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99 facts you need to know about Mexico: 21-40

By
MND Staff
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a girl looks at shelves in a book store
Out of the 2,427 bookstores registered nationwide in 2024, Mexico City had the highest number with 544, while Campeche had the fewest, with just 14. (Mario Jasso/Cuartoscuro)

In honor of World Statistics Day on Oct. 20, Mexico’s national statistics agency INEGI published a small book presenting the 99 facts you need to know about Mexico.

All week, we will be sharing the book’s contents translated into English.

Here is part 2! Read facts 1-20 here.

21) Mexico has a territorial area of 1,960,646.7 square kilometers. The largest state is Chihuahua, covering 247,412.6 km², while the smallest is Mexico City, with 1,494.3 km².

(Source: INEGI, Geo-statistical Framework – MG, 2020)

Mexico is the 14th-largest country in the world and its capital, Mexico City, is similar in surface area to Rome and London.

22) Out of the 2,427 bookstores registered nationwide in 2024, Mexico City had the highest number with 544, while Campeche had the fewest, with just 14.

(Source: National Directory of Economic Units, 2024)

Bookstores remain unevenly distributed in Mexico, mostly concentrated in the capital and larger urban centers. Access to books and reading materials still varies by region, reflecting differences in cultural infrastructure and local economies.

23) In 2024, 43.9% of households in Mexico had a computer. In 2015, this proportion was 44.9%.

(Source: INEGI, National Survey on Availability and Use of Information Technologies in Households – ENDUTIH, 2015 and 2024)

Computer ownership in Mexican homes has remained almost unchanged for decades. Smartphones have become the main device for connectivity, making access to computers a lesser priority in rural areas.

24) In 2024, 7.6 million households with children in Mexico faced difficulties accessing enough food in quantity or quality, mainly due to a lack of money or resources.

(Source: INEGI, National Survey on Household Income and Expenditures – ENIGH, 2024)

Food insecurity especially affects families with children, highlighting the impact of poverty on nutrition and daily life. Access to healthy foods still varies widely depending on income, region and social support.

25) A head of household is considered the person recognized as such by the other members of the home. In 2023, only 3 out of every 10 households nationwide were headed by a woman.

(Source: INEGI, National Survey on Demographic Dynamics, 2023)

The proportion of female-headed households in Mexico has grown, now accounting for about a third of all homes. Many of these women are also the main breadwinners and caregivers, reflecting both evolving family structures and persistent gender gaps in support and income.

Two women look at groceries at a public market
Only 3 out of every 10 households nationwide are headed by a woman. (Mauricio Mascaro/Pexels)

26) In 2024, Mexican households ate corn tortillas and cereals every day of the week.

(Source: INEGI, National Survey on Household Income and Expenditures – ENIGH, 2024)

Tortillas remain a staple food, but their consumption has dropped slightly due to inflation and shifting eating habits. Cereals such as bread and pasta also form an essential part of daily meals throughout the country.

27) Mexico’s highest elevation is Citlaltépetl or Pico de Orizaba, an active volcano that rises 5,636 meters above sea level.

(Source: INEGI, Digital Elevation Models – MDE, 2024)

Located on the border between Veracruz and Puebla, Pico de Orizaba is the highest mountain in Mexico and among the tallest in North America. Its icy summit is a destination for climbers and a symbol of natural diversity in the region.

28) In 2021, 908,000 people in Mexico identified as gender diverse.

(Source: INEGI, National Survey on Sexual and Gender Diversity – ENDISEG, 2021)

This group represents about 0.9% of the population aged 15 and over, including transgender, transsexual, non-binary and other non-normative gender identities. Younger generations are the most likely to openly identify with diverse gender categories, reflecting ongoing changes in social recognition and rights.

29) How long is your commute to work? In 2020, 61.0% of employed people in Mexico took less than 30 minutes to reach their workplace.

(Source: INEGI, Population and Housing Census – CPV, 2020)

Most workers have relatively short commutes, but there are still large regional differences. In Mexico City, travel times can be two hours or more.

Mexico City, Mexico June 17 2025. Traffic on roads in the western part of Mexico City.
The tendency for traffic flow to come to a standstill for uncomfortable periods of time has helped Mexico City “earn” the title of the world’s most congested city. (Shutterstock)

30) Between April and June 2025, of the 59.4 million employed people in Mexico, 1.2 million held positions of management, coordination or leadership — and 40.4% were women.

(Source: INEGI, National Survey on Occupation and Employment – ENOE, second quarter 2025)

More women are taking up leadership roles, but they are still underrepresented in senior positions. Promoting gender equality remains essential to closing gaps in workplace power and advancing opportunities across sectors.

31) In 2023, nearly one million people living in Mexico were born abroad.

(Source: INEGI, National Survey on Demographic Dynamics – ENADID, 2023)

Most foreign-born residents come from the United States, Central and South America, and Europe. Migration patterns are driven by work, family, study, and, in some cases, humanitarian reasons.

32) Between March 2015 and March 2020, 6.9 million people in Mexico moved to a different municipality or state — an amount equal to twice the population of Guerrero.

(Source: INEGI, Population and Housing Census – CPV, 2020)

Internal migration is driven by factors like employment, family needs, education and increasingly, security concerns.

33) In 2024, heart disease was the most common cause of death in Mexico, with 192,563 recorded deaths.

(Source: INEGI, Statistics on Registered Deaths – EDR, 2024)

Other leading causes were diabetes and malignant tumors. The high rate of heart disease is linked to aging, lifestyle and chronic health risks, and highlights the importance of medical care and prevention.

34) In 2022, 8 out of 10 people in Mexico believed that family members are responsible for caring for older adults.

(Source: INEGI, National Survey for the Care System – ENASIC, 2022)

Family caregiving remains the norm in Mexican society, with most care for elderly people provided by relatives — especially women. However, there is growing public debate on the need to expand public support systems as the population ages.

35) Between April and June 2025, 2.3 million people worked in paid domestic roles in Mexico. This includes tasks such as cleaning, cooking and/or caregiving.

(Source: INEGI, National Survey on Occupation and Employment – ENOE, second quarter 2025)

Domestic work is a major source of employment, especially for women and in urban areas. Despite contributing significantly to household well-being, domestic workers often face precarious conditions and limited labor rights.

36) Between 2016 and 2024, Michoacán was the state with the largest increase in average monthly household income, with a rise of 34.4%.

(Source: INEGI, National Survey on Household Income and Expenditures – ENIGH, 2016 and 2024)

Despite the improvement, income levels in Michoacán remain below the national average, underlining continued regional disparities.

