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Economy grew 4.3% annually in third quarter: INEGI

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An Audi employee at work at a manufacturing plant in San José Chiapa, Puebla.
Mexico has benefited from investment fueled by the "nearshoring," especially in car manufacturing. Pictured: an Audi employee at work at a manufacturing plant in San José Chiapa, Puebla. Carlos Aranda / Upslash

Mexico’s gross domestic product (GDP) increased 4.3% in the third quarter of 2022 compared to the same period of last year, preliminary data shows.

Seasonally adjusted data published by the national statistics agency INEGI on Monday showed that primary, secondary and tertiary economic activity increased 3.5%, 4% and 4.3%, respectively, in the July-August quarter.

Banco Base economic analyst Gabriela Siller said that the strong annual growth in the third quarter was due to a low comparison base, as GDP declined 0.5% in the same period last year.

Preliminary data also showed that growth was 2.7% in the first nine months of the year compared to the same period of 2021, and quarter-over-quarter growth was 1% in Q3. The latter result was above the 0.8% average growth forecast of analysts surveyed by Bloomberg, and slightly better than the 0.9% quarter-over-quarter expansion recorded between April and June.

A cargo ship leaves port in Manzanillo, Colima. Strong demand for exports has helped sustain economic growth this year.
A cargo ship leaves port in Manzanillo, Colima. Strong demand for exports has helped sustain economic growth this year. Depositphotos

Final third quarter data will be published on November 25. Based on the preliminary data, Mexico has now recorded annual growth during six consecutive quarters, and quarter-over-quarter growth in three successive three-month periods.

However, GDP — which slumped by over 8% in 2020 before growing almost 5% last year — has not yet reached the pre-pandemic levels of 2019. Janneth Quiroz, deputy director of economic analysis at the Monex financial group, said that GDP last quarter was at a similar level to that of the fourth quarter of 2017.

The federal Finance Ministry is forecasting GDP growth of 2.4% this year, saying in a statement Friday that economic activity remained “solid” in the third quarter. Growth in the number of formal sector jobs, a surge in remittances, tourism revenue, strong demand for Mexican-made and grown exports and foreign investment fueled by the nearshoring phenomenon are among the factors that have benefited the economy this year.

Deputy Finance Minister Gabriel Yorio predicted that Mexico’s GDP will continue to grow in 2023 even if the global economy slows. “While the world might enter a stage of … economic downturn, growth will continue to be positive in Mexico’s case,” he said.

The World Bank is forecasting that the Mexican economy will grow 1.5% next year, but Bloomberg reported earlier this month that “a near-certain U.S. recession” in 2023 “will likely pull Mexico’s economy into a contraction.”

With reports from El Financiero and El Economista 

Sempra and Silicon Valley Power sign deal for Baja California wind energy

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Wind turbines at Energía Sierra Juárez, another Sempra-operated wind farm in Tecate, Baja California.
Wind turbines at Energía Sierra Juárez, a privately owned wind farm in Tecate, Baja California. Sempra

The United States energy company Sempra intends to build a new wind farm in the Baja California municipality of Tecate, and already has a customer willing to buy the power it proposes to generate there.

Sempra Infrastructure (SI), a subsidiary of the San Diego-based firm, and Silicon Valley Power — a municipal electricity utility owned and operated by the city of Santa Clara, California — announced a 20-year power purchase agreement last Thursday.

The renewable energy is to be supplied to Santa Clara from “the proposed Cimarrón wind project, Sempra Infrastructure’s cross-border wind generation facility under development in Baja California,” SI said in a statement.

To be located less than 10 kilometers from the SI-operated Energía Sierra Juárez (ESJ) wind farm, “Cimarrón is expected to be a 300-megawatt (MW) wind generation facility,” the statement said, adding that clean energy would be delivered to a substation in San Diego County via Sempra Infrastructure’s existing cross-border high voltage transmission line.

“Cimarrón is being developed to include approximately 60 wind turbines with a capacity to produce enough energy equivalent to the annual energy consumption of more than 84,000 homes and is expected to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by nearly 210,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent per year,” SI said.

“The construction of the new facility is expected to create more than 2,000 direct and indirect jobs in Mexico with additional local community investment under Sempra Infrastructure’s framework for corporate giving as part of the company’s commitment to the communities where it operates,” the company said.

It added that the development of the planned project “is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including securing all necessary commercial agreements and permits and other factors, including reaching a final investment decision.”

Construction of the wind farm hasn’t yet commenced, but SI believes it could start generating power by the end of 2024.

