significant amount of territory in the state, asserted that ORCAO is “a political-military organization with paramilitary characteristics: they have uniforms, equipment, weapons, and ammunition purchased with money they receive from [government-sponsored] ‘social programs.’”

“… They fire on the Zapatista community of Moisés y Gandhi every night with these weapons,” the communique said.

The kidnapping victims were released on Sunday eight days after they were abducted “thanks to the parish priests of San Cristóbal de las Casas and Oxchuc, of the San Cristóbal diocese,” the EZLN said after claiming that the Chiapas government had attempted to sabotage their rescue.

“The compañeros were robbed of a walkie-talkie and 6,000 pesos in cash belonging to the Good Government Council,” the statement said.

“… The only reason the conflict did not escalate into a tragedy was due to the intervention of the parishes mentioned above, human rights organizations, and the mobilizations and denunciations carried out in Mexico and, above all, Europe. The misgovernment of Rutilio Escandón is doing everything possible to destabilize … Chiapas.”

The EZLN accused the state of a laundry list of abuses, asserting that it violently represses student teachers, sabotages agreements between teachers and the federal government, protects drug gangs and finances paramilitary groups.

“Its vaccination campaign is purposefully slow and disorganized, creating unrest in rural communities that it will no doubt exploit. Meanwhile, the rising COVID deaths in these communities are ignored,” it added.

“Its officials are stealing everything they can from the state treasury, perhaps preparing for a federal government collapse or betting on a new party coming into power. And now they want to sabotage the departure of the Zapatista delegation participating in the European chapter of the Journey for Life,” the statement said, referring to a group of Zapatistas – the so-called “air delegation” that departed for Europe by plane on September 13.

“They ordered their ORCAO paramilitaries to kidnap our compañeros, leaving the crime unpunished, and trying to provoke a reaction from the EZLN, all in a state where governability hangs by a thread.”

The Zapatistas also claimed that the Ecological Green Party is really in power in Chiapas but currently “badly disguised” as Morena, the party founded by President López Obrador.

In addition to accusing Escandón of abuses, the EZLN took aim at state government secretary Victoria Cecilia Flores Pérez.

“If what they [Escandón and Flores] want is to topple the federal government, or to cause problems in retaliation for the current federal criminal investigations against them, or to support one of the factions competing for power in 2024, then they should use the available legal channels and stop playing with the life, liberty, and property of the people of Chiapas. They should call for a vote to revoke the presidential mandate and stop playing with fire because they’re going to get burned,” said the rambling and somewhat deranged communique entitled Chiapas on the Verge of Civil War.

The EZLN called for foreigners and Mexicans to protest on Friday in front of Mexican embassies and consulates and at the government offices of the state of Chiapas to demand “an end to their provocations and renunciation of their death cult.”

“Given the actions and omissions of the state and federal governments regarding these crimes and previous ones, we will take the necessary measures to bring justice to the criminals in the ORCAO and the government officials who sponsor them. That is all. Next time there won’t be a communique. That is, there won’t be words, only actions,” concluded the statement issued from the mountains of southeastern Mexico.

Mexico News Daily

AMLO reveals letter to US President Biden seeking support for Central American programs

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MND Staff

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September 21, 2021

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López Obrador reads his letter to reporters on Monday.

President López Obrador has disclosed a letter he sent to United States President Joe Biden to seek his government’s financial support for the implementation of two employment programs in Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador.

López Obrador presented his letter – which also asks Biden to consider offering temporary work visas to participants in the programs – at his morning press conference on Monday.

“As we have mentioned on other occasions, the migratory phenomenon requires a completely new treatment,” opens the letter, dated September 7.

“Of course ordering the [migratory] flow, avoiding disorder and violence and guaranteeing human rights is necessary. However, we mustn’t limit ourselves to the application of contention measures, especially ones of a coercive nature,” López Obrador wrote, perhaps referring to Mexican authorities’ recent use of force to detain migrants in the south of the country.

In that context, the president proposed once again the extension of his government’s tree-planting employment program Sembrando Vida (Sowing Life) and the apprenticeship scheme Youths Building the Future to the northern triangle Central American countries.