37) Between 2001 and 2024, the proportion of Mexican households with internet access increased nearly twelvefold — from 6.2 to 73.6%.

(Sources: INEGI. Availability and Use of Information Technologies in Households Module – MODUTIH, 2001; National Survey on Availability and Use of Information Technologies in Households – ENDUTIH, 2024)

Widespread adoption of internet access reflects rapid technological change across the country. Despite progress, significant gaps remain by region and income, and mobile access now accounts for most connections.

38) A warm, humid climate is characterized by high temperatures and abundant rainfall. Tabasco is the state with the highest proportion of its territory under this climate type, at 95.5%.

(Sources: INEGI. Climate – CLIM, 2020; Geo-statistical Framework – MG, 2024)

This climate favors lush vegetation and extensive wetlands, making Tabasco one of the rainiest states in Mexico. The region’s weather patterns shape its agriculture, biodiversity and traditional ways of life.

What makes this Tabasco city a real estate hotspot?

39) A trámite is any procedure carried out by individuals or organizations with a government institution. In 2023, 81.7% of people in urban areas completed a trámite or requested a public service.

(Source: INEGI, National Survey on Government Quality and Impact – ENCIG, 2023)

Most procedures involve payments, obtaining documents or notary services. While access to digital transactions is growing, many still encounter barriers and prefer in-person visits.

40) Did you know that half of the population (53.7%) who self-identified as LGBTQ+ in Mexico was between 15 and 24 years old in 2021?

(Source: INEGI, National Survey on Sexual and Gender Diversity – ENDISEG, 2021)

Young people are the most likely to openly disclose their LGBTQ+ identity, marking significant generational change in visibility and acceptance.

Mexico News Daily

5 killed in arson attack on Puebla night club

By
MND Staff
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exterior of the bar Lacoss
According to the newspaper El Sol de Puebla, witnesses told police that the alleged culprits were four armed men who arrived at the club on motorbikes and were carrying bottles of gasoline. (Mireya Novo/Cuartoscuro)

Five people were killed in an arson attack on a strip club in Puebla city early Tuesday.

The victims were reportedly two female dancers and three male waiters.

Fire truck outside of Bar La Coss
The Puebla Attorney General’s Office said investigations were ongoing to determine the motive of the events. (Mireya Novo/Cuartoscuro)

According to local media, armed men set the Lacoss Night Club on fire in the early hours of Tuesday morning. They also reportedly set alight a vehicle parked outside the “table dance” venue, located in Popular Coatepec, a neighborhood in the south of Puebla city.

The Puebla state government said in a statement that preliminary reports indicated that the five victims died of carbon monoxide poisoning.

The government said that firefighters “immediately” responded to a report of a fire at an establishment in the Popular Coatepec neighborhood. It said that nine people were rescued and “immediately” assisted by paramedics.

The Puebla government said that firefighters worked to extinguish the blaze in the establishment, and a fire in a white Toyota. It said that the Puebla Attorney General’s Office was conducting investigations at the scene and working to determine the motive “of these events.”

According to El Sol de Puebla, the arson attack occurred at around 3:30 a.m. Tuesday.

The newspaper reported that witnesses told police that the alleged culprits were four armed men who arrived at the club on motorbikes and were carrying bottles of gasoline.

El Sol de Puebla reported that the employees of the club were about to leave when the arson attack occurred. It also reported that the aggressors fired their weapons to intimidate the workers, “who returned to the bar to hide.”

After setting the club and vehicle on fire, the aggressors fled the scene and residents called 911, El Sol de Puebla reported.

Arson attacks on bars in Mexico have occurred previously, including in San Luis Río Colorado, Sonora, in 2023 and in Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz, in 2019. A total of 37 people were killed in those two attacks.

El Heraldo de San Luis Potosí reported that the attack in Puebla city on Tuesday morning may have been related to extortion or a “settling of scores” between criminal groups.

With reports from El Sol de Puebla, López-Dóriga Digital, El Universal and Milenio

Trump reacts to Mexico City protest, says military strikes to stop drugs are ‘OK with me’

By
MND Staff
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Trump
"So let me just put it this way: I am not happy with Mexico," Trump said on Monday. (X)

U.S. President Donald Trump said Monday that he would be willing to launch military strikes against cartel targets in Mexico, just days after Secretary of State Marco Rubio declared that the U.S. wouldn’t be undertaking any unilateral actions in Mexico.

“Would I launch strikes in Mexico to stop drugs? It’s OK with me,” Trump told reporters in the Oval Office.

“Whatever we have to do to stop drugs. … Look, I looked at Mexico City over the weekend; there’s some big problems over there,” the president said.

He was referring to the violence in Mexico City’s central square, the Zócalo, at the conclusion of a large protest march against insecurity on Saturday.

Asked whether he would only launch strikes on targets in Mexico “with Mexico’s permission,” Trump responded:

“I wouldn’t answer that question. I’ve been speaking to Mexico; they know how I stand. We’re losing hundreds of thousands of people to drugs. So now we’ve stopped the waterways, but we know every route, we know the addresses of every drug lord. We know their address, we know their front door, we know everything about every one of them, they’re killing our people. That’s like a war. Would I do it? I’d be proud to. I’d probably go into Congress and say ‘hey,’ and you know what? The Democrats and the Republicans would both agree.”

The president went on to say that “much” of the narcotics that enter the U.S. “come through Mexico.”

“So let me just put it this way: I am not happy with Mexico,” said Trump, whose administration continues to collect fentanyl trafficking-related tariffs it imposed earlier this year on imports from Mexico that don’t comply with the USMCA free trade pact.

The U.S. president’s remarks came four days after Rubio said that the U.S. would not be sending military forces to Mexico or undertaking any unilateral actions in the fight against drug trafficking.

US Secretary of State Rubio rules out unilateral military action in Mexico

“The United States will give support to Mexico against drug cartels only if the Mexican government makes a request,” he said. “We can provide them all the help they want, but obviously if they don’t want us to intervene, we’re not going to take unilateral decisions and … send American forces into Mexico.”

President Claudia Sheinbaum has repeatedly ruled out the possibility of the U.S. military taking action against Mexican cartels on Mexican soil, even though the U.S. government has designated six of them, including the Sinaloa Cartel and the Jalisco New Generation Cartel, as foreign terrorist organizations.

She said in August that a U.S. bomb attack against Mexican cartels “won’t happen,” and reiterated that view on Tuesday.

Earlier this month, NBC News reported that the Trump administration had begun planning a “potential mission” on Mexican soil that would target Mexico’s notorious drug cartels, including with drone strikes.