The energy will go to power the city of Santa Clara, part of Silicon Valley (seen here from the nearby Mt. Hamilton).
The energy will go to power the city of Santa Clara, part of Silicon Valley (seen here from the nearby Mt. Hamilton). Depositphotos

CEO Justin Bird said the company is “excited to work with the City of Santa Clara, home to some of the world’s largest technology companies, to provide access to renewable energy that can help meet their energy demands while supporting their sustainable energy goals.”

SI’s agreement with Silicon Valley Power “underscores our commitment to advancing the development of our North American clean energy portfolio as we continue to help create a cleaner energy future,” he said.

Manuel Pineda, chief electric utility officer of Silicon Valley Power, said that the utility is “excited to partner with Sempra Infrastructure to add clean energy resources to help meet our sustainability and climate goals.”

SI didn’t say how much it intended to invested in the new project, but the outlay will likely be in the hundreds of millions of dollars. A total of US $450 million was spent on the two phases of the nearby 263-MW ESJ facility, which has 73 turbines.

SI operates another large wind farm in the Nuevo León municipality of General Bravo and a natural gas storage terminal in Ensenada, Baja California. The latter facility intends to start exporting gas to tap into growing global demand for the fuel.

SI also has plans to build a battery storage facility of up to 500 MW in Mexicali, Baja California, and an liquefied natural gas (LNG) export facility in Topolobampo, Sinaloa. The former is slated to serve California’s Imperial Valley, while the latter could ship gas to Asia.

The San Diego Union-Tribune reported that “export terminals on or near the Pacific are considered valuable because ships carrying LNG cargoes to natural gas-hungry markets in Asia can skip paying the tolls at the Panama Canal that facilities on the Gulf Coast must pay and can reach their destinations in about half the time.”

The federal government is planning to build a gas export hub in Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz, but that facility is slated to ship LNG to Europe rather than Asia. President López Obrador is increasing the state’s involvement in the energy sector, and his government has pursued a range of policies that are hostile to foreign firms, many of which generate renewable energy here.

Despite that, 17 United States energy companies have committed to invest in solar and wind projects in Mexico, the president said in June. Citing remarks made by López Obrador at the U.S.-Mexico CEO Dialogue in Washington D.C. in July, Foreign Affairs Minister Marcelo Ebrard said that U.S. companies in general will invest $40 billion in Mexico over the next two years.

With reports from The San Diego Union-Tribune and El Financiero 

Quintana Roo becomes tenth state to decriminalize abortion

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Feminist groups celebrate in Cancún, Quintana Roo Foto: Elizabeth Ruiz / Cuartoscuro.com

The Quintana Roo Congress modified several articles of the local penal code to allow the termination of pregnancy within the first 12 weeks without any criminal liability on Wednesday. The amendment, which was promoted by the ruling Morena party, was approved with 19 votes in favor, three against, and four abstentions.

Quintana Roo is the tenth state to enact similar legislation, following the lead of a Supreme Court decision in September 2021 that ruled that criminal prosecution of abortion was unconstitutional.

“Today, the call of Quintana Roo’s citizens has been answered, to guarantee sexual and reproductive rights,” said Morena congressman Humberto Aldana Navarro after the vote.

When the legislation was announced, the Feminist Network of Quintana Roo stated on Twitter: “The struggle is bearing fruit. We will insist on abortion being not only legal, but also safe and free.”

At the same time, pro-life groups held protests outside the local congressional building.

The National Human Rights Commission (CNDH) said that this decision helps “reduce stigmatization experienced by those who request the termination of a pregnancy, thereby recognizing women’s rights to reproductive autonomy.”

Abortion is still regulated at a state level, and the nine other states that have modified their penal codes to comply with the court’s ruling include: Mexico City, Oaxaca, Hidalgo, Veracruz, Coahuila, Colima, Baja California, Sinaloa, Guerrero, and Baja California Sur.

With reports from Milenio, La Jornada Maya and Proceso.

Founder of big cat sanctuary under investigation for money laundering

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These lions were rescued from Black Jaguar White Tiger and moved to the San Juan de Aragón Zoo in Mexico City in early October.
These lions were rescued from Black Jaguar White Tiger and moved to the San Juan de Aragón Zoo in Mexico City in early October. Sedema

The founder of Black Jaguar White Tiger, a big cat sanctuary in the Ajusco area on the outer edge of Mexico City, is under investigation for money laundering after a Mexican citizen filed a complaint before the FGR along with two other government officials from the Federal Attorney for Environmental Protection (Profepa) and the Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources (Semarnat).

