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Why don’t the potholes go away? Chamba’s Law explains this and other mysteries

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An acorn woodpecker hard at work inside a telephone pole.
An acorn woodpecker hard at work inside a telephone pole.

I live in the rustic community of Pinar de la Venta, located high in the hills west of Guadalajara. For months I watched woodpeckers — which abound in this area — hollow out the telephone pole in front of my house to build their new home.

The problem was that the hole they were working on was their fourth attempt at nest making and I wondered just how many holes that pole could take before it snapped. I also wondered whether male woodpeckers face the same problems as male weaver birds which have to “try, try again” until their lady loves say, “Yes, this nest is perfect.”

Woodpecker homemaking seems to involve more destruction than construction and I’m amazed their species is still with us.

The day after the telephone pole broke in two, Telmex came out and replaced it — with a brand-new wooden pole identical to the previous one.

“Isn’t that funny,” I said to our sagacious gardener, Don Pancho. “You’d think they’d put up a concrete pole, wouldn’t you?”

Don Pancho: there are two ways to repair a cobblestone road.
Don Pancho: there are two ways to repair a cobblestone road.

Don Pancho had a very different take on the matter.

Bueno, I wouldn‘t think that, at all. Putting up a concrete pole would be against the Ley de la Chamba.”

Now chamba is slang for a paying job. “What has chamba to do with it?” I asked Don Pancho.

“Those carpinteros (woodpeckers) are providing a big chamba for the Telmex guys who put up poles. If they installed concrete or metal ones, they’d be out of a job en un dos por tres [in nothing flat].  Instead, they’ve got a chamba permanente just putting up poles here in Pinar de la Venta.”

Well, a light went on in my head and suddenly a lot of mysterious things I’d noticed in Mexico no longer seemed so mysterious at all.

camel in a pothole
The mystery of Mexico’s perpetual potholes has been resolved.

Chamba’s Law, I think, might read as follows: “Fix it so it’ll soon need fixing again.” I asked Don Pancho if he could give me another example of Chamba’s Law in action.

He pointed beneath my feet.

“See these cobblestones? When they come loose, there are two ways to fix the problem. One way — which was developed during centuries of trial and error — results in such an excellent repair job that those cobblestones will never work their way loose again in your lifetime.

“The other way lasts about a year. Both repair jobs look the same to the untrained eye. If the maintenance men used the first method, they’d have to go far away from home to find more chamba.”

After hearing this explanation, I understood why so many streets and roads always seem to be full of baches (potholes) even though those baches are filled in on a regular basis.

I used to joke that the repair crews must be filling the potholes with atole (watery corn mush) because every time it rains, the same old baches always reappear as if by magic.

Weaver-bird nests. Male weaver birds go to great lengths to please their partners.
Weaver-bird nests. Male weaver birds go to great lengths to please their partners.

Now I know it’s not magic, but good old economics, maybe the very same principle impelling carpinteros to keep making more holes until they’ve destroyed their home. Ha ha, and I used to think they were the birdbrains!

The writer has lived near Guadalajara, Jalisco, for more than 30 years and is the author of A Guide to West Mexico’s Guachimontones and Surrounding Area and co-author of Outdoors in Western Mexico. More of his writing can be found on his website.

12 judges in Jalisco under investigation for corruption

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Jalisco Governor Alfaro is confident that corrupt judges are going to jail.

The Federal Judiciary Council (CJF) and Attorney General’s Office (FGR) have opened investigations into 12 Jalisco judges for corruption and ties to organized crime.

The Financial Intelligence Unit (UIF) has already frozen the bank accounts of two of the suspects.

Among the judges under investigation is one who in April ordered the release of one of the state’s most wanted narco-traffickers. The released gangster is believed responsible for the murder of a police officer involved in his arrest.

Led by President López Obrador’s legal advisor Julio Scherer, the head of the CJF and Supreme Court president Arturo Zaldívar, the investigative unit is working in coordination with Jalisco Governor Enrique Alfaro.

Alfaro declined to comment on the investigation, but maintained that its results will be exemplary in the purge of Mexico’s judicial system, both at the state and federal levels.

“The committee already had initial results with changes to the federal judiciary branch, but I believe that in the following weeks, it will have important results in the state judiciary,” he said. “There are several cases currently under investigation, documentation is being consolidated, [and] in some cases we have already frozen accounts of some magistrates and judges.”