Asked about that report on Nov. 4, Sheinbaum said that a U.S. operation against cartels inside Mexico “won’t happen.”

She noted that she has rejected offers from Trump to send U.S. troops into Mexico.

“I’ve always said, ‘Thank you, President Trump, but no. Mexico is a free, independent and sovereign country,'” she said.

“… So it’s been made clear that we don’t agree with any process of interference or interventionism. … We collaborate and we coordinate, but we’re a sovereign country,” Sheinbaum said.

‘There’s almost no drugs coming in through our waterways’

During his remarks in the Oval Office on Monday, Trump declared that “there’s almost no drugs” entering the United States via the country’s “waterways.”

The U.S. Department of War, at the direction of President Trump, carried out on Monday three lethal kinetic strikes on four vessels in the eastern Pacific Ocean.
The U.S. Department of War, at the direction of President Trump, has carried out at least 21 strikes on boats that have killed 83 people. (Pete Hegseth/X)

“Isn’t it down like 85%?” he asked, to which Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem responded, “It is, sir.”

“… We have almost no drugs coming into our country by the sea, … and you know why, I mean it’s pretty obvious,” Trump said, referring to the lethal strikes the U.S. military has recently carried out against alleged drug boats in international waters, including off Mexico’s southern Pacific coast.

“Would I do that on the land? … I would absolutely. Look, every boat we knock out we save 25,000 American lives,” he said, without providing any evidence for his claim.

“Not to mention the destruction of families. … So when we knock out a boat and save 25,000 lives, that’s great. Now, do I feel the same way about the [land] corridors that they use? We know every one of them. We have every one of those corridors under major surveillance,” said Trump, whose administration has flown drones over Mexico to spy on cartels.

“We have nobody coming in through our southern border, but we know exactly how they get there, how they get the drugs here — fentanyl, cocaine. Colombia has cocaine factories where they make cocaine. Would I knock out those factories? I would be proud to do it personally. I didn’t say I’m doing it, but I would be proud to do it because we’re going to save millions of lives by doing it,” he said.

By Mexico News Daily chief staff writer Peter Davies (peter.davies@mexiconewsdaily.com)

6 Mexican cheeses recognized at the 2025 World Cheese Awards

By
MND Staff
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Finca Las Luciérnagas's Andante cheese is made using sheep’s milk from a producer with certified animal welfare practices.
Finca Las Luciérnagas's Andante cheese is made using sheep’s milk from a producer with certified animal welfare practices. (Finca Las Luciérnagas)

Mexico won six medals at the 2025 World Cheese Awards, held in Bern, Switzerland, from Nov. 13 to 15, with its quesos ranking among the top out of over 5,244 cheeses from 46 countries. 

Producers brought cheeses from all over the world, navigating long plane rides and complex import legislation processes to participate in the awards. 

Despite competing against countries with a longstanding tradition in cheesemaking and well-established production structures, Mexico won six awards, five of them for cheese dairies in Jalisco and one for Querétaro.  

Mexico was not the only up-and-coming cheesemaker to win awards, with cheeses from Japan, Slovakia and the United States among the finalists. 

However, a Swiss 18-month-aged Gruyère AOP from the Vorderfultigen mountain cheese dairy was hailed as the best cheese in the world this year, thanks to its crystalline texture and “brothy, umami” flavor. 

The assessment of the cheeses was conducted by 265 judges in 110 teams, with a final round judged by a Super Jury composed of specialists from 14 countries. Just 14 cheeses advanced to the final stage. 

During the event, cheeses were stripped of any identifying features and divided across 110 rows of tables to be blind tasted by two- or three-person judging teams. Judges were asked to assess the cheese based on appearance, smell, taste, texture and the feeling it gives in the mouth. 

The Mexican cheeses that placed among the top were: 

Gold Medal – Best Latin American Cheese: Finca Las Luciérnagas Andante from Huimilpan, Querétaro. Made using sheep’s milk from a producer with certified animal welfare practices. 

Silver Medal – La Providencia Mozzarella from San Miguel El Alto, Jalisco. A take on the Italian classic, made with pasteurized whole milk. 

Silver Medal – Quesos Navarro Cheddar from Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco. A cheddar made from fresh, pasteurized cow’s milk that the judges said could compete in any international market.  

Silver Medal – Quesos Navarro Panela. A traditional Mexican fresh cheese, traditionally cured in whey. 

Bronze Medal – Quesos Navarro Queso Fresco. Another traditional Mexican cheese, with Spanish roots.  

Bronze Medal – Quesos Navarro Queso Menonita. A creamy cheese originating from Mennonite communities in the north of Mexico.   

The 2026 cheese awards will take place in Córdoba, in Spain’s Andalusia region, where Mexico will have the chance to come back even stronger.

With reports from El Economista and CNN

I scored a free tour of Chapultepec Castle, and you can too!

By
Bel Woodhouse
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Chapultepec Castle
Chapultepec Castle is a must-visit attraction in Mexico City. (Wikimedia Commons/Sisgeo)

I took a Sunday stroll. To a castle on a hill, inside a forest, in the heart of Mexico City. Chapultepec Castle was the first thing friends said I should visit while in CDMX. Boy, was I glad I did. 

Because, since I am a permanent resident of Mexico, I got in for free! On Sundays, it’s free for Mexicans and legal residents, so that was a delightful surprise. Another great perk of living here — and, I must say, weirdly validating. Like a giant hug of acceptance, it was a nice feeling to skip the line, just walk on through and start the climb.

Chapultepec national history museum, mexico city
The National History Museum, housed inside Chapultepec Castle, is also well worth a visit. (INAH)

Don’t worry. The walk isn’t that bad. Lovely scenery, a few little animal friends and a nice 20-minute stroll along a flat, then elevated paved carriageway.

Chapultepec Castle has a long, varied history dating back to the Mexica (Aztecs), whose structure there was destroyed by the Spanish. They later built the present palace as a home for the colonial viceroy. Later still, it became home to Mexico’s short-lived Emperor Maximilian I and his wife, Carlota, and then for presidents, including Porfirio Díaz.

It also housed a military academy. Mexico’s famed boy soliders, the Niños Heroes, died defending the castle. Today, the National History Museum is located there, and it features murals by some of Mexico’s artistic giants, including José Clemente Orozco and David Alfaro Siqueiros.

The walk up to the castle

Overhanging trees provide shade while red-bellied gray squirrels scurry about, their fluffy tails and cheerful chirps delighting me as much as the children rushing over to see them. 

Abundant ferns and moss covered the rock wall on one side while treetops filled the other, dropping away to reveal a great view of the city the higher you climb. Every fitness level can walk up, but there are benches on which you can sit and rest, if need be — or just enjoy the incredible view! 