“Owing to an anonymous complaint filed before Mexico’s Attorney General’s Office, in which it is mentioned that Eduardo Mauricio Moisés Serio is part of organized crime, an investigation has started its course at the Office of the Special Prosecutor for Organized Crime (FEMDO),” revealed information to which Forbes México had access to.

The complaint accuses the founder of Black Jaguar White Tiger as well as Joel González Moreno, a former Profepa official, and Rafael Pacchiano Alamán, the former Minister of Environment and Natural Resources, of being involved in organized crime activities in the form of money laundering.

This complaint adds to the one filed in June by the Association of Zoos, Breeders and Aquariums of Mexico, the Azcarm, before the FGR, which accused Serio of animal abuse. The claim exposed the animal shelter for the cruel conditions in which it kept the felines: malnutrition, abandonment, then allegedly burying the animals that didn’t survive in clandestine graves.

A Profepa official feeds a monkey at the sanctuary in July.
A Profepa official feeds a monkey at the sanctuary in July. Twitter @PROFEPA_Mx

Serio denied the abuses after authorities seized 200 big cats in July including African lions, white lions, tigers, jaguars, and pumas. Two of his bank accounts were also frozen by the tax authority in Mexico — one in Citibanamex and the other one in Banco Afirme.

On Monday morning, Forbes reported that at the same time that the money laundering claim was being filed by the FGR, the animal shelter was notified that its bank accounts were unfrozen.

A judge in Mexico’s City Court of Justice told the board of Citibanamex to unfreeze bank accounts owned by the non-profit Black Jaguar White Tiger responding to multiple amparos (a Mexican legal mechanism designed to protect human rights) filed by Serio’s attorney, Salvador Padilla, a specialist in money laundering issues.

Many of the felines rescued from the animal shelter have been transferred to other locations within Mexico. To name a few, Zacango Park, located in Calimaya, México state, received five felines by the end of July. Twelve were relocated to Africam Safari, a wildlife conservation park in Puebla a month after, and three chronically ill big cats were taken to Reino Animal, a conservation center located in México state’s Teotihuacán municipality.

As of Aug. 26, Profepa reported having transferred 121 animals to other rescue centers in the country, including pumas, servals, tigers, jaguars, lions, leopards, coyotes, spider monkeys, capuchins and baboons.

Eighteen of Azcarm’s member zoos have assumed the responsibility of properly caring for the majority of the animals seized from the shelter, including the San Juan de Aragón Zoo in Mexico City, which received four male African lions earlier this month.

With reports from Infobae and Forbes México

Prospects are good for the peso in 2023, Barclays reports

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The British bank's forecast was at odds with that of Moody's Analytics.
The British bank's forecast was at odds with that of Moody's Analytics. Depositphotos

The British bank Barclays has offered a rosy forecast for the Mexican peso, presenting an outlook that differs sharply with that put forward by Moody’s Analytics earlier this month.

The peso — one of the world’s best performing currencies in 2022 — could appreciate by over 4% against the U.S. dollar between now and the end of 2023, according to two Barclays analysts.

The analysts told a press conference Friday that the peso could trade at 19 to the U.S. dollar at the end of 2023, an appreciation of about 4.2% compared to its value of approximately 19.83 to the greenback at 11 a.m. Central Standard Time (CST) Monday.

Gabriel Casillas, Barclays’ head of Latin America Economics, and Erick Martínez, a New York-based exchange rates strategist with the bank, predicted that one U.S. dollar will buy 19.75 pesos at the end of this year, a slight appreciation for the latter currency.

The peso could appreciate slightly against the dollar by the end of the year, some analysts say.
The peso could appreciate slightly against the dollar by the end of the year, some analysts say. Depositphotos

Casillas said that “fiscal austerity, Mexico’s attractiveness for nearshoring and a shrinking investment universe” are all positives for the Mexican economy — and the country’s currency. Investors can no longer invest in Russia and they’re pulling money out of China due to political concerns, he said.

Martínez said that the peso has been supported by — and will continue to be supported by — the difference in interest rates between Mexico and the United States. The Bank of México’s benchmark rate is currently 9.25% whereas that of the United States Federal Reserve is 3-3.25%.

Among other advantages for the peso, Martínez said, are political stability in Mexico, the absence of capital flight from the nation’s economy and solid public accounts. The analyst expressed “clear disagreement” with Moody’s Analytics’ recent prediction that the peso could depreciate 20% against the U.S. dollar in coming months due to tightening monetary policy in the United States.

The dollar is “overvalued” now due to the Fed’s sharp interest rate hikes — 0.75% following its three most recent meetings — but will return to its “fair value” as the U.S. central bank relaxes its monetary policy, Martínez said.