A farmer plants a tree under Mexico's Sembrando Vida. — A farmer plants a tree under Mexico’s Sembrando Vida.

He suggested that the size of the programs in each of Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador be the same as those already underway in Chiapas.

“Today we’re planting 200,000 hectares of fruit and timber-yielding trees in Chiapas, and that program provides work to 80,000 planters who receive a salary to cultivate their land. This same procedure can be immediately applied in the three Central American countries of greatest migration (Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador), through which the area of sowing would expand by 600,000 hectares and employment would be provided to 240,000 farmers,” said the letter, dated two days before the federal government announced that the United States had agreed to collaborate with Mexico on employment programs in the south of the country and Central America.

“Another of our relevant social programs that is being applied in Chiapas consists of providing work as apprentices to 30,000 young people who receive a minimum wage in order to undertake training in workshops, companies and in other productive and social activities. If this action was immediately applied in Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador, 90,000 people among those who emigrate due to a lack of work could be kept in their countries of origin,” López Obrador said.

The president noted that a total of 330,000 Central Americans could be supported by the programs, which he estimated could commence within six months. If the U.S. government agrees to support the programs financially, the Mexican government will be “fully willing” to collaborate, López Obrador said, pledging that it would provide advice, experience and labor.

“Mr. President Biden, to the measures signaled, I add another that we believe is very effective: signing agreements with those registered in these programs to offer them in the medium term – in an orderly way and in accordance with demand – temporary work visas for the United States,” he wrote.

“Nobody would be harmed by that because it’s known that the great nation you preside over needs an additional workforce to boost economic growth, strengthen production and reduce imports from Asia,” the letter said, adding that the United States will need a “great army of workers” to construct a range of infrastructure projects the Biden administration intends to build.

“… I believe that the combination of these circumstances opens up a perfect opportunity to plan, put order to and humanize migration flows.”

The United States hasn’t publicly indicated any support for the president’s temporary work visa proposal.

Just a week after penning his letter to Biden to seek the United States’ support, López Obrador sought to influence Mexico’s neighbor on a very different issue, calling on the superpower to lift its long-running trade embargo on Cuba.

“The government I represent respectfully calls on the United States government to lift the blockade against Cuba,” he said at an Independence Day event last Thursday. “Because no state has the right to subjugate another people, another country.”

The president appears to be trying to distance Mexico from the United States while paradoxically and simultaneously seeking a more collaborative relationship.

Perhaps wary that his government is perceived as being subservient to the United States by deploying security forces to halt the advance of migrants to the northern border, López Obrador seems keen to highlight that Mexico is also prepared to take positions that are very different from those of its powerful neighbor.

With reports from Milenio and Reforma

For the fifth year in a row, Mexico ranks low for pensioners’ quality of retirement

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MND Staff

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September 21, 2021

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For the fifth consecutive year, Mexico was given a low ranking for the quality of retirement afforded to its pensioners, placing 37th out of 44 countries.

The Global Retirement Index 2021, collated by Nataxis Investment Managers, shows that the country performed worse than last year in a number of categories, including quality of life.

“Mexico has a lower score in the quality of life sub-index this year due to lower scores on environmental factors and happiness indicators. Likewise, it is also among the five lowest on the indicators of air quality and water and sanitation,” it states.

On health, Mexico continues to rank low, although there is reason for optimism: it “continues to occupy lower positions in the health sub-index, among the 10 lowest … although it shows an improvement in the life expectancy indicator, where it moved up two places,” the report says.

In the finance sub-index, Mexico stands in 16th place and continues to perform well, with a second place ranking for old-age dependency and fifth place for tax pressure. However, it is among the bottom 10 countries for governance and government indebtedness.

The head of Natixis Investment Managers Mexico, Mauricio Giordano, explained the supply factors which are squeezing retired citizens, which have intensified in the COVID-19 pandemic. “Even with the promise of a full global economic recovery, that we don’t anticipate until the first half of 2022, retirement security is still a big question mark; given demographic and economic changes that limit the resources of governments, employers and workers around the world,” he said.