A wide, ornate stone staircase inside Chapultepec Castle shows visitors climbing the stairs, surrounded by a dramatic ceiling fresco depicting the conquest of Mexico by the Spanish, as well as mural on the wall beside the stairs.
Chapultepec Castle is a feast for the eyes. (Bel Woodhouse)

If you get thirsty, a water fountain sits about halfway up the climb.

Touring the castle

It was nice to wander around inside the castle, appreciating Chapultepec’s stunning old coaches, exquisite chandeliers in each room, unique branching staircases and frescoed ceilings.

It was a surprisingly peaceful experience, despite the hundreds of tourists. Most people seemed to take it slow, appreciating Chapultepec’s stunning old coaches, exquisite chandeliers in each room, unique branching staircases and frescoed ceilings. In the upper level, I must have spent a good 10 minutes admiring the stained-glass wall that ran outside the bedrooms. What a breathtaking piece of architecture and intricate craftsmanship! 

The castle holds many beautiful rooms full of beautiful things. But my favorite was the rooftop maze garden. The immaculately manicured hedges full of azaleas in bloom were gorgeous, and there I made a friend: a little figeater beetle that buzzed down to land and rest on my chest for a while.

The ladies around me stepped away, sharing uneasy smiles or grimacing. But I liked my little beetle friend. A lovely shade of deep jade green, she flew off again once she rested to roll around in the azalea blossoms once more. Well, I assume she did because her face was covered in pollen and they were the largest flowers around. But there were lots of other fabulous flowers all around the castle.

The beautifully manicured gardens on the rooftop maze of Chapultepec Castle, featuring symmetrical boxwood hedges, flower beds and a small cantera-brick building in the baroque style in the photo's center. The building is decorated with statues.
Chapultepec Castle’s rooftop maze garden, where you can wander the decorative gardens, take in the city skyline and make friends with stunning pollinators. (Bel Woodhouse)

My next adventure in the maze garden was chasing the most exquisite butterfly I’ve ever seen in the wild, a two-tailed swallowtail. She was stunning and, honestly, the highlight of my day. And surrounding a water feature in the gardens was a stunning array of gazanias. I’ve never seen its flowers in such vibrant colors. Walking back down, I discovered an edible nightshade — creeping false holly — which I found fascinating.

So be sure to take your time when walking up and back down from the castle. Although the castle is lovely — and is the main attraction — there is a whole world of beautiful flora and fauna surrounding it. 

Best of all, this castle inside a forest, inside a huge city, was free! What a lovely way to spend my Sunday exploring Mexico City.  

Mexico Correspondent for International Living, Bel is an experienced writer, author, photographer and videographer with 500+ articles published both in print and across digital platforms. Living in the Mexican Caribbean for over 7 years now, she’s in love with Mexico and has no plans to go anywhere anytime soon.

Mexican directors are making waves at 2025’s film festivals

By
Millie Deere
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1
Movie showing on screen
Mexican filmmakers have found a showcase for their work this year courtesy of international film festivals. (Pexels/Tima Miroshnichenko)

As 2025 comes to a close, so does the year’s series of international film festivals, showcasing some of the most insightful and vibrant films from around the world. An impressive number of Mexican films can be counted among that acclaimed group.  

The collaboration between Cinépolis and the Sundance Institute that brought the Sundance Film Festival: CDMX to Mexico City for a second year has further bolstered Mexico’s cinematic reputation, while Mexican filmmaker Carlos Reygadas was on the main competition jury at Cannes. Meanwhile, Mexican directors maintained a strong international presence across festivals, including at the British Film Institute’s London Film Festival (BFI), the Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) and the Berlin International Film Festival.

Sundance Film Festival
Sundance Film Festival was one of many to showcase the work of creative Mexican filmmakers this year. (Wikimedia Commons/Joseph Wise)

A recurring theme of using nostalgia and childhood memory as lenses to explore Mexico’s history and sociopolitical memory and identity is evident in many of Mexico’s standout works this year, with  notable mentions including Michel Franco’s erotic yet unnerving drama ”Dreams” and Urzula Barba Hopfner’s ”Corina.” But many more of the films recognized internationally this year also explore Mexico’s complex cultural history through drama, experimental filmmaking, animation and even mockumentary.  

Here’s a look at some of the standouts: 

El diablo fuma (y guarda las cabezas de los cerillos quemados en la misma caja)

Trailer de El diablo fuma (y guarda las cabezas de los cerillos quemados en la misma caja) (HD)

 

 

Director: Ernesto Martínez Bucio
Genre: Drama

Set in 1990s Mexico City, ”El diablo fuma” follows five young siblings who move in with their schizophrenic grandmother after their parents disappear. Forbidden from leaving the property and increasingly isolated, the children inherit their grandmother’s religious fears and delusions, which begin to distort their fragile sense of reality. The house becomes a psychological playground where innocence is warped and memory becomes contaminated.

Visually emphasized by a shaky handheld camera, the film works to subvert the joys of childhood imagination, portraying it as vulnerable and haunted. Set during Pope John Paul II’s visit to Mexico City, Martínez Bucio critiques the generational weight of religious trauma.

The film was screened at the BFI and Barcelona’s D’A Film Festival and won Best Feature at the Berlin International Film Festival.

Olmo

Director: Fernando Eimbcke
Genre: Drama, Comedy

The Mexican-U.S. coproduction directed by Fernando Eimbcke is a coming-of-age story set in New Mexico in 1979. ”Olmo” follows a Mexican-American teenager desperate to attend a party hosted by his neighbor and crush, Nina. Left to care for his father, who has multiple sclerosis, while his mother works extra shifts to pay the overdue rent, Olmo and his best friend Miguel try to impress Nina with a stereo as their ticket in.

Shot in just 25 days, the film explores the miscommunications and suffocations of adolescence within a family facing real hardship. Eimbcke reconnects with the decade that shaped his own childhood, using warm, soft lighting to evoke a simpler time. Yet, the film goes beyond sentimentality, highlighting the linguistic and financial challenges of Mexican-American families in the 1970s.

“Olmo” was a hit at the Sydney Film Festival, at the Toronto International Film Festival and at BFI London, and was nominated for the Panorama Audience Award at the Berlin International Film Festival.

Yo Soy Frankelda 

Soy Frankelda | Tráiler Oficial | Cinemex

Directors: Arturo Ambriz, Roy Ambriz, Mireya Mendoza
Genre: Animation, Horror

Mexico’s first full-length stop-motion animation, ”Yo Soy Frankelda” is the creation of Roy and Arturo Ambriz’s Cinema Fantasma, with support from internationally acclaimed Mexican director Guillermo del Toro. 

