Monday, October 20, 2025

Mexico ranks 12th on list of most polluting countries: study

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Pemex refinery in Salina Cruz, Oaxaca.
A new report by the Institute of the Americas predicts Mexico's greenhouse gas emissions could rise up to 25% in the next nine years.

Mexico will need to implement additional policies to meet its 2030 target of reducing its greenhouse gas emissions by 22%, according to an analysis by the Institute of the Americas.

The institute, an independent, inter-American organization that promotes public-private cooperation across the Americas, said in a report that “Mexico’s rollback of support to renewable energy and its response to the pandemic has put the country’s emissions on an upward path.”

“… Emissions will ramp up again as the economy recovers,” the institute said, predicting they will increase to 774–852 metric tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (MtCO2e) in 2030, excluding land use, land-use change and forestry initiatives.

Mexico is already the world’s 12th largest polluter (84th on a per capita basis), the report noted, with emissions of just under 680 MtCO2e annually, a figure equivalent to 1.5% of global emissions. The institute’s prediction entails a 14–25% increase in Mexico’s emissions over the next nine years.

The institute also said that Mexico will fall short of its interim goal of 35% clean energy by 2024.

List of LatAm countries with carbon intensive income
Mexico ranked second among Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries that garner revenues from hydrocarbon exploration and extraction. Institute of the Americas

“The government is now favoring fossil fuels with the construction of a new refinery; a new budget allocation for the modernization of coal, diesel, gas and oil-fueled power plants; and the cancellation of long-term power auctions,” it said.

“Lastly, a recent energy bill effectively halting private renewable energy investments prioritizes the government’s own aging fossil-fuel plants. This reform could force changes in the electricity dispatch order that would significantly increase CO2 emissions,” the institute said.

It noted in its report — entitled Nationally Determined Contributions Across the Americas: A Comparative Hemispheric Analysis — that the impacts of climate change are already being felt in Mexico and the broader region. It cited Hurricanes Lota and Eta smashing into Central America last year, massive forest fires across the Amazon and severe drought in Mexico, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay as examples.

The institute said that many countries in the region have “ambitious climate commitments for 2030 and 2050” but noted that they lack the national and external funding to achieve them.

However, Mexico, which has an estimated US $6 billion funding gap, and Brazil — which together are “responsible for over 50% of the region’s overall emission — are both lagging compared to the region’s collective efforts to tackle the global climate crisis,” the report said.

“The actions of these two countries could also have potentially negative region-wide effects. In both cases, their updated NDCs [national determined contributions] are no more ambitious, and their respective governments are implementing policies and regulations that could in fact reverse mitigation efforts. In short, if they were not yet on track to meet climate pledges before, they are now on an upward emissions trend,” it said.

AMLO with John Kerry
President Lopez Obrador has touted his environmental credibility, but the institute says Mexico is “on an upward emissions trend.” lopezobrador.org.mx.

The institute also said that Mexico had been at the forefront of the fight against climate change, both domestically and internationally, until the current government took office.

President López Obrador has championed the continued use of fossil fuels and primarily points to his tree-planting employment program – which he describes as the world’s largest reforestation scheme – to illustrate his climate credentials.

However, Sembrando Vida (Sowing Life), as the program is called, has faced accusations of corruption and claims that it is in fact causing deforestation.

Mexico News Daily 

A Mexican visitor’s permit no longer guarantees a 180-day stay

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flying in to cancun
One visitor arrived in Cancún for a 15-day holiday but was given just 10 days on his FMM.

It once was all but guaranteed that a visitor entering Mexico would receive a permit to stay for 180 days, the maximum length of time allowed under current Mexican immigration rules.

But many aspects of immigration policy have been changing over the past few years, and length of stay for visitors appears to be one of them. More and more travelers have been reporting that they were allowed 30 or fewer days to complete their travels in Mexico.

A visitor’s permit, known as a forma migratoria múltiple (FMM), allows the permit-holder to be in the country for “a maximum validity of 180 days,” according the National Immigration Institute’s (INM) website. For the United States, Canada, Australia and much of Europe, it is the only Mexican-issued document needed to travel within the country - a visa is not required.

The immigration agent at the point of entry (an airport, land border or seaport) fills in a portion of the FMM and writes the number of days the visitor is permitted to stay in the country. The agent may also ask for documents like hotel reservations, return flights or tours booked to prove that the purpose of the visit is that which the visitor is claiming.