The report detailed further economic factors which compromise the world’s retired. “The risks posed by inflation, interest rates and public debt, and the financial challenges to employment and health services have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Retirees are particularly vulnerable to low rates and rising inflation, which impact the ability to generate income during retirement,” it states.

Iceland ranks first overall in the table for the third year in a row, followed by Switzerland, Norway, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand and Australia. Germany jumped two positions to eighth place, swapping places with Canada which dropped to 10th and Denmark remained in ninth.

Mexico ranks above Russia, China, Colombia, Greece, Turkey, Brazil and India, which is in last place.

With reports from El Universal

COVID roundup: MX to become largest recipient of US-donated vaccines

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MND Staff

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September 20, 2021

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The United States government will deliver an additional 1.75 million COVID-19 vaccine doses to Mexico on Tuesday, according to a White House official who spoke with the newspaper Reforma.

The shipment will fulfill the pledge made by the Biden administration last month to donate 3.5 million Moderna doses to Mexico. The first batch of 1.75 million shots arrived August 24.

Upon taking delivery of the second batch of Moderna vaccines, Mexico will become the largest recipient of United States-donated vaccines in Latin America. Colombia has received about 6 million shots from the U.S. but the total received by Mexico will rise to almost 7.6 million on Tuesday.

Indonesia is currently the biggest recipient of U.S. vaccine donations, having received some 8 million shots. However, shots sent to Mexico will probably exceed that figure in the coming weeks as the Mexican government expects to receive more AstraZeneca shots, although the White House hasn’t confirmed that will occur.

In other COVID-19 news:

• The federal Health Ministry reported Sunday that almost 95.3 million vaccine doses have been administered in the government’s vaccine program, which began December 24. It said that almost 62.1 million people, or 69% of the adult population, have received at least one dose. Two-thirds of that number are fully vaccinated.

• Mexico’s accumulated case tally increased to 3.57 million on Monday with 3,367 new infections reported. The official COVID-19 death toll rose by 262 to 271,765.

There are 60,434 estimated active cases across Mexico, a 12% decline compared to Sunday.

• Nuevo León reported 570 new cases and 33 deaths on Monday. The northern state has recorded more than 270,000 cases and over 13,600 fatalities since the start of the pandemic.

There are 1,005 COVID-19 patients in the state’s hospitals, including 12 pregnant women, authorities said Sunday. Twenty-four pregnant women have lost their lives to COVID in Nuevo León.

With reports from Reforma and Milenio

US extends land border closure for another month

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MND Staff

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September 20, 2021

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border crossing — Closed for another month.

The United States extended restrictions at its land borders with Mexico and Canada on Monday until at least October 21. That bars nonessential travel such as tourism.

The U.S. land borders have been closed for nearly 18 months, since March 2020, when access to southern states was stopped to address the spread of COVID-19. The controls have been reviewed on a monthly basis since then, but the policy has remained in place. Canada opened its border to fully vaccinated U.S. visitors for nonessential travel on August 9.

White House COVID-19 coordinator Jeff Zients was curt on the possibility of policy change. “We do not have any updates to the land border policies at this point,” he told reporters Monday.

Mexico has been pushing for a reopening of the border and prioritized the vaccination of residents of border communities to that end. President López Obrador announced Tuesday at his morning press conference that all adults in border states would receive their second dose of COVID-19 vaccine by the following day. At the same conference, Deputy Health Minister Hugo López-Gatell confirmed that COVID-19 case numbers were falling in all 32 states.

The declining third wave of COVID-19 is reflected in the new coronavirus stoplight risk map, issued Friday by the federal Ministry of Health. At high risk and colored orange are four states, down from 13. No states are at maximum risk red, and four are green.

Meanwhile, Zients also announced that the U.S. will re-open access to air travelers from 33 countries including China, India, Brazil and most of Europe who are fully vaccinated against COVID-19.