“It’s a program that is working well, and we hope that it can serve as a reference for other states, that they will be able to initiate purge processes in their judicial systems. In the case of Jalisco, it is an urgent matter, and although they are long and complex processes that are carefully being carried out, I believe that in the end they will yield good results.”

Alfaro is confident that the investigations will lead to the imprisonment of the corrupt judges.

“I believe that it will be highly relevant that these people that have so damaged our state with their power to impart justice will soon pay the consequences for their actions and end up in jail.”

Source: Reforma (sp)

Students join cleanup after vandals attack university

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Vandals start a fire at a university bookstore on Thursday.
Vandals start a fire at a university bookstore on Thursday.

Students at the National Autonomous University (UNAM) joined staff in cleaning up after vandals attacked a bookstore on campus.

“While criminals vandalize the university, the students protect their heritage,” read a tweet on the official UNAM account.

A march on Thursday to protest sexual assault carried out against students on campus ended in vandalism when protesters broke windows at a bookstore and looted books before setting it on fire.

They also burned a Mexican flag and spray painted messages including “Rapists” and “Not voting, Not praying, Fighting” on buildings and the flagpole plinth.

UNAM rector Enrique Graue and the university’s general secretary carried out an inspection of the damages after the protesters had left.

They confirmed that damage had also been done to a mural painted by David Alfaro Siqueiros on the facade of the rector’s building.

Students from many university colleges have shown their support for the movement by striking, including students at other campuses in Aragón, in Mexico City, and Cuautitlán, in México state.

There were also strikes in the colleges of political science, philosophy and literature and science and humanities.

Sources: El Universal (sp)

AMLO’s approval rating drops 10 points but on security it’s down 20

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The president's performance on a scale of 1 to 10 since August 2018.
The president's performance on a scale of 1 to 10 since August 2018.

President López Obrador’s approval rating has fallen 10 points following a spike in cartel violence, a new poll shows, but he retains the support of almost six in 10 Mexicans.

Published by the newspaper El Universal on Friday, the survey shows that 58.7% of 1,000 people polled approve of the president’s performance. When the newspaper’s last poll was published in late August, López Obrador, or AMLO as he is commonly known, had an approval rating of 68.7%.

The percentage of respondents who disapprove of the president’s performance increased to 22.9% from 19.8% in August, while the number of those who neither approve nor disapprove grew to 16% from 10%.

The government’s failure to reduce violence since it took office last December has dealt the most damaging blow to López Obrador’s popularity.

In March, just over 50% of respondents approved of both the strategy to fight crime in general and drug cartels specifically but the latest poll shows that support has fallen about 20 points to 31.1% and 32% respectively.

The survey was conducted three weeks after the botched attempt to capture Ovidio Guzmán López, son of Joaquín “El Chapo” Guzmán, in Culiacán, Sinaloa, and two days after the November 4 massacre of nine members of the LeBarón family near the Sonora-Chihuahua border.

While the president’s rating on security has taken a sizable hit, his overall performance has declined by a more modest margin.

In March, poll respondents gave AMLO an average performance rating of 7.72. The rating fell to 7.33 in June and 7.22 in August.

This month, despite the surging violence, the president’s rating only deteriorated slightly to 6.99 even though less than a third of those polled believe that López Obrador has Mexico’s problems under control.

Seven in 10 respondents said that, given the opportunity, they would vote in favor of AMLO continuing his term, a decline of just 4% compared to August, and 63.1% said that they didn’t regret voting for him at the 2018 election, 1.3% less than three months ago.

A majority of poll respondents approved of the president’s performance in the areas of education, healthcare and poverty alleviation but only a third or less approved of his response to protests and migration and the way in which he deals with opposition parties.

Asked to name the greatest achievement of the López Obrador administration, 27.4% cited its social programs while the second most common response – cited by 14% of respondents – was that there hasn’t been one.

The next most commonly mentioned achievements were the crackdown on fuel theft, the fight against corruption and management of the economy (despite stagnant growth).

Just over a fifth of poll respondents said the federal security strategy – which aims to avoid the use of force wherever possible – is the government’s biggest mistake while 13% said that it hasn’t made any errors.