He and Casillas predicted that the Fed’s monetary policy will ease as the U.S. economy slows, and the peso will benefit as a result — even though the Bank of México will likely adopt a less aggressive stance itself as inflation regulates here.

Mexico’s central bank has also raised rates by 0.75% following its three most recent monetary policy meetings as the bank seeks to tame high inflation — 8.53% in the first half of October.

Martínez said that the peso could suffer if the global economic situation worsens in early 2023, but predicted that it would regain any lost ground as central banks relax monetary policy once inflation has been brought under control.

The peso has appreciated over 3% against the U.S. dollar since the start of the year even as many other currencies lost ground against the greenback, which is seen as a safe-haven currency in times of economic uncertainty. The strength of the Mexican currency has been lauded by President López Obrador and has led some media outlets, such as Bloomberg, to dub it the “super peso.”

Martínez said that the currency could begin to come under pressure in 2024 due to political uncertainty in the lead-up to the Mexican presidential election, scheduled to take place in July of that year. The peso depreciated slightly against the U.S. dollar in Monday morning trading as the market factors in the likelihood of the Fed announcing another 0.75% interest rate hike this Wednesday.

With reports from El Economista, Reuters and Expansión

Sweet treats you need to try for Day of the Dead

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calaveritas or sugar skulls
Colorful, fun and somewhat creepy, brightly decorated sugar skulls (calaveritas) are an integral part of Day of the Dead celebrations.

Like every holiday, Día de Muertos is celebrated with food.

In this case, though, the foods aren’t necessarily what we want: Day of the Dead tradition calls for honoring those who have passed away by preparing their favorite dishes and drinks, uniting both worlds in a celebration and remembrance of your time with them. Relatives and friends cook for the pleasure of the departed, and offerings are made on home altars or at grave sites. Marigolds (cempasuchitl) are traditionally used for decoration as their strong fragrance is said to attract and guide the spirits back to their final resting place.

Pan de muerto (literally translated as “dead bread”) is perhaps the most well-known food associated with this holiday and heralds the approaching celebration. While it seems to be just a round, Danish-like pastry sprinkled with sugar, everything about it is symbolic.

The circular shape represents the cycle of birth and death; the bumpy knob on top represents the skull, with the four elongated knobby strips symbolizing bones or the tears shed for the deceased.

pan de muerto
Pan de muerto’s shape, flavor and distinctive knobby top are full of Aztec symbolism.

These also signify the four directions of the Aztec calendar. And finally, Pan de Muerto’s gentle orange-blossom flavor is to attract and comfort the deceased. While you’ll find different variations throughout Mexico, the basic shape and meanings remain the same.

Pan de muerto can be made at home — it’s a basic sweet yeast dough — but space restrictions prohibit my including a recipe here. Google around or just go buy some at your favorite bakery or restaurant.

Candy skulls (calaveras or calaveritas) are another sweet traditionally associated with Day of the Dead. Made from just sugar, egg whites and water, they aren’t usually eaten (even though they could be) and are simply for decoration. They’re a fun project if you’re so inclined, although they are easily purchased in grocery stores at this time of year.

Amaranth candies, or alegría — made plain or with nuts and seeds or chocolate — are another sweet often found on Day of the Dead altars. These are easy (and delicious) to make and can be cut into relevant shape. Find recipes for traditional alegría and a chocolate version here.

Pumpkins—or calabaza—come into the picture during this time too, albeit not in the form of pie or lattés. Slow-cooked in a thick sugar syrup, Dulce de Calabaza (recipe below) celebrates the season and is meant to appeal to the sweet tooth of loved ones who have passed away.

Sugar Skulls (Calaveritas)

To make the skulls:

  • 3 cups granulated sugar
  • The white of 1 large egg

In a bowl, combine sugar and egg white with your fingers. Pack mixture firmly into skull molds. Scrape tops level. Bake at 200 F (93 C) for 20–30 minutes until surface feels hard and solid when lightly pressed. Cool on wire rack.

To unmold: place a baking sheet over the mold; holding mold and pan together, turn over. Tap mold gently and then lift carefully off sugar skulls.

If mixture sticks to mold, dump back into bowl and stir in 2–4 tablespoons sugar; if mixture crumbles, return to bowl and mix in more egg white, 1 teaspoon at a time. If any skulls break, wash and dry mold and fill again, reusing sugar mixture.

To make icing:

  • The white of 1 large egg
  • 1/8 tsp. cream of tartar (optional)

Using a mixer on high speed, beat the egg white and cream of tartar (if available) until foamy. Beat in 1½ cups powdered sugar. Add more if needed to make a stiff icing. Blend in food coloring as desired.