With reports from Reuters

Thieves foiled in attempt to steal 1 million pesos’ worth of COVID tests

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MND Staff

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September 20, 2021

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The suspected thieves arrested by Mexico City authorities for attempting to steal 1.2 million pesos' worth of COVID-19 tests.

Three men have been arrested for stealing a van carrying about 1.2 million pesos’ worth (about US $59,500) of COVID-19 tests after it left a customs office at Mexico City International Airport (AICM).

An eyewitness described how three men got out of a car and commandeered the van by forcing the driver out of the vehicle and into their car.

Security officials used video surveillance cameras to track both vehicles. An 18-year-old was driving the van alone when he was intercepted by police officers in Guadalupe Tepeyac, in the north part of the city.

As the suspect was being arrested, a man arrived and identified himself as a worker from the delivery company that was transporting the tests. He recognized the stolen vehicle and asked to make a formal complaint.

Two other men, a 28-year-old and a 26-year-old, were found nearby by police officers. Police searched the two men and discovered a fake pistol.

The 26-year-old had been imprisoned in 2013 in Mexico City for drug dealing and has a record for other offenses, including possession of marijuana, robbery and drinking alcohol in public.

With reports from Milenio

Italy halts auction of archaeological artifacts on Mexico’s request

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MND Staff

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September 20, 2021

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Three of 17 Mesoamerican artifacts from Mexico that were scheduled to go on the auction block at the Bertolami Fine Arts auction house in Rome last Thursday.

Italian authorities intervened to cancel an auction in Rome at which 17 Mexican archaeological artifacts were to go on the block.

Culture Minister Alejandra Frausto said the timely action of Mexico’s ambassador in Italy, Carlos García de Alba, and the European nation’s chief of police for the protection of cultural heritage, Roberto Riccardi, were crucial to the suspension of the auction, which the Bertolami Fine Arts auction house planned to hold last Thursday.

The force commanded by Riccardi seized the 17 artifacts, and Italian authorities will return them to Mexico if it is confirmed they were illegally sold in Mexico or extracted from here.

The cancellation of the auction is the “fruit of cultural diplomacy, dialogue and the permanent work” of Mexico and Italy, Frausto said, adding that both nations recognize their heritage as one of their greatest treasures.

“We will continue to fight against the trafficking of cultural assets head-on,” she said.

ancient earthenware pot from Michocán — Detail of one of the 17 items — a three-pronged earthenware pot made during the Mesoamerican postclassic period.

Among the lots Bertolami planned to sell were pre-Hispanic pots, bowls and anthropomorphic figurines from western Mexico and the country’s Gulf coast.

The jewel of the collection, according to the newspaper El País, was a painted mud bowl with a three-pronged base. An artifact of the Purépecha culture, the piece dates back to the Mesoamerican late postclassic period, which began in 1200 and concluded in 1521. Other pieces date back to the early and late classic periods, meaning they were made between A.D. 200 and 900.

Many of the lots that would have been sold had already attracted early bids and had been tentatively assigned to buyers.

It is not the first time this year that Italy has helped Mexico reclaim lost cultural artifacts. Italian authorities sent 23 pre-Hispanic relics back here in May.

Mexico has also tried to stop recent auctions of such relics in Paris and New York but failed. It is also trying to stop the sale of 74 Mexican artifacts in Germany this week.

“The Mexican government will insist on permanent efforts to obtain the restitution of archaeological and historical assets that are the property of the nation and which are abroad illegally,” the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Culture Ministry and the National Institute of Anthropology and History said in a joint statement announcing that the Italian auction had been halted.

With reports from El País

Be the talk of the neighborhood with a wood-fired pizza oven on your patio

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Clive Warner

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September 20, 2021

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My wife and I love pizza (who doesn’t?) Our Westinghouse electric fan oven can just about manage 195 C on a good day. Cooking a pizza in it takes forever, and the result is, at best, “edible.”

One day, I saw a video of an Australian man building a pizza oven and thought, “How difficult can this be?” I decided to build one under the palapa. It would make a great centerpiece for parties. A barbecue grill — everyone has one of those! But the thought of pulling out gourmet pizzas was irresistible.