Featuring gothic puppets and a haunting score, the film delves into the subconscious of a ghostly 1870s female horror writer who conjures monsters from her imagination while plotting her escape from a haunted house.

Frankelda’s backstory as a rejected writer in a sexist publishing industry fuels her escapist nostalgia and fantastical storytelling, serving as resistance to her marginalization.

The film opened the Guadalajara Film Festival and was featured at the Morelia and Tokyo International Film Festivals, as well as France’s Annecy International Animation Film Festival. It won the Satoshi Kon Award for Excellence in Animation and received a Special Jury Mention at the Fantasia Film Festival in Montreal.

Tutti Frutti: El Templo del Underground 

Tutti Frutti. El templo del underground | Doctubre Mx

Director: Laura Ponte
Genre: Documentary

Although it debuted three years ago, Ponte’s vibrant documentary returned for a special screening and director Q&A at the Hollywood Theatre during PDXLAFF this October. It revisits Tutti Frutti, a clandestine 1980s Mexico City dive bar that became a haven for the country’s countercultural movement.

A nondiscriminatory refuge for youth seeking alternative music, Tutti Frutti thrived on community and care, symbolizing artistic defiance before hypercommunication and globalization reshaped the music scene. Not unlike “Yo Soy Frankelda,” the documentary explores artistic resistance, but instead through a nostalgic lens that highlights Mexico’s youth counterculture and how Tutti Frutti shaped contemporary Mexican identity.

Autos, Mota y Rocanrol

AUTOS, MOTA Y ROCANROL 🔥 | TRÁILER

Director: José Manuel Cravioto Aguillón
Genre: Comedy, Mockumentary, Music History

This sharp-witted mockumentary follows two friends as they plan a rock concert and car race that unexpectedly evolves into the infamous Avándaro Festival of 1971 in Valle de Bravo, dubbed Mexico’s Woodstock. Originally called the Avándaro Rock and Wheels Festival, this historic event — with an estimated attendance between 100,000 and 500,000, sparked a government crackdown on rock music due to its alignment with La Onda, a countercultural movement rooted in psychedelics, multidisciplinary artistic expression and anti-establishment sentiment.

“Autos, Mota y Rocanrol” blends Super 8 film and archival footage to create a vivid, nostalgic journey through the 1970s. The mockumentary format satirizes the fruitful chaos of the event in a way that underlines the spirit of youth counterculture and a restless liberal identity.

The film was an official selection at the Guadalajara International Film Festival and earned 13 nominations at Mexico’s 67th Ariel Awards. Internationally, it screened at multiple festivals, including the Portland Latin American Film Festival and the Newport Beach Film Festival.

No Nos Movarán

No Nos Moverán | Official Trailer | It’s Never Too Late for Justice | Hola Mexico Film Festival

Director: Pierre Saint-Martin Castellanos
Genre: Drama, Political Satire

Written and directed by Iker Compeán Leroux and Pierre Saint-Martin Castellanos, and supported by FOCINE (a Mexican government fund), “No Nos Movarán” tells the story of Socorro, a defiant sexagenarian lawyer determined to find the soldier who killed her brother during the 1968 Tlatelolco massacre.

Merging documentary materials with fiction, the film uses political satire to confront trauma and loss. Inspired by Saint-Martin’s own mother’s memories, it offers a visceral tool for reckoning with the grief of Mexico’s political past and the challenge of finding peace without remaining trapped in it. Shot in black-and-white, the film combines drama, biting satire and dark comedy to explore the weight of memory and the risk of grief unraveling familial bonds.

The film won four of Mexico’s Ariel Awards in 2025, as well as top honors at several international film festivals, including the Guadalajara International Film Festival, Toulouse’s Cinelatino film festival and the Huelva Ibero-American Film Festival in Spain. It was also selected to represent Mexico at the 2026 Oscars and at Spain’s Goya Awards.

09/05/1982

09/05/1982 Trailer | TIFF 2025

Directors: Jorge Caballero and Camila Restrepo
Genre: Short film 

This 11-minute short delivers a critical warning about the power of artificial intelligence to manipulate truth.

Its unique format challenges viewers to consider the ethical implications of technology’s ability to rewrite history — as what appears to be recovered footage of violence documented in an unspecified Latin American country during the 1980s is actually a digital fabrication, overlaid with an “official” radio broadcast to add a feel of authenticity.

By “reconstructing” this fictional event, “09/05/1982” critiques the instability of memory and the ease with which media can distort our historical narratives. 

The short premiered at the Marseille International Film Festival and received acclaim at South Korea’s DMZ International Documentary Film Festival. It also was shown at the New York Film Festival and at the Toronto International Film Festival.

More than anything, Mexican filmmakers’ cinematic focus on the period between the 1970s and the 1990s reflects a 30-year nostalgia loop: a phenomenon where filmmakers revisit their formative years. This trend has also been observed in U.S. cinema, notably in the Reagan-era aesthetics and predigital childhoods of shows like “Stranger Things.”

An overview

Beyond escapism, these seven films offer a kaleidoscopic lens into the last 50 years of Mexico’s cultural memory, where everything from drama to mockumentary is being used to reckon with identity, trauma and resistance. Many of these films serve as illuminating, thought-provoking and sometimes downright fun primers on Mexican social history, making them worth your while to track down and put on your watchlist.

Millie Deere is a freelance journalist

Mexico launches ‘Tulum Reborn’ strategy to tackle slump in tourism

By
MND Staff
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3
two people walking towards a beach in Tulum
In September, hotel occupancy in Tulum fell 17.5 percentage points compared to the same month last year, from 66.7% to 49.2%. (Cuartoscuro)

The Mexican government launched a 128-action strategy named Tulum Reborn: Fairer, Safer and More Sustainable on Friday, in response to the recent decline in tourism to the Caribbean coast destination. 

Tulum in Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula welcomed just over 1.3 million tourists between January and October. Meanwhile, Tulum International Airport, which commenced operations in December 2023, experienced a 9.4% increase in passenger traffic, according to Mexico’s Tourism Minister Josefina Rodríguez.  

The town’s average hotel occupancy stands at 75.8%. However, in September, occupancy fell 17.5 percentage points compared to the same month last year, from 66.7% to 49.2%, according to the state Tourism Ministry (Sedetur).

Videos have also circulated on social media in recent months showing empty streets, restaurants and beaches, giving cause for concern across Tulum’s tourism industry.