Pipe icing onto cooled skulls to decorate, using a pastry bag with plain or decorative tips. Let dry at least 1 hour.

Store in airtight container or wrapped in plastic.

candied calabaza, Mexican sweet treat made with squash
In some parts of Mexico, calabaza (squash) cooked in sugar syrup is another Día de Muertos tradition.

Dulce de Calabaza

You’ll see this in the mercados in a more crystalized form, to eat as candy.

  • About 5 cups peeled,* seeded and cubed calabaza, butternut squash or pumpkin
  • 1 cup piloncillo, grated
  • 1 tsp. cinnamon or 1 (4-inch) cinnamon stick
  • 1 cup water

Heat water, cinnamon and piloncillo in a pot big enough to fit all the squash. Simmer over medium heat until piloncillo dissolves; add squash pieces. Continue simmering, stirring occasionally, until syrup is thick as honey. Serve warm, topped with a scoop of vanilla ice cream or plain yogurt.

* To peel squash or pumpkin: place whole squash/pumpkin on folded dish towel so it doesn’t slip. Carefully cut in half, then quarters (or in smaller slices). Remove seeds. To peel, use a vegetable peeler or a sharp paring knife. Cut into cubes and proceed with recipe.

Oaxacan Fruit Atole

Find more atole recipes here.

  • 5 cups milk
  • ½-¾ cup sugar
  • 1 lb. any kind of fruit (apples, pears, plums or mixed)
  • A 4-inch long cinnamon stick
  • 1/8 tsp. baking soda
  • ½ cup harina de maiz (corn flour)
  • About 1 cup water

Wash, cut and boil fruit in water until soft. Strain out skins, pits and seeds. Purée in blender or food processor.

Combine puréed fruit, milk, sugar and baking soda in a pan. Dissolve corn flour in water; add to pan.

Cook over low heat, stirring constantly, until it thickens. Add sugar to taste before mixture begins to boil.

Remove from heat. Serve warm or chilled.

Alegría de Limón (Lime Amaranth Candy)

  • 5 cups amaranth
  • 1½ cups sugar
  • ¾ cup water
  • 2 Tbsp. grated piloncillo
  • 1¼ Tbsp. lime juice
  • ¼ cup water
  • Vegetable oil spray
  • Optional: pepitas, peanuts, sunflower seeds

Lightly spray cupcake tin, 8×8-inch baking pan, rimmed baking sheet or other molds with vegetable oil. Place amaranth in large bowl.

In a saucepan, heat ¾ cup water, sugar, piloncillo and lime juice over medium-high heat. Boil 10–15 minutes, stirring continuously.

Pour syrup over amaranth; mix well with a spatula or spoon. Scoop mixture into pan or molds; press down firmly to even out surface.

If using the nuts, scatter over the top and press into the amaranth mixture. If using baking sheet or pan instead of molds, cut into any desired shape while warm. Store in sealed container in refrigerator.

Janet Blaser is the author of the best-selling book, Why We Left: An Anthology of American Women Expatsfeatured on CNBC and MarketWatch. She has lived in Mexico since 2006. You can find her on Facebook.

Death on display in Mexico

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Guanajuato Mummy Museum
Close up of mummy’s hand at Guanajuato city's popular Mummy Museum. Tomas Castelazo/Creative Commons

Mexico’s world-famous Day of the Dead spotlights the country’s relationship with the end of life, but that doesn’t mean that death is ignored the rest of the year. Its acceptance as an integral part of life means that there are year-round cultural institutions dedicated to the subject.

Without a doubt the best known “death museum” in Mexico is the Guanajuato Mummy Museum in Guanajuato city, which features about 100 mummies exhumed from the crypts of the Santa Paula Cemetery next door. The mummies’ popularity is due to a 1972 film that pitted the iconic lucha libre wrestling star El Santo against them after they came to life. Today, the museum is the third most visited in all of Mexico, welcoming about 600,000 people a year.

For years, it was thought that there was something special about the soil in the cemetery that created the mummies, but the reality is that all were exhumed from abandoned above-ground crypts, which sometimes allowed the interred to dry out and mummify naturally.

The museum is so popular that there was a proposal in 2017 to construct a new complex. However, by 2022, the National Institute of Anthropology and History nixed the city’s plans — not because there was no need for better preservation of the mummies but because the proposed replacement was a sleek modern building with spaces for 53 businesses, an auditorium, cafeteria and souvenir shop. The UNESCO International Council on Monuments and Sites threatened Guanajuato’s World Heritage Site status if the project went through. There was local opposition as well, calling the structure a “shopping mall.”