None of that is new. What is new is that “maximum 180 days” no longer means 180 days by default. Instead, social media reports and immigration experts indicate that an increasing number of people are receiving 30 days or less on their visitor’s permit, rather than the 180.

fmm visitor permit
A Facebook user posted this FMM wondering if the agent’s scribble was his signature or the number 180. Consensus was that it was the latter.

Though the INM has not released an official public statement on the change of policy, an INM official in Mazatlán, Sinaloa, acknowledged having heard of the issue but said the manner in which the federal criteria for entry is applied is at the full discretion of the agent at the point of entry. While some nationalities face restrictions, visitors from countries without restrictions still “supposedly” get 180 days, the agent said.

An agent on the INM help line was similarly brief in the information she was able to provide.

“We don’t have information about the reasons they are giving less time …” the agent said. “We don’t know if they have received some notification or internal memo.”

She did, however, have advice for incoming travelers.

“You have to show your return flight, that you have economic solvency … if you have tickets for tours, tickets for where you’re going to stay, it is also necessary to mention that,” she said.

Guy Courchesne, a Mexico City-based recruiter of foreign teachers who also works on immigration issues, said that he gets at least 20 calls a day on the topic of changing FMM lengths of stay, mostly from people who expected to get 180 days but received as few as 10, with no recourse to extend the permit. The change appears to be affecting travelers of all nationalities, he said.

Earlier this year, one option for people with expired documents was to get temporary residency through a pandemic amnesty program. But that program was for people whose expired travel documents were issued prior to 2019, so more recent arrivals do not qualify, Courchesne said.

Many travelers have flocked to Facebook to discuss the changes and share their personal experiences. Though the majority still report receiving the standard 180 days, those that receive less have been frustrated by reports that many local INM offices no longer offer FMM extensions.

Some users have even recounted being advised by agents to overstay their permits and pay for a new one at the airport when they leave. Though feasible, this option presents the risk of detention and deportation if at any point authorities ask undocumented travelers to prove that they are legally in the country.

Facebook user Alex Ward of the U.K.  had to consider that and other options when he received a shorter-than-expected length of stay on his FMM. Ward arrived in Cancún for a 15-day vacation with his partner at the end of October. After leaving the airport, a friend advised him to check the length of stay on his immigration document; to his disappointment, he was only given 10 days.

“Really weird and total downer on the holiday since we are literally here for two weeks and the agent who issued it seemed very friendly at the time and asked us how long and where we were going …” Ward wrote on Facebook.

“We are here for a relaxing [beach] holiday but now will be concerned about this. Not a good way to encourage tourism …. [Probably] won’t come back to Mexico after this which is a real shame as I love it.”

fmm
There was no doubt about this document. The visitor was granted the maximum of 180 days.

Ward’s experience appears to be the exception, rather than the rule. The majority of social media users on the Facebook group Expats in Mexico report receiving the full 180 days, even when they intend to stay only for a few days.

One such Facebook user was Canadian traveler Rhiannon Mariah. She was worried after another Canadian friend was given only 30 days on her FMM. To avoid getting her trip cut short, Mariah decided to fill out her FMM online, where the length of stay is automatically set to 180 days.

Though the immigration agents at the airport have the discretion to change that number, in her case they did not: she was given the full six months.

Some social media users have claimed that repeat travelers are especially likely to get shorter stays. For at least some returning travelers, that appears to be true. Oscar Alvarenga of Honduras flew into Mexico City hoping to spend several months traveling while working remotely online. It was his second trip to Mexico this year, and he was surprised to receive only 45 days on his FMM. He asked for an extension but was denied.

“I told [the agent] that the last time I came to Mexico, five months ago, I received 180 days. But he told me he was not able to do it again,” Alvarenga said.

Though most people still appear to be receiving 180 days on their visitors’ permits, travelers must increasingly adhere to a motto that is applicable to many aspects of life in Mexico: be ready for anything.

Proof of a return flight, hotel stay and documents demonstrating adequate funds for the duration of the trip can strengthen a visitor’s case to get the permit length they want. And for those hoping to live in Mexico for less than a year, temporary residency is often a viable option.