While Tulum’s Mayor Diego Castañón said the situation has been made worse by a smear campaign orchestrated by the private sector and social media influencers, several factors have, in fact, contributed to the fall in tourism.

Elevated prices, controversial rules regarding public access to beaches and greater quantities of seaweed during the summer months have been blamed for driving tourists away. 

A sharp drop in hotel occupancy has the Tulum tourism sector worried

To tackle the decline, the government announced there will be free access to public beaches — without food or beverage restrictions — in Jaguar National Park and the hotel zones as part of its Tulum Reborn strategy.

The strategy was developed with consultation across various institutions at different levels of government, according to Rodríguez.  

“The design and creation of the campaign… is underway; this includes the promotion of tourist routes and products in the region, and the integration of a calendar of high-impact cultural and tourist events,” Rodríguez stated.

Tulum Reborn is centered around four pillars: the orderly regulation of tourist attractions, responsible urban and environmental management, tourism development and promotion and the comprehensive improvement of infrastructure and facilities. 

Two entrances are now open to Jaguar Park, providing access to the four beaches within the protected area. In addition, two new public access points have been established in the hotel zone, to Conchitas Beach and Playa del Pueblo.  

The park will be open 365 days a year with access to visitors and residents alike. Quintana Roo’s Governor, Mara Lezama, stressed that access to public beaches is a fundamental right. 

“We invite everyone – locals, nationals, and foreigners – to come in… walking, running or cycling and enjoy [the beaches] to the fullest,” said Lezama.

Lezama also announced that the region will soon host “Tulum, the Show,” as part of the Mexico Aerospace Fair, which is expected to attract 20,000 visitors, as well as the PGA Tour Professional Golf Tournament and several other high-impact events. 

With reports from El Universal and Quadratín Quintana Roo

Sheinbaum blames opposition for funding violent protest: Monday’s mañanera recapped

By
MND Staff
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9
Sheinbaum mañanera Nov. 17, 2025
On Monday, the president scrutinized images of the protest in Mexico City on Saturday, saying that there were not that many young people. (Andrea Murcia/Cuartoscuro)

The main focus of President Claudia Sheinbaum’s Monday morning press conference was the protest against insecurity and corruption that took place in Mexico City on Saturday.

While the march from the Angel of Independence monument to the Zócalo, Mexico City’s main square, was largely peaceful, the protest turned violent in the Zócalo when a so-called “black bloc” of protesters tore down part of a barrier protecting the National Palace and attacked police officers, 100 of whom were injured, according to authorities.

Mass protest against insecurity and the Morena party turns violent in Mexico City

Anti-government and anti-Morena sentiment was on prominent display during the march, with some protesters even calling for Sheinbaum to resign.

A major catalyst for the protest was the Nov. 1 assassination of Uruapan mayor Carlos Manzo, an outspoken anti-crime crusader who had urged the federal government to take a more active and aggressive approach to combating Mexico’s notorious criminal organizations, among which are six drug cartels that were designated as foreign terrorist organizations by the Trump administration earlier this year.

Sheinbaum: Opposition promoted ‘Gen Z’ protest with 90 million pesos 

Sheinbaum noted that last Thursday, the government’s fake news debunker-in-chief, Miguel Ángel Elorza Vásquez, gave a detailed overview of how last Saturday’s protests were promoted on social media.

“They promoted this idea that they were young people organically calling for this march called the ‘Generation Z’ march. But here it was shown how, in reality, there was a push of about 90 million pesos [US $4.9 million] promoting this protest from the opposition, on one hand, and also with the support of a businessman,” she said, referring to Ricardo Salinas.

According to the information presented by Elorza, the promotion of the protests was paid for by foreign right-wing organizations and individuals in collaboration with Mexican people, such as Salinas and others affiliated with Mexican opposition parties.

“A lot of [social media] accounts, even from abroad, promoted this protest,” said Sheinbaum.

The ‘vast majority’ of protesters weren’t young people, says Sheinbaum 

Sheinbaum said that “the vast majority of those who marched on Saturday weren’t young people from Generation Z.”

“Yes, there were some young people, but the majority weren’t young,” she said.

Indeed, most of the participants were older adults, according to various media reports.

“We saw the very familiar faces of those who marched with the Marea Rosa [Pink Tide],” Sheinbaum said, referring to large anti-government rallies that took place last year when former president Andrés Manuel López Obrador was still in office.

Sheinbaum: The objective of violent protesters was to ‘go against the police’

Sheinbaum displayed images of acts of violence committed during Saturday’s protest in Mexico City as well as photos of injured police officers. She also presented confronting video footage of a group of protesters attacking a police officer.

Sheinbaum said that the goal of tearing down barriers that protected the National Palace wasn’t to get to the building in order to vandalize it or to attempt to gain entry, but rather to “go against the police” who were situated behind it.

“This very violent group that arrived with material to break the fence … doesn’t even arrive at the Palace, but rather launch themselves at police in a very violent way,” she said.

“… They removed the barriers in the Zócalo, broke them and threw rocks at the police officers’ shields,” Sheinbaum said, adding that the police resisted for “hours” before they were pushed and “this violence” ensued.

The government said that "violent groups" made "direct attacks" on police, hitting officers, stealing their shields and launching explosive devices at them.
The protest turned violent when a so-called “black bloc” of protesters tore down part of a barrier protecting the National Palace and attacked police officers, 100 of whom were injured. (Rogelio Morales/Cuartoscuro)

The president said she had asked the Mexico City attorney general to investigate “who these groups are,” what motivated their acts of violence and whether they were paid.

“This idea they wanted to create, … that young people are against the [fourth] transformation [political project] is false,” she added.

Sheinbaum said that an investigation into a person who was filmed shouting “you’re going to die” to police must be carried out. A reporter noted that the person also said, “we have weapons.”

Sheinbaum said that Mexico City authorities also need to investigate whether any police officers broke with “police discipline” during the protest in the capital.

There were reports of a range of abuses allegedly committed by police against protesters.

On Monday, Mexico City Security Minister Pablo Vázquez said that 18 incidents in which police officers may have violated acceptable police conduct were under investigation.

Sheinbaum: ‘We want there to be responsible opposition’

Sheinbaum said that if Mexico’s opposition wants to attract more people to their cause, “violence won’t help them.”

“In Mexico, violence is rejected. People don’t want violent actions,” she said.

“And there can be opposition, it’s good that there is opposition in Mexico,” Sheinbaum added.

She asserted that claims that “we want ‘a single way of thinking’ are false.

“We want there to be opposition, responsible opposition, with high-level debate, with proposals, but violence leads nowhere,” Sheinbaum said.