“Angel of Silence” at the Benigno Montoya Museum/Durango cemetery.
“Angel of Silence” at the Benigno Montoya Museum/Durango cemetery.

To date, no suitable alternative proposal has been put forward.

In the past, photography of the mummies was not allowed, but since it is pretty much impossible to keep people from taking pictures with their cell phones, the museum has since opted to charge a small fee instead.

As famous as the Guanajuato mummies are, an even better mummy experience can be had in the small town of Encarnación de Díaz in the Los Altos region of Jalisco.

There are only 32 mummies on display, but many more remain hidden because of a lack of permission from families and other legal considerations. Most of these mummies are in the outfit they were buried in, providing historical context.

One mummy is that of a fetus, only 12 cm long, the smallest in the world, according to Guinness. Like their Guanajuato cousins, these mummies were extracted from above-ground crypts at the Señor de la Misericordia Cemetery. 

This museum also has the life stories of many of the mummies, including that of Pedro Ramos, whose uniform is the basis for those worn by museum staff. To provide even more context, there are rooms dedicated to the funerary practices of the region.

The last notable display of mummies is at El Carmen in the south of Mexico City. The entire former monastery is a museum, but the lowest level contains the remains of 12 well-preserved bodies from the 19th century that were discovered during the Mexican Revolution by looting soldiers. The identity of the 12 and how they came to be interred in the monastery is still a mystery.

That they exist at all is unusual as Mexico City has a wetter climate and the crypts are barely above ground. Their preservation is credited to how the monastery was constructed, creating a microclimate. 

mummified body of Macario Delgado at the Mummy Museum in Encarnación de Díaz, Jalisco.
Body of Macario Delgado on display at the Mummy Museum in Encarnación de Díaz, Jalisco. Alejandro Linares Garcia

Then, there are museums dedicated to the concept of death. Mexico has not one but two museums on this topic. 

The National Museum of Death in the city of Aguascalientes and the Museum of Death in San Juan del Río look to educate the public on concepts death and the beyond from the Mesoamerican period to the present with exhibits dedicated to fine and folk art, funerary practices and more. The Aguascalientes museum was founded in 2007 as part of the Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, and the Querétaro museum in the 18th century is at the former Santa Cruz Cemetery. 

One very creative idea to get people to visit a city cemetery year-round is the Benigno Montoya Museum of Funerary Art in the city of Durango. The museum claims to be the first of its kind in the country.

The museum is not a building but rather several themed paths that have been integrated into the municipal cemetery proper, with QR codes in places of particular interest. The main attractions are the magnificent tombs and sculptures created in the 19th and early 20th centuries by Italian artist Benigno Montoya and his students.

Most of the 700 marked sites have one or more of these artworks, but some have local and regionally notable figures. 

Mexico City has its own cemetery/museum integrated into the San Fernando Cemetery. Here the main attraction is history, with visitors coming to see the final resting places of many of Mexico’s famous politicians, soldiers and heroes, such as Vicente Guerrero, Ignacio Comonfort, José Joaquin Herrera, Martíin Carrera, Benito Juárez, Santiago Xicoténcatl, Francisco Zarco, Miguel Miramón and Tomás Mejía.

The cemetery not only offers tours but also temporary exhibitions, conferences, workshops and book presentations.  

A bit more touristy is the Cementerio Mexicano (Mexican Cemetery), an exhibit at the Xcaret resort in Quintana Roo. A thoroughly modern creation, it consists of an artificial hill covered in colorful graves representing Mayan, other Mesoamerican and more recent funerary practices.

The hill actually represents a large snail, which was considered to be a messenger to the gods in the pre-Hispanic period. The snail consists of two spirals, one interior and one exterior, and canals in which water runs. 

With all these options, you can get a taste of what Day of the Dead means in Mexico year round.

Leigh Thelmadatter arrived in Mexico 18 years ago and fell in love with the land and the culture in particular its handcrafts and art. She is the author of Mexican Cartonería: Paper, Paste and Fiesta (Schiffer 2019). Her culture column appears regularly on Mexico News Daily.

Day of the Dead has changed for me since first coming to Mexico

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Day of the Dead traditional foods
Over her 20+ years in Mexico, Day of the Dead has shifted for the writer from an cultural encounter to a more intimate experience filled with meaning. Gerardo Covarrubias/Unsplash

It’s my favorite time of the year!

The weather is crisp but not yet intolerably cold; it’s energizing rather than depressing. Is there anything better than sweater weather paired with a bright sun and a warm drink in your hands?