Mexico News Daily

Pensions will consume 16.5% of the federal budget next year

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seniors pensions

About one-sixth of the 2022 federal budget will be used to pay pensions as a record 1.17 trillion pesos (US $56.6 billion) will end up in the pockets of retired workers next year.

According to the 7-trillion-peso (US $338.8 billion) budget approved in the lower house of Congress last Sunday, the outlay on pensions will increase 6.2% in 2022 and represent 16.5% of the total budget.

The 1.17 trillion pesos will go to retired government employees, including those who worked for state-owned companies such as Pemex and the Federal Electricity Commission (CFE), and other former workers covered by Social Security Institute (IMSS) and State Workers Institute (ISSSTE) pension schemes.

The federal government’s pension costs have been increasingly steadily in recent years, rising from 736 billion pesos in 2015 to just under 990 billion pesos in 2019 before breaking the 1-trillion-peso barrier for the first time in 2020.

Ricardo Velázquez Luna, a pensions expert and general director of financial consultancy Asesores Patrimoniales, told the newspaper El País that the government’s snowballing pension costs are the result of “bad planning in the pensions system that wasn’t corrected until 1997.”

He predicted that pension costs will continue to grow over the next five to six years.

IMSS will get about 1 trillion pesos in funding next year and almost two-thirds of that amount – 636.4 billion pesos – will go to pay pensions.

Velázquez said the proportion of IMSS’ outlay on pensions is too high, leaving the institute with limited funds to spend on healthcare.

“They [the government] has to allocate it resources that can be used … [to benefit] Mexicans’ health,” he said.

Facing a similar scenario, ISSSTE will spend 70% of its 397-billion-peso budget on pensions, while Pemex and the CFE will distribute just under 70 billion and 50 billion pesos, respectively, to its former workers next year.

More than 238 billion pesos will go to the payment of the government’s “wellbeing pensions” for seniors next year, a 76% increase compared to 2021.

Velázquez said the government will need to collect more tax to cover its pension expenses and other funding obligations.

However, 56% of economically active people don’t pay taxes because they work in the informal sector, according to data from the national statistics agency INEGI. That figure rose recently as more people moved into that sector after losing jobs in the formal economy during the coronavirus pandemic.

With reports from El País 

Cougar captured after entering property in Oaxaca

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The cougar among the leaves of an avocado tree.
The cougar among the leaves of an avocado tree.

A cougar surprised residents on Tuesday in Tamazulápam del Espíritu Santo, a Mixe community in the Oaxaca Sierra.

The 2.5 meter cat was first sighted in the undergrowth of an avocado tree, and later captured by local authorities who released it in an area of woodland.

Police and residents struggled with the cougar for a few minutes to restrain it, the newspaper El Universal reported. A video posted on social media showed the bound animal being pulled from a property on its back.  

The feisty feline was loaded, with some difficulty, onto a police pickup truck, where it attempted to free itself by leaping to escape the vehicle, despite being shackled.

Community spokesperson Romeo Sánchez said it was the first time a cougar related incident had been reported in the area, despite their natural habitat only being one kilometer away.

Diego Guzmán related the events on social media. “This morning a cougar arrived near my parents’ house in Tama [Tamazulápam], probably looking for food. It took refuge by an avocado tree owned by my neighbors; after a few hours community members and the authorities managed to capture and later release it,” he said.  

Oaxaca is the natural habitat of five species of felines: the cougar, the jaguar, the ocelot, the lynx, and the jaguarundi.

With reports from El Universal and Milenio 

When revolution came to Cuernavaca, this British hotelier saw it all

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Zapatistas hijack a train bound for Cuernavaca
Zapatistas hijacking a train bound for Cuernavaca, Morelos. Ministry of Culture

She had the most fashionable hotel in all of Cuernavaca in the early 1900s, but then lost it all in a whirlwind of violence, running for her life.

Rosa Eleanor King was born in Karachi in 1865 to a tea plantation family during the British Empire. These beginnings did not suggest that she would be a witness to the Mexican Revolution, but she got an up-close-and-personal view of it as the fighting came to Cuernavaca. She even hosted the Revolution’s military leaders and high-level political figures in her hotel.

As an adult, she first immigrated to the United States, where she met and married Norman Robson King. From there, the couple traveled to Mexico and both fell in love with it, visiting various times, then moving to Mexico City. In 1905, they visited Cuernavaca, but it did not quite strike their fancy.