The approach to combating drug trafficking was considered the government’s biggest mistake by 8.2% of those polled, 6% cited the failure to curb violence and 5.1% said that social programs were the greatest error of the López Obrador administration.

Less than half of respondents said that they expect the president to keep his campaign promises but 55.5% said that Mexico will improve under his leadership. Only 14% said that the situation in the country will get worse while just under a quarter said that things will remain the same.

Although the government is just two weeks shy of reaching its first anniversary, six in 10 of those polled believe that it is too soon to begin to evaluate its performance.

Source: El Universal (sp) 

Aspiring teachers arrested in Oaxaca, others steal buses in México state

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Free Coca-Cola.
Free Coca-Cola.

Teacher training college students in Oaxaca and México state have continued their protests by blocking highways and hijacking buses and delivery vehicles.

But in a rare move, police arrested some of the protesters.

Federal Police in Oaxaca arrested 53 students of the Rural Vanguard School of Tamazulapan on Thursday after students had hijacked and looted delivery trucks at the San Pablo Huitzo toll plaza on the Oaxaca-Mexico City highway.

The federal roads and bridges commission (Capufe) filed a complaint against the students in response to numerous robbery reports from motorists and truck drivers.

Students spokeswoman Yesenia López said they were carrying out a campaign in support of students of the Mactumactzá, Chiapas, teachers’ college, who were arrested for carrying out similar protests last week.

The CNTE teachers’ union reported that the students were released around 4:45pm on Thursday after paying for damages.

Also on Thursday morning, students of the Lázaro Cárdenas teachers’ college in Tenería, México state, commandeered 22 Flecha Roja buses at four different bus stations.

The students demanded the withdrawal of 42 complaints filed against them for having taken similar actions in the past, as well as the release of fellow classmate Andrés Gutiérrez Bautista, who is currently in custody.

Michoacán has also seen unrest among teacher training students in recent weeks.

Beginning in late October, students in Morelia blocked roads and railroad tracks, costing as much as 500 million pesos (US $26 million) in economic damages.

Sources: Milenio (sp), El Financiero (sp)

7 dead after security forces clash with ‘Hell’s Army’ in Nuevo Laredo

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Clashes in Nuevo Laredo killed 6 hitmen.
Clashes in Nuevo Laredo killed 6 hitmen.

Six members of the Northeast Cartel’s military wing, known as Hell’s Army, died in confrontations with security forces in the border city of Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, on Thursday.

According to official reports, the fighting left one soldier dead and three wounded.

State security spokesman Luis Felipe Rodríguez said there were three separate incidents.

“Armed civilians assaulted security forces in three situations that took place in Nuevo Laredo as a result of the patrols carried out by military personnel to inhibit the actions of criminal groups,” Rodríguez said.

Initial reports said the attacks began when cartel hitmen opened fire on soldiers and stopped an army vehicle with traffic spikes to puncture its tires.

The attacks were initially believed to have been related to the transfer of 75 inmates from the local prison, but authorities rejected the claim and said the inmates were transported without incident.

Images of the clash recalled the confrontations in August that left as many as 12 gangsters dead near the Nuevo Laredo airport and outside an army barracks.

Among the dead in August was 16-year-old Juanito Pistola, a minor who had been recruited by Hell’s Army cartel at a young age. According to social media reports, Pistola had been arrested in 2015, but was later released as he was only 13 at the time.

Riding in one of the attacking vehicles, Pistola was decapitated by gunfire during the fighting. Following his death, a video on social media showed him carrying weapons, drinking alcohol and flipping off the camera. Background music was an original narco rap ballad dedicated to him.

Thursday’s actions came on the heels of attacks on security forces in Nuevo Laredo, one of which left a state police officer wounded.

Source: Vanguardia MX (sp)

Parallel narco-governments need to be stopped, warns US ambassador

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Soldiers went on parade Thursday in Culiacán, Sonora, to mark the opening of military exhibition in the city.
Soldiers went on parade Thursday in Culiacán, Sonora, to mark the opening of a military exhibition in the city.

Criminal organizations function as parallel governments in parts of Mexico and their power will only increase unless an effort is made to stop them, United States Ambassador Christopher Landau warned on Thursday.