Here in Mexico, we might not get many golden leaves, but we do get golden flowers: cempasúchil, or the marigold plant, is the official flor de muerto, which I think is a pretty fair exchange.

We also get brightly-colored papel picado (those tissue paper decorations with cut-out patterns that go on and behind Day of the Dead altars). We get candied skulls and special bread called pan de muerto, decorated with sugar crystals sparkling on top made to look like crossed bones.

What’s not to love?

Day of the Dead has been my favorite Mexican holiday since my first experience celebrating it 20 years ago in Naolinco, a small town in the mountains of Veracruz. The town’s official business is all things leather – mostly shoes – but they’re also locally famous for going all-out for this particular holiday.

That first year, my small group of fellow study-abroad students and I wandered around the town, looking at altars, many of which were displayed in the fronts of homes — whose owners beckoned us in to see them.

We’d eaten dinner at a restaurant first, though we needn’t have done so: we were given tamales, bread and homemade wine by all the strangers inviting us into their homes.

Cempasúchil seemed to glow brightly from every corner that night, and music from the carolers in the busy graveyard drifted over the town. What a night! I was hooked.

Last year, I went to Naolinco again and stayed this time with a friend living in the next town over. Despite the pandemic, the streets were filled.

While there were too many crowds for anyone to be inviting throngs of people inside their houses, the town was still brightly decorated, the celebration in full swing. It had officially been “discovered” by us city folk, and while I’m sure it’s a boon for tourism and represents a well-appreciated swell of income for the businesses there, I wonder how many native inhabitants choose to stay inside on those days for a little peace with their dead.

During the 19 years between my first and second Naolinco Día de Muertos trips, how I celebrate the holiday has changed.

I still stop to appreciate the public altars around my city, Xalapa, Veracruz, and I go to the series of Día de Muertos plays (always one funny, one serious, and one so weird and abstract I never understand what it’s about) that are put on at the Bicentennial Park. And hey: I’ll accept tamales, chocolate, and bread from pretty much anyone.

I still love the public aspect of the holiday, but with my own altar becoming more crowded each year, I make a point of spending time with it here at home. Now it’s a time for my dead who need to get the attention they deserve.

This year (so far), I’ve reserved the places of honor for my mother and my grandmother, one on each side. My mother visited me in Mexico several times and loved it. She hadn’t wanted me to come initially, but when she got here for the first time, she told me she understood why I was so happy here.

My paternal grandmother, as far as I know, never did come to Mexico … at least not on any kind of a long trip that I know of. She was also deeply scandalized by certain aspects of the Mexican Catholic Church. “Sarah, they worship the Virgin Mary as if she were a goddess!” she’d say, exasperated — and, hey, she wasn’t wrong.

I wonder what she would say to being on my very non-Presbyterian altar now. Surely, the cosmic version of herself would appreciate the intention.

My own dead grew up in, lived and died in a culture that did not celebrate death; more than anything, we tried to ward it off. The only appropriate emotions in the face of death were sorrow and terror, and we worked hard to avoid talk of it; it was almost unspeakable.

But trying to run away from the reality of death is certainly a loser’s game if there ever was one.

I miss my mom and my grandma. And celebrating them on Day of the Dead doesn’t mean that I get them back, but it does mean that there’s a carved-out block of time for me to sit with them, a tradition that is becoming more important to me as the years go by.

Now, the celebration is bittersweet and more personal, which in my book still beats just plain sorrowful.

So I set things out for my dead: flowers, chocolate, tamales, mandarins. I sprinkle cempasúchil petals around and light some candles. And then I sit for a while and try to conjure them.

I imagine them walking into the room and having a seat next to me. Will I see them again, here or after? Did they go out like candles, or are they out there in some conscious form, knowing things that I don’t? There’s no greater mystery than that of the one experience no one’s come back to tell us about.

Day of the Dead is a time to remember, and it’s also a time of reminders: we’ll all be with them soon enough. So, live it up now: there’s chocolate and bread to be had.

Sarah DeVries is a writer and translator based in Xalapa, Veracruz. She can be reached through her website, sdevrieswritingandtranslating.com

Chamber of Deputies modifies law to ban use of marine mammals for entertainment

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tourists doing dolphin activities in Cancun, Mexico
Tourists in Cancún interacting with dolphins with a trainer, second from left. Such activities will now be banned under the new law. File photo by Elizabeth Ruíz/Cuartoscuro

The Chamber of Deputies modified the General Wildlife Law to prohibit the use of marine mammals – such as dolphins, seals, and otters – as part of entertainment shows or activities not related to scientific research or educational reasons. If the objective is not the reintroduction, repopulation, or translocation of the specimens, intensive breeding is also banned.

