Tuesday, March 18, 2025

The story of Mexico’s national anthem and its banned verses

In Mexico, September is the month of las fiestas patrias (patriotic festivities) — a time for flags, fireworks and, of course, singing the himno nacional, or national anthem. But Mexicans today don’t sing the song as it was originally written.

In 1853, president Antonio López de Santa Anna hosted a contest to create this symbol of national pride, calling for submissions from poets and musicians. Out of 26 participants who submitted lyrics, a poem was chosen by Francisco González Bocanegra, originally from San Luis Potosí.

The poem, a colorful ode to the country’s military glory and national fortitude, was supposedly written by González under duress. Legend has it that his fiancée had such extraordinary faith in his talents that she locked him in a room filled with images from Mexican history and refused to let him out until he finished the lyrics.

After González’s lyrics were chosen, it was time to put them to music, and among the entries was a composition by Jaime Nunó, a Spaniard who had met Santa Anna on a trip to Cuba and had just arrived in Mexico to work as a band director.

Mexican National Anthem - "Himno Nacional Mexicano" (ES/EN)
Mexico’s National Anthem.

Nunó’s music was chosen to accompany Bocanegra’s lines, but even though his work was the official choice, many Mexicans didn’t like the fact that Nunó was a foreigner and felt that both the lyrics and the music of the national anthem should be written by Mexicans.

In the end, Nunó’s music was selected despite local grumbling, and the anthem was first heard on September 15, 1854, at the Santa Anna Theater in Mexico City (what would later become the National Theater). That first playing of the anthem was under the direction of orchestra leader and double bass virtuoso Giovanni Bottesini, an Italian who had also participated in the national contest.

Because President Santa Anna wasn’t present for this first performance, it wasn’t considered the anthem’s official debut, instead, it was “debuted” the following day, with musicians directed by Nunó himself.

Santa Anna, then anthem’s sponsor, would eventually be vilified by many Mexicans as the leader responsible for losing over half of Mexico’s national territory to the United States. By 1943, during the presidency of Manuel Ávila Camacho, a new official version of the anthem was published that excluded several stanzas referring to Santa Anna.

The verses about Agustín de Iturbide, an Independence-era general and the country’s first emperor, were also removed. According to Mexican law, a singer can be fined a whopping 900,000 pesos for singing the banned stanzas of the anthem or modifying the lyrics.

With reports from La Silla Rota, Excelsior, Velas Resorts Magazine, and Milenio

Have something to say? Paid Subscribers get all access to make & read comments.
Two police officers with their backs to the camera standing in front of a police sedan. Their jackets say "SSPC Investigacion." Between them is a man facing the camera with his arms cuffed behind his back. His eyes are digitally covered with a black bar to hide his identity.

Mexico arrests alleged MS-13 leader on FBI’s most wanted list

0
Francisco Román, arrested in Veracruz Monday, is wanted in the U.S. for drug trafficking and ordering numerous of acts of violence. He was allegedly in Mexico to liaise with cartels.
Woman in a Mexican supermarket holding cans of food in her hands while a little boy with her sits on the floor next to her and grabs a can on the lowest shelf.

OECD forecasts Mexico recession in 2025-2026; Sheinbaum pushes back

0
The new prediction is based on the expectation that 25% U.S. tariffs on most Mexican imports will begin in April. 
The USS Gravely

US destroyer ship in Gulf waters is ‘not an attack on Mexico,’ says Sheinbaum

1
The USS Gravely departed Naval Weapons Station Yorktown, Virginia, on Saturday and is headed toward the northern Gulf of Mexico, per the Pentagon.
Is Mexico's first female president protecting women?