“We’ve already seen that in several parts of Mexico there is . . . a parallel narco-government . . . where on the surface it appears that everything is normal, right?” Landau said at a symposium in Monterrey, Nuevo León.

“People go to school, to the movie theater, but they don’t meddle with the narcos – [who] really have the power. The territory where they have this kind of power cannot be [allowed] to continue expanding through the republic. It’s very important for the future of Mexico. If we don’t combat it now, it will get much worse,” the ambassador said.

Referring to the unprecedented show of cartel strength in Culiacán, Sinaloa, last month that was triggered by an operation to capture a son of Joaquín “El Chapo” Guzmán, Landau asked:

“If Culiacán doesn’t wake us all up to the reality of the situation, I don’t know what we are waiting for. If [organized crime] is not stopped, this is a threat that is going to get worse.”

Drug demand in US among causes of violence in Mexico, ambassador admits.
Drug demand in US among causes of violence in Mexico, ambassador admits.

He added: “We have to confront these security challenges; it’s extremely important for the future of Mexico. It cannot be that there are groups of criminals that have control of part of the territory, that’s basic to sovereignty. It must be the army that has the monopoly.”

The ambassador acknowledged that the demand for drugs in the United States and the trafficking of U.S. arms to Mexico are causes of the violence plaguing the country.

“. . . It’s an embarrassment that there are so many drugs in my country. I don’t understand why this happens in a nation that provides so many opportunities,” Landau said.

He said that United States authorities are investigating 200 cases of arms trafficking to Mexico and that 19 people were arrested in connection with one case related to a weapon found in Guadalajara, Jalisco.

The ambassador emphasized the need for cooperation between Mexico and the United States on three binational issues: organized crime, the illegal trafficking of weapons and drugs, and illegal immigration.

“Neither of our countries is safe if the other one isn’t, neither country can face up to organized crime on its own. This is a shared responsibility,” Landau said.

After the massacre of nine members of a Mormon family on November 4, United States President Donald Trump said the U.S. was prepared to help Mexico “wage war” on drug cartels but President López Obrador declined the offer.

Concluding his address, Landau said he didn’t want to be an ambassador who only makes speeches but rather one who plays a role in achieving successful security cooperation between Mexico and the United States.

The ambassador, who took up his position in August, also said that a prosperous Mexico is important for the economy of the United States.

Source: Milenio (sp) 

Buen Fin, Mexico’s Black Friday, expected to generate 118bn pesos in sales

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Buen Fin starts on Friday.
Buen Fin starts on Friday.

Buen Fin, the annual four-day shopping event similar to Black Friday in the United States, will generate sales of at least 118 billion pesos (US $6.1 billion), a business leader predicted on Thursday.

“An [economic] spillover of more than 118 billion pesos is expected, 5% more than in 2018 and triple the first edition in 2011,” José Manuel López Campos, president of the Confederation of Chambers of Commerce, Services and Tourism (Concanaco), told reporters at the presidential press conference.

The shopping event, during which hundreds of retailers will offer products at heavily discounted prices, begins Friday and runs through Monday.

Concanaco has developed a free mobile app that people can use to look up products that will be on sale and compare prices between retailers, López said.

The names of shoppers who make purchases with credit or debit cards will go into a raffle for a chance to win back the amount they spent.

Economy Secretary Márquez promotes Mexico's big shopping weekend at the president's press conference.
Economy Secretary Márquez promotes Mexico’s big shopping weekend at the president’s press conference.

Economy Secretary Graciela Márquez said that traditional bricks and mortar stores and online retailers will both participate in this year’s Buen Fin, or Good Weekend.

President López Obrador said he was confident that sales will be strong during the four-day event. He said the shopping event would benefit the economy and allow families to increase their purchasing power.

The president suggested that Buen Fin could be a good time to buy domestic appliances, clothes, shoes and books.

However, the head of the consumer protection agency Profeco urged people to be prudent.

“Before going out . . . get together as a family to decide what products you need to buy, let’s be reasonable in our consumption,” Ricardo Sheffield said.

Source: Reforma (sp), El Economista (sp) 

Beer maker admits it erred after filmmaker objects to its using his images

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The Victoria beer cans featuring the fimmaker and two monster creations.
The Victoria beer cans featuring the fimmaker and two monster creations.