I researched the two types of oven: dome and half-cylinder. The dome demands serious brick skills and a lot of tedious brick-cutting with a diamond disk. They are both equally efficient, but the half-cylinder offers more room inside, so I chose that.

My oven required:

160 high-temperature bricks
Cement
Slaked lime
Sand
Perlite
Fire clay (I used kaolin)
Two meters of steel angle
Chicken wire

pizza oven chimney — A pizza oven should be accompanied by a chimney, which may require a bit of outside help, but otherwise, a brick pizza oven can be a DIY project.

The total cost of the oven, built myself, was around 3,000 pesos. I had a contractor build the support base, which also acts as storage space for the logs.

First, you build the base. It’s the same kind you’d use to make a grill. Mine is 1.25 meters square. Once the base has cured, you can draw the outline of the oven on it. Begin by drawing a center line and align all measurements to it.

I built the lowest brick course and the floor first. This involved covering the concrete base with a mix of lime and fire clay to a depth of 1.5 centimeters, leveling it and then placing the bricks edge to edge. Then you must carefully tap the bricks with a rubber mallet to bed them down and make a flat hearth. We don’t cement this.

Then build the rear wall. It’s a simple task, standard bricklaying. You don’t need to use furnace bricks, which are very expensive. We’re not looking to fire pottery at 1100 degrees Celsius. I went to the Ladrillera Mechanizada building materials store, where they had a compressed brick fired at 1100–1300 degrees — perfectly adequate and reasonably priced. Don’t use regular cement. I mixed some lime into mine to give it more fire resistance, but even better, you can buy refractory mortar.

To build the arches, build the second and third course for the walls once the rear wall is in place, which is a straightforward job. You’ll need two arch forms. A form looks like two semicircles of one-inch ply, separated by two-inch wooden spacers screwed together. It fits precisely between the walls and helps us support the brick arches, beginning with the one in contact with the rear wall.

As we finish one arch, we move the form toward the front and begin the next. This continues until we finish the long axis and place the chimney. Traditionally, a second arch is built to support the chimney, but I cheated. I simply placed two lengths of “L” angle steel across the bricks at the right height and used those to support the chimney column. It works as well as an arch and was a lot quicker.

Finally, a second arch form, smaller, is built to make the oven door. There’s a “golden ratio” to observe with these ovens to ensure that smoke and flame go up the chimney and not into your face when you open the door. My entrance (door) arch is 25 centimeters high. The chimney begins at 40 centimeters in height, and the oven is 75 centimeters high inside.

Once the basic oven is finished, it’s time to add heat sinking and insulation. I added four inches of concrete and stone “overcoat,” then six inches of “Perlite mortar” — a mix of 6:1 Perlite (for insulation) to mortar. The finished oven will take several weeks to dry out before it can be used, cautiously at first. I had a steel welder fabricate a 30-by-15-centimeter rectangular metal chimney, which has proved perfectly adequate.

One caution: be careful if you’re not used to brickwork. Do not, as I did, use your hand, claw-like, to hold bricks. I did that and got De Quervain’s tenosynovitis as a result. Also, take safety precautions when cutting bricks. Be gentle with yourself and remember it doesn’t have to be done to a deadline.

Regarding cooking the pizza: I’ve been using my oven for the last six months, and it’s been quite the learning curve. I learned that every oven, like every vehicle, has a “cruising temperature.” Mine cruises at 330 degrees Celsius.

It takes two hours to get there with a modest fire. Then it will retain that temperature for hours with an occasional extra log. If I force it with a raging fire, yes, I can get it to 400 degrees in 90 minutes, but the oven won’t easily retain that heat, and cooking will be a difficult problem given the changing temperatures. I cook pizzas in three to four minutes at 330 degrees. They taste just as good as if I push the oven to 440 degrees and cook them in one minute or so.

One key to the perfect pizza is to have the right base temperature and the right space heat. It took me a while to realize that you start the fire at the front, and push it back when you cook. That’s to get the brick under the base hot enough for the perfect crust. If not? Floppy pizza or burnt topping! If I’m meticulous, I’ll use the heat gun to measure the brick temperature.