In August of 1907, Norman died suddenly, leaving behind Rosa and their two small children. Rather than return to England, King built a new life in Mexico, returning to Cuernavaca. She arrived during the rainy season, when everything was lush and green, improving her opinion of the place.

Prior to this, she had never worked, never mind run a business, but she did understand the expat community and others in the leisure class in Mexico.

Rosa King
British citizen Rosa King was born and raised in Mumbai. This portrait of her was taken in the 1910s in Veracruz.

She rented an old grocery store and turned it into an English-style teahouse, a place for foreigners and upper-class Mexicans to pass the time. She added what she called a “curiosity shop,” filled with local handcrafts, especially ceramics. To keep it filled, she started a ceramic workshop in a nearby indigenous community.

By 1909, the businesses were doing well enough for her to take the Morelos governor’s suggestion that she buy and remodel the Bella Vista Hotel in the center of Cuernavaca. Her modern update of the hotel opened in June of 1910, right as she was hearing rumblings of the activities of revolutionary Emiliano Zapata.

She was well aware of the poverty of the countryside and the hard life of the peasants and sympathized with them. But she had trouble believing that Zapata’s efforts would amount to more than any of the other uprisings in Mexico before him.

Zapata did enter Cuernavaca to meet with new president Francisco I. Madero after previous president Porfirio Díaz had been ousted after more than 30 years in office. Zapata assured King of her and her hotel’s safety, and he kept that promise.

The hotel weathered the initial storm of the Mexican Revolution, even as King’s wealthy patrons fled. Politicians and military leaders from various factions of the revolution took their place.

But then this changed with the coming of a counter-coup against Madero that brought Victoriano Huerta to power. The various rebel factions, including the Zapatistas, were incensed. Fighting escalated.

Former Bella Vista Hotel in Cuernavaca
An early 20th-century postcard with an image of King’s version of the hotel.

Rosa still hoped to save her hotel, but warfare destroyed the railroad connection to Mexico City and the Zapatistas had laid siege to Cuernavaca.

When federal troops decided that they could no longer hold it, King went with the last column of soldiers out of the city, fleeing into the mountains. This is the climax and by far the bloodiest part of the story, as the Zapatistas began to pick off members of the caravan. Of 8,000 people, only 2,000 made it to safety, but Rosa was one of them.

This tale is chronicled in her book, Tempest Over Mexico, published in 1935. It also tells the story of her experiences through the rest of the war, when she lived in Mexico City, then Veracruz.

She returned to Cuernavaca after the Zapatistas were driven out in 1916, only to find that there was no way to rebuild in a city that was all but destroyed. Later, her property was declared abandoned, and she lost the title to it.

After the fighting was completely over, her children settled in Mexico City, but Rosa decided to return to Cuernavaca.

There was no hope for the hotel, nor for any other kind of business for King due to her health, but she felt she belonged there and stayed in Cuernavaca until her death in 1955.

John Barnett, grandson of author Rosa King
Rosa King’s grandson, John Barnett, at front with driver, in 1930s Mexico.

What strikes me while reading her book, especially near the end, is how Rosa came to terms with all this.

Several times during the story, she talks about feeling that she wasn’t or shouldn’t have been affected by the Revolution because she was a foreigner. But by the end of the memoir, she discards this notion, deciding that she was a worm in a furrow that the farmer would not stop for (her analogy).

Despite losing everything — and almost her life — King expressed no bitterness at her fate nor anger at Zapata. The Revolution was inevitable, she said, considering conditions for the poor at the time.

The hotel was rebuilt and still exists by the city’s Juárez garden but now houses a number of shops.

In the 1950s, King was offered US $100,000 for the movie rights to her book, a fortune in those days. She turned it down because they wanted to make changes to the story.

This would be a problem later for her family as a later attempt to make a Hollywood movie stumbled over the same problem: great-grandson Phillip Barnett believes that one problem for would-be moviemakers is that King’s story has no love interest.

Former Bella Vista Hotel in Cuernavaca
The Hotel Bella Vista, long after King lost her title to it. INAH

“It is not enough that she was a strong woman surviving an impossible circumstance,” he says.

Rosa’s initial descendants stayed in Mexico, but over the generations they have migrated north. Boarding school in Canada had much to do with this as various generations got their education there, made contacts and settled down.

Most are descended from Rosa’s daughter Vera, with last names such as Barnett, Pantalone and Dawe.