Acclaimed film director Guillermo del Toro called out the maker of Victoria beer for using his image and those of characters in his films on beer cans without his permission.

The filmmaker denounced Victoria beer in a tweet on Thursday and urged the company to donate the profits earned from sales of the beer to young students competing in math and robotics competitions.

“Very poorly done, @VictoriaMX. These cans do not have my authorization, my consultation or my signature to use my image or my name . . .” he said.

Victoria, made by Grupo Modelo, responded by admitting that it had made a mistake.

“We would never take liberties with something like this, @RealGDT. We are reviewing where the wires got crossed. Apart from this, we will continue to support Mexican talent as we have done up to now,” tweeted the company.

Filmmaker del Toro.
Filmmaker del Toro.

Victoria beer was one of the sponsors of Del Toro’s At Home with my Monsters, an exhibition featuring over 900 objects the Oscar-winning director has used in the making of his films, such as costumes, notebooks, drawings and personal objects.

The exposition was on display at the University of Guadalajara Art Museum (MUSA) from June 1 to November 3 of this year.

The beer can collection features three specially designed cans, one featuring the director’s face, and the other two featuring monsters from his films Pan’s Labyrinth and The Shape of Water.

They were designed by illustrator Guy Davis, and are to be sold in convenience stores in Mexico City, Jalisco, San Luis Potosí, Michoacán and México state.

Sources: Milenio (sp), El Financiero (sp)

Mormon families’ exodus leaves workers worried about their jobs

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One of the funerals held for the nine people murdered in Chihuahua November 4.
A judge designated the 2019 murders of 9 members of a border-zone Mormon family as an act of terrorism. (File photo)

Dozens of people have lost their jobs in Bavispe, Sonora, due to the exodus of Mormon families following the massacre of three women and six children this month, and more workers are worried that they will suffer the same fate.

Many women previously employed as domestic workers and nannies in the small community of La Mora and men who worked as gardeners no longer have jobs, the newspaper Milenio reported.

About 100 people from La Mora, where most of the victims of the November 4 attack lived, and Colonia LeBarón in Chihuahua left Mexico last Saturday for the United States.

Workers who travel to La Mora from Bavispe as well as the municipalities of Bacerac and Huachinera to work on pecan farms owned by Mormon families fear that they too could find themselves out of a job.

“The Langfords and the Millers give us work here, we’ve been with them for 22 years. If they go, we’ll be left without food because that’s how we make a living,” said Héctor Durazo Martínez, a farmworker who earns about 2,000 pesos (US $100) a week.

“If we’re left without work, we’ll have to start over and where will we look? As things are at the moment, I think that we would struggle to find work,” he added.

The week after the massacre that also left five children wounded, La Mora looks like a ghost town, Milenio said. Just seven of 25 homes are occupied and the streets are deserted.

Lafe Langford and his family, relatives of the nine murder victims, are the latest people to pull up stakes. They left for Louisiana on Wednesday.

“I feel like I’ve got 10 tonnes of stones on my back and I need to go and see something different, I don’t want to see that road [where the massacre occurred],” Langford told Milenio.

“I went to Bavispe . . . to buy some cattle tags and I told the ladies there that I was going to leave, they hugged me and started to cry.”

Julian LeBarón, another relative of the murder victims, claimed that the exodus of Mormon families to the United States won’t be permanent.

In a radio interview, he said that many people who left their communities in northern Mexico did so to be close to the five wounded children who are in hospital in Tucson, Arizona.

LeBarón said he was confident that families planning to stay in the U.S. for the time being would eventually return to Mexico.

“In 2009 [when two members of the Mormon community were murdered] a lot of people left but they came back. This is our home, it’s what we’ve built over a century. We obviously don’t want to abandon it,” he said.

Colonia LeBarón, located southeast of La Mora, has had Federal Police protection since 2010 and the municipality in which the town is located, Galeana, is one of the safest in Chihuahua, LeBarón said.

Although the government announced on Monday that suspects had been arrested in connection with last week’s massacre, the community leader expressed doubt that justice will be served.

“There’s no justice for anyone in Mexico . . . We change the politicians and parties but the corrupt-to-the-core institutions remain the same . . .”

Source: Milenio (sp), Infobae (sp)