The other key is the perfect ingredients. Avoid the flour they sell in supermarkets unless you like your pizza to taste like cake. What you want, at a minimum, is bread flour with plenty of gluten; you’ll make great pizza with that. If you want to be more “pro,” you can order semolina flour on Mercado Libre. A 60/40 mix of bread/semolina will give you a fine Italian-style pie!

To conclude, building a pizza oven is a relatively inexpensive project that can add value to your home and fun to your life.

Clive Warner is a retired British engineer and teacher who moved from the United Kingdom to Monterrey, Mexico, in 1990 with his Mexican wife, Sandra, after their computer business failed. After working in the cement and plastics industries, Clive became a teacher with the St. Patrick’s School in Monterrey. He has written four novels, a book about heart surgery, and a memoir. After selling their house in Monterrey a year ago, he and Sandra bought a “fixer-upper” quinta in Santiago and are still busy renovating it.

Illegal dam blamed for flooding in Valle del Bravo, México state

By

MND Staff

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September 20, 2021

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An illegal, private dam is being blamed for flooding in Valle del Bravo, México state, on September 3.

Located in the community of Álamos, the dam overflowed due to a structural weakness, reported the newspaper Milenio. Millions of liters of water spilled out of the dam, flooding fields and properties in the vicinity of the El Molino River, where the water rose six meters.

Environmental organizations in Valle del Bravo made formal complaints about the dam on August 17, more than two weeks earlier. It was closed on September 13 by the federal environmental protection agency, Profepa, which said the dam was closed because it wasn’t authorized.

“… the construction of an artificial lake on an approximate area of 8,000 square meters, for which the authorization for environmental impact was not presented … affected a forest area of approximately 7,500 square meters due to flooding …”

Local resident Morgan Szymanski said the environmental impact was severe. “We estimate that the water level rose approximately five to six meters. The natural impact is terrible, the flora and fauna that disappeared in the space of two hours. It’s a great shame and all the neighbors are very angry,” he said.

Lorenza García, whose property was damaged by the flood, emphasized its scale. “What happened here can be called a tsunami,” she said.

She added that authorities had been too slow to act. “The authorities need to take responsibility for not stopping this in time. We made a public complaint, long before that dam burst, and nobody did anything. All this could have been avoided,” she said.

Milenio reported that the the construction of private dams increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, and claims there are dozens of unauthorized dams in the area.

A civic group in Valle de Bravo said the illegal dams are likely to cause environmental damage and are a threat to the local population. “The construction of private dams in Valle del Bravo, without having the corresponding environmental impact permits, cannot go unpunished. The environmental and material effects that these projects can cause are immeasurable, not to mention the risk to human life.”

With reports from Milenio

LatAm leaders express ire over presence of Cuba, Venezuela at CELAC conference

By

MND Staff

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September 20, 2021

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Latin American and Caribbean leaders at Saturday's conference at the National Palace.

President López Obrador called Saturday for Latin American and Caribbean leaders to aspire to the establishment of a European Union-style bloc, but the summit at which he made the call will likely be best remembered for division rather than unity.

The presidents of Paraguay and Uruguay made it clear at the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) meeting in Mexico City that they wanted nothing to do with the Venezuelan government, while the latter also took aim at Cuba and Nicaragua.

“In no sense or circumstance does my presence at this summit represent recognition of the government of Mr. Nicolás Maduro,” said conservative Paraguayan President Mario Abdo Benítez.

Maduro, who jetted into Mexico City on Friday night to make a surprise appearance at CELAC’s sixth summit, promptly interjected to say his administration didn’t recognize Abdo’s government either.

Minutes later, Uruguayan President Luis Lacalle Pou said his attendance didn’t mean his government was willing to be “accommodating” to those of Venezuela, Cuba and Nicaragua, all of which are widely considered to be undemocratic regimes.

“… We are worried and look gravely at what’s happening in Cuba, Nicaragua and Venezuela,” he said after asserting that they lack “full democracy,” don’t respect the separation of powers, use a repressive state apparatus to silence and jail protesters and don’t respect human rights.