Few are left in Mexico, but Mexico is part of the family’s identity, and one member even decided to return to the land of his grandmother.

Phillip Barnett was raised north of the border but calls himself a rebel and returned south.

Perhaps it is more accurate to say that he inherited that aspect of Rosa’s personality that could not be happy anywhere else.

Bella Vista hotel building
Architectural features such as its distinctive arches are all that’s left of the former hotel, which now houses several shops in downtown Cuernavaca.

To read Rosa King’s story, download a free digital copy of Tempest Over Mexico in either EPUB or PDF format at its website.

Leigh Thelmadatter arrived in Mexico 18 years ago and fell in love with the land and the culture in particular its handcrafts and art. She is the author of Mexican Cartonería: Paper, Paste and Fiesta (Schiffer 2019). Her culture column appears regularly on Mexico News Daily.

Frida Kahlo painting sells for record US $34.9 million

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diego y yo frida kahlo
A detail view of the 1949 painting.

A self-portrait by internationally famous Mexican artist Frida Kahlo sold for just under US $34.9 million at an auction in New York on Tuesday, the highest price ever recorded for a piece of Latin American art.

Sotheby’s auction house sold Diego y yo (Diego and I) for $34.88 million to Eduardo F. Costantini, an Argentine real estate developer and founder of an art museum in Buenos Aires.

Painted in 1949 and last sold in 1990 for $1.4 million, a record for a Latin American artwork at the time, the self-portrait – in which Kahlo included a miniature portrait of her husband Diego Rivera on her forehead – smashed the previous record for an artwork by a Latin American artist. Rivera’s painting Los Rivales (The Rivals) set the previous record when it sold for $9.8 million in 2018.

Diego y yo is the last major self-portrait Kahlo painted before her death in 1954 at the age of 47. Sotheby’s said the artist reached “the apex of her technical mastery” around the time the painting was made.

It depicts Kahlo with her iconic monobrow and three teardrops rolling down her face. Her hair appears to be choking her.

diego y yo
The painting has been described as ‘a summary of all of Kahlo’s passion and pain.’

Emerging from Kahlo’s trademark monobrow is a miniature portrait of Rivera – one of Mexico’s most acclaimed muralists – with a third eye on his forehead. According to art critics, the image of Diego is representative of his prominence in Frida’s consciousness.

The couple married in 1929, divorced in 1940 and remarried later the same year. While their relationship lasted more than two decades, both Kahlo and Rivera had dalliances and affairs over the years.

According to The Washington Post, the anguish and sorrow depicted in Diego y yo could be the product of the pain Kahlo felt when Rivera began an affair with her friend and Mexican actress María Felíx the same year she painted the self-portrait.

Sotheby’s Latin America art director said in a statement that Diego y yo is more than just a beautiful artwork, describing it as a “summary of all of Kahlo’s passion and pain, a tour de force of the raw emotive power of the artist at the peak of her abilities.”

The auction house said in a statement sent to the Post that the artwork will be added to Costantini’s private collection. The identity of the seller is not publicly known.

With reports from The Washington Post and Reforma 

Canada freezes Mexico 2-1 under wintry conditions in Edmonton

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El Tri on the field Tuesday in Edmonton.
El Tri on the field Tuesday in Edmonton.

Mexico’s national soccer team was defeated 2-1 Tuesday by Canada at a World Cup qualifying match in Edmonton, Alberta, playing under wintry conditions with the temperature at -9 C.

It was the second loss in a week for El Tri, as the men’s team is known, after the United States’ team won 2-0 in Cincinnati, Ohio, November 12.

Mexico was tied for first place with the U.S. before the game in Ohio but is now in third, with Canada at the top and the United States second in CONCACAF (Confederation of North, Central America and Caribbean Association Football) standings.

Only the top three of the eight CONCACAF nations will automatically qualify for the 2022 World Cup. Tuesday’s defeat leaves El Tri in a treacherous position, only ahead of Panama. 

The fourth-placed team will still have the chance to qualify through an inter-confederation playoff match. 

Conditions on the pitch were poor on Tuesday, despite the forecast snow clearing before kick-off, ESPN reported.

Canada’s Cyle Larin scored both goals against Mexico goalkeeper Guillermo Ochoa who wasn’t helped much by El Tri’s blunted attack, which failed to register a single shot on goal in the first half, the newspaper Reforma reported.