The amendment was promoted by deputy Karen Castrejón Trujillo, a member of the Green Party (PVEM), and president of the Environment and Natural Resources Commission. She explained that the modification seeks to terminate the forced reproduction of marine mammals with current authorizations remaining in place until the specimens’ death.

The owners of any marine mammal will have 90 days to present an inventory as well as changes to their management plan necessary for compliance with the new law. These updates must be submitted to the Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources, SEMARNAT and, the Federal Office for Environmental Protection, Profepa. Failure to do so will result in the revocation of the permits to keep the mammals.

In the meantime, the president’s office has a maximum of 365 days after the law’s effective date, to start the process of issuing and updating all administrative regulations necessary for compliance with the wildlife law.

Mexican federal Deputy Karen Castrejon
“It is inhumane to continue subjecting these marine mammals to the stress caused by being part of a show for which they must modify their natural behavior,” said Green Party federal Deputy Karen Castrejón. Moisés Pablo Nava/Cuartoscuro

In its statement of reasons, the reform mentions that while it is focused on marine mammals, the main drive behind it was the dolphins, whose subsistence has been “distorted” to make the public believe that their captivity for recreation is a means of protecting their species.

Even if the law bans the capturing of dolphins, there are enough specimens to be breed in captivity, says the statement, “without any reason that explains the need for those who do it to condition an animal to live in captivity for life.” The new law also recognizes the impossibility of reintroducing some of the mammals back to their natural habitat – particularly those who were born in captivity and who “didn’t even had a chance to experience freedom”.

According to Forbes México, there are about 3,000 captive dolphins in the world, of which 250 are in Mexico. The revenue from captive dolphin shows ranges from US $400,000 to $2.2 million per animal.

Deputy Castrejón Trujillo remarked that “it is inhumane to continue subjecting these marine mammals to the stress caused by being part of a show for which they must modify their natural behavior.” In that sense, she said that the new law reflects the demands of environmental activists who have been fighting for years to end the use of dolphins for profit.

The new law follows the lead of 2015 legislation banning the use of wild animals in circuses. At the time, such a law created a relocation problem for rescued animals, with many ending up in the controversial Black Jaguar/White Tiger big cat sanctuary on the outskirts of Mexico City, run by a charity with offices in California and in Mexico. It was shut down in July by the environmental agency Profepa after the agency learned that the resident animals were suffering from starvation and extreme neglect.

With reports from Forbes México and Infobae

Laser imaging reveals ‘astonishing’ size of ancient Maya capital Calakmul

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The great pyramid of Calakmul.
The great pyramid of Calakmul. Manuel Quesada-Ix / Community Tours Sian Ka'an via UNESCO

A laser imaging survey of the Calakmul Biosphere in Campeche has discovered the immense urban sprawl of the ancient capital of the Kanu’l dynasty, as part of a joint research project by the National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH) and the Bajo Laberinto Archaeological Project.

The findings were shared on the INAH YouTube channel on Tuesday by INAH Director Diego Prieto along with the international team of researchers including Dr. Kathryn Reese-Taylor, a professor at the University of Calgary and director of the Bajo Laberinto Archaeological Project, and Adriana Velazquez Morlet, state director of INAH in Campeche. Both experts received funding from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada to conduct the survey using a 3-D laser scanning technique known as LiDAR.

In the broadcast, Dr. Reese-Taylor and archaeologist Velázquez Morlet, detailed that the team imaged a 95 km area of the ancient Maya city revealing residential apartment buildings — some made up of more than 60 individual structures —  which served as households  for large extended families and affiliated members. The sprawling residential complexes are grouped around numerous temples, sanctuaries, and possible markets.

“The magnitude of landscape modification may have equaled the scale of urban population, as all available land was covered with water channels, terraces, walls, and dams, to provide maximum food security and sufficient water for city dwellers,” they said. The new discoveries confirm that Calakmul was one of the largest cities in America around the year A.D. 700.

A LiDAR image shows a portion of the city of Calakmul.
A LiDAR image shows a portion of the city of Calakmul. INAH

The discoveries confirm and add to the findings of investigations carried out in the 1980s and 1990s, which estimated that the city must have been home to a large population during the heyday of the Kanu’l lineage based on the enormous number of structures that had been discovered thus far.

Calakmul was declared a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2002 based on both its cultural and natural value. It’s well-preserved structures paint a vivid picture of life in an ancient Maya capital.

With reports from INAH and El Economista