Responding at greater length to Abdo, Maduro challenged the Paraguayan to set a place, a date and a time “for a debate about democracy in Paraguay, in Venezuela and in Latin America.”

He also defended the Cuban and Nicaraguan regimes, led respectively by Miguel Díaz-Canel, who spent several days in Mexico last week, and Daniel Ortega, who didn’t attend the CELAC summit.

“We must turn the page on the divisiveness that was inserted in Latin America, on the harassment of the Bolivarian revolution [that initiated by former Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez] and now the incessant harassment of the Cuban revolution and Nicaraguan revolution,” Maduro said.

For his part, Díaz-Canel charged that Lacalle was ignorant of the reality the people of Cuba face, noting their “courage” in the face of six decades of aggression from the United States, including the imposition of a trade embargo.

He also opined that the Uruguayan president should concern himself with internal issues rather than criticizing Cuba.

Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro arrives at the CELAC conference in Mexico City. His arrival on Friday night was a surprise.

“Listen to your people, who collected more than 700,000 signatures against the law that you imposed and which changed the conditions to adjust fuel prices; … [it’s a] neoliberal package,” said the first secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba.

In contrast to Cuba, members of the opposition can sign petitions and complain in Uruguay because it’s a democratic country, retorted Lacalle. “That’s the great difference with the Cuban regime,” the center-right president said.

Speaking more tactfully, López Obrador said that Latin American and Caribbean nations should seek the creation of a bloc similar to the EU.

“In these times, CELAC can become the principal instrument to consolidate relations between our Latin American and Caribbean nations,” he said during the summit’s opening ceremony.

“We should build in the American continent something similar to what was the economic community that was the beginning of the current European Union,” López Obrador said while emphasizing the importance of each country maintaining their sovereignty.

His proposition is designed to make CELAC, rather than the United States-headquartered Organization of American States (OAS), the dominant multilateral organization in the Western Hemisphere.

López Obrador said that a CELAC bloc could provide a boost to the region’s economies – which are plagued by inequalities – and help member countries respond to health and other crises.

Weakening the OAS, which excludes Cuba and is not entirely trusted by the region’s leftist regimes, was a stated aim of Mexico at the CELAC summit, held at the National Palace.

Mexican Foreign Minister Marcelo Ebrard said last month that Mexico wants to say goodbye to the OAS, which was established in the middle of the last century, and replace it with a more modern organization.

“What’s Mexico’s proposal? Adiós to the OAS in its interventionist, meddling and hegemonic sense and the arrival of another organization we build in accordance with the United States for the 21st century,” he said.

Insinuating that it takes orders from the United States, López Obrador said in July that the OAS should be replaced “by a body that is truly autonomous” and “not anybody’s lackey.”

“It’s a complex issue that requires a new political and economic vision. … [It’s] a large task for good diplomats and politicians, like those who fortunately exist in all the countries of the continent,” he said at an event in Mexico City on July 24 to commemorate the 238th anniversary of the birth of Simón Bolivár, a military and political leader known as the “liberator of America” and a proponent of a unified Latin America.

“What I’ve suggested here might seem to be a utopia but it must be considered that without ideals on the horizon you don’t get anywhere. Let’s keep the dream of Bolívar alive,” López Obrador said.

Despite the differences of opinions among leaders, Ebrard characterized Saturday’s summit – the organization’s first high-level meeting since 2017 – as a success, noting that a range of resolutions were unanimously supported, including ones that condemned the United States’ blockade of Cuba and sought to create a cooperative COVID-19 vaccination program and a regional fund for disaster response.

“Nobody should be afraid of us having differences,” the foreign minister said, adding that they would only be a problem if they stopped the CELAC member countries from coming together.

“Despite the differences, … which are serious and important, the meeting was held and several substantive decisions were adopted,” Ebrard said.

Pursuing López Obrador’s vision of a European-style trading bloc that would replace the Organization of American States was not among them.

With reports from El País, Reforma and Reuters