A late goal from Hector Herrera put Mexico on the board, but their last-gasp efforts to secure an equalizer were thwarted by Canada goalkeeper Milan Borjan.

The teams played before a crowd of 44,212 although organizers said 50,000 tickets were sold. Heavy snow on Monday and Tuesday were blamed for the no-shows.

Memories of a freezing Edmonton could yet act as motivation for El Tri: if they qualify for the World Cup, they can expect scorching desert-like heat in Qatar.

El Tri next plays a qualifier against Jamaica, which tied with the United States in its last match, before playing home games against Costa Rica and Panama in empty stadiums as a punishment for homophobic chanting by fans.

With reports from Reforma and ESPN

Government announces new tourism security battalion as part of National Guard

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Defense Minister Sandoval
Defense Minister Sandoval at the presidential press conference Wednesday.

The National Guard will patrol tourist destinations in Quintana Roo with a new tourism security battalion. 

The new force will be formed of 1,445 National Guardsmen and begin operations on December 1 to combat crime in the Riviera Maya, which encompasses Tulum.

The latter destination has seen a rapid rise in violence, with an 80.5% jump in homicides in the first nine months of the year in annual terms.  

Defense Minister Luis Cresencio Sandoval announced the formation of the new security force at President López Obrador’s morning news conference on Wednesday, held in Cancún. He said the battalion’s priority will be serving the municipalities of Benito Juárez (Cancún), Solidaridad (Playa del Carmen) and Tulum, locations with the state’s highest crime rates.

The force could be replicated in other parts of the country that are dependent on tourism. “It will be possible to take this model that we will use here … to apply it in other areas of the republic, in the main tourist centers …” he said.

The president confirmed that violence in the area in recent weeks had triggered the creation of the battalion. “They are painful events because nationals and foreigners lost their lives. That cannot be repeated, we have to prevent that from happening, that is why we have the plan to reinforce security,” he said.

Business organizations called on the government earlier this month to reinforce security in the state after shootings in Tulum and Puerto Morelos.

The armed forces has seen its list of duties grow significantly under the López Obrador administration. Apart from security, military personnel have distributed gasoline, textbooks, vaccines and medication and are in charge of border surveillance, the detention and inspection of migrants and the construction and operation of the new Felipe Ángeles airport, set to open next year near Mexico City.

With reports from El Universal and Expansión Política

US signals that 2 potentially contentious issues will be on summit agenda

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north american flags
The leaders of Mexico, the US and Canada meet Thursday in Washington.

Cuba and energy loom as potentially contentious issues at Thursday’s North American Leaders Summit in Washington D.C., where President López Obrador will meet face to face with United States President Joe Biden and Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau for the first time since he took office in late 2018.

United States officials have indicated that the situation in Cuba, where a nationwide protest planned for Monday was suppressed before it happened, and energy integration will be on the agenda at the White House summit, the first between the leaders of the three North American nations since 2016.

According to an unnamed high-ranking United States official cited by the newspaper El País, Biden will ask López Obrador and Trudeau to join forces with the U.S. to demand that the Cuban government respect those who are seeking greater freedoms in the Caribbean island nation.

Monday’s planned “Civic March for Change” – at which Cubans opposed to the government intended to protest the lack of freedom under Communist Party rule and build on the momentum generated by mass demonstrations in July – fizzled because Cuban security forces prevented dissidents from leaving their houses to take to the streets.

Biden’s national security advisor said in a statement Monday that the Cuban regime had “predictably deployed a set piece of harsh prison sentences, sporadic arrests, intimidation tactics, and acts of repudiation all in an attempt to silence the voice of Cuban people.”

“… By its actions, the Cuban regime failed to respect the civil and political rights enumerated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and international human rights treaties ratified by Cuba, including the right to peaceful assembly and association, the right to freedom of opinion and expression, and freedom from arbitrary arrest, detention, or exile,” Jake Sullivan added.

An attempt by the United States to gain the support of its neighbors to pressure Cuba is unlikely to be well received by López Obrador, who has indicated his support for the Cuban government on repeated occasions and hosted President Miguel Díaz-Canel as a guest of honor at this year’s Independence celebrations.

He has also railed against the United States’ embargo against Cuba, and Foreign Minister Marcelo Ebrard told the United Nations General Assembly in September that “an end to the economic blockade against Cuba is urgent.”