“… No to violence. … Those who promote violence don’t help the country. Those who promote violence don’t help themselves. Those who promote violence don’t create a high-level debate in our country,” she said.

Sheinbaum: Salinas’ television stations sought to create impression that ‘the government is repressive’ 

Sheinbaum said that “in effect,” billionaire businessman Ricardo Salinas — an outspoken government critic — promoted the protests that took place in Mexico City and dozens of other Mexican cities on Saturday.

“He was writing against us [on social media] and promoting the protest, egging it on,” she said.

Sheinbaum also said that Salinas’ television channels, which include Azteca Uno and ADN40, “followed the entire protest” in Mexico City, and asserted that their presenters sought to create the idea that “the government is repressive and young people don’t agree with the government.”

However, “the majority of the people in Mexico” and “the majority of young people” support “the transformation,” she said, referring to the fourth transformation (4T) political project initiated by López Obrador and continued by the current government.

Sheinbaum also said that “young people aren’t repressed [by the government] in Mexico.”

“On the contrary, we give them scholarships, we give them schools, we give them jobs, we embrace young people, and we listen to them. If there is a legitimate, justified demand, we must listen to young people,” she said.

‘In Mexico there is peace’

Sheinbaum noted that a danzón (a dance genre) festival was held in the Zócalo on Sunday, a day after violent scenes played out in the large square in the historic center of Mexico’s capital.

She also said that when she returned to Mexico City from a weekend trip to the state of Tabasco, the historic center was packed with Buen Fin shoppers and people were “happy.”

Despite the violence in the Zócalo on Saturday — and major insecurity problems in various parts of the country — “in Mexico there is peace,” declared Sheinbaum, whose government has reduced homicides but by no means has pacified the country.

Sheinbaum said on Monday that when she returned to Mexico City from a weekend trip to the state of Tabasco, the historic center was packed with Buen Fin shoppers and people were “happy.” (Victoria Valtierra/Cuartoscuro)

“And we’re attending to everything that has to do with insecurity and violence,” she added.

“That has to be attended to, as we are doing. And if we have to dedicate more [to the fight against crime] we will,” said Sheinbaum, whose government last week presented “Plan Michoacán for Peace and Justice” in response to the assassination of Carlos Manzo and general insecurity in the state.

‘The electoral period is approaching, and let the people say what they want’

Sheinbaum noted that her presidency will be subject to a “revocation of mandate” recall vote in 2027.

“The revocation of mandate is a slogan of ours. Who proposed it was President López Obrador, who put it in the constitution was President López Obrador. And of course I’m going to subject myself to the revocation of mandate [vote], because that’s what the constitution says,” she said.

Sheinbaum — a highly popular president — noted that AMLO attracted 90% support when his presidency was the subject of a recall election in 2022, at which turnout was below 20%.

She also noted that Mexicans will have the opportunity to elect governors in many states in 2027 as well as federal deputies and mayors.

“The electoral period is approaching, and let the people say what they want,” Sheinbaum said.

A revocation of mandate vote was one of the demands of the Generation Z organizers of Saturday’s protests, even though a recall election is already provided for in the Mexican Constitution.

By Mexico News Daily chief staff writer Peter Davies (peter.davies@mexiconewsdaily.com)

Google chooses Puebla state as the site of its first AI lab in Mexico

By
MND Staff
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0
Google building and logo
Google's first such lab in Mexico is scheduled to begin operations in January in the municipality of San José Chiapa. (Unsplash)

Google will launch its first artificial intelligence (AI) lab in Mexico, in Puebla state, in January 2026, the state Science and Technology Minister Celina Peña Guzmán announced last week. 

The commercial manager of Google Cloud, Manuel Tierno, confirmed the project during a Tech Capital Summit in Puebla in October, although he did not specify the project’s location or cost at that time.  

The project will focus on applied tools developed through Google Labs. Google AI Labs is an innovation and research center dedicated to the development, testing and public demonstration of cutting-edge artificial intelligence projects and technologies.

Peña Guzmán said she expected the lab to be constructed in the federal government’s 400-hectare Development Hub for Wellbeing, formally known as Ciudad Modelo, in the municipality of San José Chiapa.

Google sees the project as an opportunity to reduce bureaucracy and build technological security that benefits citizens. “These strategic alliances support young people and transform government processes,” Peña Guzmán said in a July press statement. 

A 600-million-peso (US $32.8 million) electricity substation is being developed in the area, around 65 km from Puebla city, according to the state government’s cabinet coordinator, José Luis García Parra. 

The substation is expected to be completed by February 2026 and will provide 60 megawatt-hours of power to support the operations of both domestic and international companies launching projects in the region. 

Earlier this year, the city of Puebla was dubbed the Capital of Technology and Sustainability, which has attracted more interest from technology companies. 

Tech firms such as Amazon, Oracle and Huawei will help the state’s Education Ministry improve its internal processes and develop applied tools for students, according to Peña Guzmán. 

With reports from Proceso and Telediario

99 facts you need to know about Mexico: 1-20

By
MND Staff
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14
Cyclists enjoy a car-free Paseo Dominical along Reforma Avenue in Mexico City.
Cyclists enjoy a car-free Paseo Dominical along Reforma Avenue in Mexico City. (Andrea Murcia/Cuartoscuro)

In honor of World Statistics Day on Oct. 20, Mexico’s national statistics agency INEGI published a small book presenting the 99 facts you need to know about Mexico.

All week, we will be sharing the book’s contents translated into English.

Here is part 1!

1) In 2023, Mexico’s population reached 129,477,554 people, with women making up 51.7% of the total.

(Source: INEGI, National Survey on Demographic Dynamics – ENADID, 2023)

Mexico is the largest Spanish-speaking country and one of the ten most populous in the
world. These figures from INEGI reflect steady population growth and a slight
predominance of women, a global trend.

2) In 2020, 2.6 million people in Mexico identified as Afro-Mexican or of African descent, representing 2.0% of the national population.

(Source: INEGI, Population and Housing Census – CPV, 2020)

Mexico’s population of African descent is mainly concentrated in states like Guerrero,
Oaxaca and Veracruz, and continues to gain visibility socially and culturally.

3) What is the most common household appliance in Mexico? The blender. In 2024, 91.8% of households owned one.

(Source: INEGI, National Survey on Household Income and Expenditures – ENIGH, 2024)

The blender is an essential tool in Mexican kitchens, used for making salsas, drinks and
sauces. Its versatility and practicality have made it a staple in daily home cooking
throughout the country.

4) In 2020, there were one million people in Mexico aged 85 and older, and 18,295 of them were over 100 years old.