“You can’t choke the Cubans who have decided to stay in Cuba,” López Obrador said Monday. “I’m against the blockade, I believe it’s inhumane. Nobody has the right to cause people to rebel against their government via these practices,” he said.

Conflicting views on energy policy could cause another flashpoint at Thursday’s summit. López Obrador sent a constitutional bill to Congress in October that seeks to overhaul electricity market rules so that the state-owned Federal Electricity Commission is guaranteed a 54% share.

The proposed reform, which would represent a significant blow to private and foreign power companies that operate in Mexico and likely scuttle future private investment in the sector, has been criticized by United States Ambassador Ken Salazar, although he expressed cautious confidence last week that the two countries could reach a mutually agreeable resolution.

López Obrador, Biden and Trudeau
López Obrador, Biden and Trudeau: the ‘three amigos’ are back.

López Obrador said last week he didn’t expect his proposed electricity reform would be a topic for discussion in Washington, but U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs Brian Nichols said that energy issues will be on the agenda.

“I don’t want to totally preview the president’s meeting but I will say there will be a broad discussion of integrating North American supply chains, labor issues [and] ensuring that we continue to make progress in North American energy integration,” he told the U.S. House of Representatives Foreign Affairs Committee on Tuesday.

“[These] are some of the examples of the issues in USMCA [that will be up for discussion],” Nichols said, referring to the North American free trade agreement that took effect in July last year.

United States companies have denounced the Mexican government’s energy policies and plans, including the proposed electricity reform and oil sector changes, arguing that they violate the USMCA.

The United States’ top oil lobby, the American Petroleum Institute, wrote to the U.S. government twice earlier this year to ask it to urge the Mexican government to uphold its trade agreement commitments to treat American petroleum sector investors and exporters fairly.

Canadian companies, and Canada’s ambassador to Mexico, have also raised concerns about Mexico’s energy sector policies and plans, which in a nutshell seek to give the state greater control at the expense of private and foreign companies.

While issues related to Cuba and energy could cause discord, Thursday’s trilateral meeting – the first gathering in five years of the so-called “three amigos” – is slated to focus more on commonality and cooperation than things that divide the nations.

The White House said in a statement last week that the countries will reaffirm their strong ties and integration during the summit, “while also charting a new path for collaboration on ending the COVID-19 pandemic and advancing health security; competitiveness and equitable growth, to include climate change; and a regional vision for migration.”

Foreign Minister Ebrard said the main issues Mexico will raise are development cooperation for southern Mexico and Central America, “regional economic integration to promote investment in our country,” preparation for the next pandemic and “how to achieve fair economic recovery in 2022 and 2023.”

With reports from El País and Reforma 

70 Mormon missionaries victims of armed robbery in Coahuila

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Alfredo Guadalupe Zanudo, president of Mormon mission in Torreon
Mission president Alfredo Zanudo and his wife Guadalupe were threatened with a knife in the attack. Church of Latter-day Saints

Seventy Mormon missionaries in Torreón, Coahuila, were robbed by armed men last Friday.

The attackers, who the church’s spokesperson Sam Pernod said in a statement entered a church meetinghouse in the Ampliación Los Ángeles neighborhood, demanded cell phones, tablets, watches and wallets from the 57 men and 13 women of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 

Mission president Alfredo Zanudo and his wife Guadalupe were threatened with a knife. Some missionaries in the group were hit and kicked, but no one required medical attention, Penrod said.

Penrod added that the men were carrying guns but did not say that they were used to threaten the missionaries. 

The head of the local Attorney General’s Office, Maurilio Ochoa Rivera, said that the assailants’ movements had been tracked after they tried to withdraw money using a stolen bank card.

Torreón’s Chief of Police Manuel Pineda Rangel said the crime was the first of its kind, according to police records. “We checked the crime statistics, and there are no reports of a similar event,” he said.

He added that patrols would be increased around religious sites and places where large groups gather to avoid any further large-scale robberies.

Penrod said that the Church of Latter-day Saints was taking additional precautions.

“Missionaries have been removed from the area where the incident occurred and instructed to be extra cautious. A church security officer is in Torreón to evaluate the situation,” he said. “Our prayers are with these missionaries and their families as they recover from this frightening and traumatic experience.”

With reports from Milenio