(Source: INEGI, Population and Housing Census – CPV, 2020)

Longer life expectancy and falling birth rates are resulting in a rapidly aging population in
Mexico. This shift brings new challenges for families, healthcare and social policies as
more people live to advanced ages.

5) By the end of 2023, women made up 51.4% of the workforce in Mexico’s federal public administration and 56.3% in state governments.

(Source: INEGI, National Census of Federal and State Governments – CNGF and CNGE, 2024)

Gender representation has become a central focus across Mexican government
institutions. Public policies and electoral reforms have opened opportunities for women to access leadership roles nationwide. These efforts are the result of long-standing
demands for equality and are shaping a more inclusive environment within the country’s
political and administrative spheres.

three women in front of gasworks
President Sheinbaum, seen here with Energy Minister Luz Elena González Escobar and Federal Electricity Commission (CFE) Director Emilia Calleja.  (@EmiliaCalleja/on X)

6) A household is defined as a group of people, related or not, who share the same dwelling and cover their living expenses together. In 2023, there were 38.9 million households in Mexico.

(Source: INEGI, National Survey on Demographic Dynamics – ENADID, 2023)

Households in Mexico include a variety of arrangements, from large multigenerational families to single-person homes.

7) Income can come in the form of money or goods and is derived from various sources such as work, government programs, and others. In 2024, the average combined monthly household income in Mexico was 25,955 pesos (US $1,400).

(Source: INEGI, National Survey on Household Income and Expenditures – ENIGH, 2024)

While many households rely primarily on wages, others depend on informal work or social aid. The data helps illustrate how income distribution shapes daily living conditions across Mexico.

8) In 2024, there were 111,805 establishments in Mexico dedicated to producing tortillas and other corn-based products.

(Source: INEGI, National Statistical Directory of Economic Units – DENUE, 2025)

Corn is at the core of Mexican identity and daily diet, with tortillas as an indispensable staple.

9) Toluca de Lerdo, at 2,674 meters above sea level, is the state capital with the highest elevation in Mexico.

(Source: INEGI, Digital Elevation Models – MDE, 2024)

This altitude gives Toluca a cool climate year-round and makes it unique among
Mexican capitals. Its geography also influences local traditions, agriculture and even high-performance sports, all adapted to life at nearly 2,700 meters.

View of the Xinantécatl volcano from Toluca. (Crisanta Espinosa Aguilar/Cuartoscuro)

10) In 2021, 70.1% of women in Mexico had experienced at least one incident of violence at some point in their lives.

(Source: INEGI, National Survey on the Dynamics of Household Relationships – ENDIREH, 2021)

Psychological, sexual and physical violence against women is widespread in Mexico.

11) In 2024, 7,093,631 establishments were operating in Mexico.

(Source: INEGI, Economic Censuses – CE, 2024)

These establishments span sectors from commerce to services and manufacturing. Most
are small businesses and microenterprises, which form the backbone of the national economy.

12) How many books do Mexicans read per year? In 2022, Mexicans read an average of four books; by 2024, the figure had dropped to three.

(Source: INEGI, Reading Module – MOLEC, 2022 and 2024)

The number of books read by Mexicans has declined in recent years, especially among young adults. Economic factors, access to books and changing habits all play a role. Promoting reading remains an ongoing challenge for schools and families in Mexico.

13) In 2020, 70% of Mexico’s surface water (rivers, lakes, lagoons, wetlands) was found in Chiapas, Tabasco, Campeche and Veracruz.

(Source: INEGI, Hydrology – HIDRO, 2024)

These southeastern states receive the most rainfall, making them rich in natural water resources. Much of the country, especially the north and center, faces water scarcity despite the abundance in the south.

14) The collection of solid urban waste is one of the essential services provided by local governments. In 2022, an average of 108,146 tonnes were collected daily across Mexico.

(Source: INEGI, National Census of Municipal Governments and Mexico City Territorial Demarcations – CNGMD, 2023)

Most waste is gathered through door-to-door pickup, reflecting the country’s substantial urban population. Efficient waste management is a growing challenge for municipalities.

15) In 2024, there were 61.3 million vehicles in circulation in Mexico — a 5.4% increase from 2023.

(Source: INEGI, Motor Vehicles Registered in Circulation – VMRC, 2023 and 2024)

Car ownership continues to grow, especially in urban and suburban areas. Managing pollution and congestion is a growing priority, especially in Mexico City, which has the worst traffic of any city in the world.

16) Between April and June of 2025, the population who had a job or were looking for one had an average of 10.7 years of schooling (roughly equivalent to completing the second year of high school).

(Source: INEGI, National Employment and Occupation Survey – ENOE, second quarter 2025)

This educational level falls just short of finishing upper secondary education, which is a
challenge for workforce readiness in Mexico. Investing in education is key to narrowing
gaps between skills and employment opportunities. The figure also highlights how
school dropout rates continue to impact job prospects.

17) In 2023, 95 out of every 100 people living in Chiapas were born there, while in Quintana Roo, only 50 out of every 100 residents were natives of that state.

(Source: INEGI, National Survey on Demographic Dynamics – ENADID, 2023)

Chiapas has a highly rooted local population, unlike Quintana Roo, a prime destination for internal migration.

18) Between March and April 2025, 75.6% of Mexico’s population felt that living in their state was unsafe due to crime. By contrast, only 40.5% felt their own neighborhoods were unsafe.

(Source: INEGI, National Survey of Victimization and Perception of Public Safety – ENVIPE, 2025)

Insecurity is consistently perceived as the biggest concern among Mexicans. Personal experience varies widely depending on location and local conditions. These attitudes influence daily life, public policy and trust in institutions.

Puerto Vallarta rated third-safest city in Mexico

 

19) In 2022, 23.7% of Mexico’s population reported having experienced discrimination in the previous 12 months.

(Source: INEGI, National Survey on Discrimination – ENADIS, 2022)

The number of people facing discrimination has been on the rise. Marginalized groups, such as women, members of the LGBTQ+ community and migrants, report above-average experiences of exclusion in Mexico.

20) In 2024, the average monthly income for women in Mexico was 7,905 pesos (US $429), while for men it was 12,016 pesos (US $652) — a gender gap of 4,111 pesos (US $222.50).

(Source: INEGI, National Survey on Household Income and Expenditures – ENIGH, 2024)

Women earned about 34% less than men on average, highlighting persistent gender inequality in Mexico’s labor market. Pay differences can be influenced by occupation, education level and family responsibilities. Bridging the gap is a longstanding goal for policy and social programs.

Mexico News Daily

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