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Isthmus development plan: 8-billion-peso investment and new free zone

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Transportation Secretary Jiménez, López Obrador and Veracruz Governor Cuitláhuac García at yesterday's announcement.
Transportation Secretary Jiménez, López Obrador and Veracruz Governor Cuitláhuac García at yesterday's announcement.

President López Obrador officially announced an initial investment of 8 billion pesos (US $403.4 million) to develop the Isthmus of Tehuantepec region and pledged that a new free zone will be implemented there within three years.

Speaking at an event yesterday in the port city of Salina Cruz, Oaxaca, López Obrador urged Mexico’s private sector to invest in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec Development Plan, explaining that for “strategic and sovereign” reasons foreign investment won’t be sought.

“It’s going to be a national investment; I call on the businesspeople of Mexico [to invest] so that we have a mix of resources, public and private investment, for the development of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec,” he said.

The president said the government has created a 3-billion-peso (US $151.3-million) trust to undertake work to expand and modernize the ports in Salina Cruz and Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz, and that around 1 billion pesos (US $50.4 million) will go to the restoration of the trans-isthmus railroad between the two cities.

The Salina Cruz-Coatzacoalcos highway will be widened in the section between Acayucan, Veracruz, and Matías Romero, Oaxaca, the Pemex refineries at Salina Cruz and Minatitlán will be upgraded, a new trans-isthmus gas pipeline will be built and a fiber optic network will be installed to improve internet connectivity, López Obrador said.

He explained that funds to complete all the projects were announced in the 2019 budget that was presented by Finance Secretary Carlos Urzúa on December 15. López Obrador added that he expected Congress to approve the spending package this week.

The president said that once the infrastructure projects have been completed, the Isthmus of Tehuantepec region will become a free zone with lower taxes than most other parts of the country.

“Once we have the basic infrastructure, which I calculate will be in two years, in the third year a free zone [will be implemented] in the isthmus . . . Once we’ve modernized the port, the railway tracks, perhaps the new gas pipeline using the right of way we already have, [once we’ve] upgraded the two refineries, then there will be a free zone. What does that mean? That we’re going to lower the IVA [value-added tax] and ISR [income tax] by half,” López Obrador said.

Communications and Transportation Secretary Javier Jiménez Espriú, who will be responsible for the rail, highway and fiber optic network projects, said that the aim of the development plan is to turn the isthmus region into “one of the most attractive places for investment and one of the most developed places in the world.”

The distance between Salina Cruz, on the Pacific Ocean, and Coatzacoalcos, on the Gulf of Mexico, is just over 300 kilometers.

The isthmus region, which is also Mexico’s wind power mecca, has long been touted as a potential rival to the Panama Canal.

Source: El Economista (sp) 

It’s been 14 months since displaced people in Chiapas fled their homes

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Displaced citizens of Chiapas who were forced to flee their homes last year.
Displaced citizens of Chiapas have been homeless since October last year.

It’s been 14 months since some 5,000 people in Chiapas were forced to flee their homes in Chalchihuitán. And although about 4,000 have since returned, 1,200 remain homeless, a situation for which they hold the municipal government responsible.

Representatives of the displaced people told a press conference this week that they have yet to recover their properties, which were occupied by armed civilians after the residents fled.

Municipal and state authorities have denied the existence of the displaced families, said a spokesman, on the grounds that they have abandoned the camps in which they had been staying.

But in fact, the conference was told, the displaced people have simply dispersed.

Those who remain in camps do not stay in one place for long because authorities put pressure on the owners of the land to limit the time they can stay.

The former Chalchihuitán residents accuse Mayor Hermelindo García Núñez of instigating the conflict and discriminating against the displaced.

They also accused him of attempting to incarcerate and lynch some of their number after they had attended a meeting with state and municipal authorities.

Things got worse after the disappearance of a 15-million-peso payment (US $750,000) by the state government to the displaced.

The latter demanded that the state government comply with the recommendations by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, which urged municipal authorities to end the climate of violence and confrontation it has instigated.

The exodus from Chalchihuitán occurred in October last year when more than 5,000 people left everything behind and fled to the mountains after community leader Samuel Luna Girón was slain. Three months later, nearly 4,000 returned, but 1,237 have not been able to do so.

The conflict has its roots in a longstanding dispute over territorial boundaries.

Source: Reforma (sp)

Farmers block access to legislature at San Lázaro to protest budget cut

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Farmers demonstrate outside Congress to protest budget cut.
Farmers demonstrate outside Congress to protest cut in agricultural funding.

Around 30 farmers’ organizations blocked access to the lower house of Congress for eight hours yesterday to protest against a 20% cut to agriculture and rural development in the 2019 budget.

Members of the groups, which included the National Farmers Confederation (CNC) and the General Union of Workers and Farmers (Ugocm), broke into the San Lázaro Legislative Palace complex at 10:00am assisted by Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) deputy Ismael Hernández, who is also the CNC president.

Standing on the building’s forecourt with Congress in session, the protesters demanded a meeting with Morena party deputy and budget committee president Alfonso Ramírez Cuéllar.

The demand was met but after they outlined to Ramírez their opposition to the 20.5% cut announced in the 2019 Economic Package, the union members also insisted on a meeting with Mario Delgado, Morena’s leader in the Chamber of Deputies.

However, when that wish was not granted the protesters decided to block all accesses to the Congress in order to prevent anyone from entering or leaving.

After the legislative session concluded at 3:00pm, lawmakers and Congress employees flowed out of the building but couldn’t leave the grounds.

Some deputies scaled the perimeter fence, defying warnings from security personnel not to do so, while hundreds of employees demanded that lawmakers resolve the situation and put an end to what they described as a “kidnapping.”

When National Action Party (PAN) Deputy Marco Antonio Adame informed them about the progress of negotiations to clear the entry and exit points they shouted, “We want to leave! We’re hungry!”

At about 7:00pm, after a meeting with Delgado, leaders of the farmers’ groups announced that they would end their blockades but maintain their protest.

Delgado told a press conference that no agreement had been reached with the groups with regard to the budget cut but explained that they had committed to present their pleas in a less confrontational manner.

“They’ve taken the decision to return to their states, there was a willingness on the part of the organizations . . . to allow us to enter [Congress] tomorrow,” he said.

At 8:00pm, lawmakers and employees trapped inside the complex were finally permitted to leave via a single exit, a process that took half an hour to complete.

Last Saturday, Finance Secretary Carlos Urzúa presented the new government’s 2019 budget, which was generally described as fiscally prudent and realistic.

The Secretariat of Agriculture and Rural Development (Sader) was allocated just over 57.3 billion pesos (US $2.9 billion), about 14.8 billion pesos less than that its predecessor Sagarpa received this year.

President López Obrador has pledged to implement agricultural policies that increase yields of corn and other foodstuffs so that Mexico can achieve food and fodder self-sufficiency.

But some agricultural experts have questioned the viability of the government’s plans, arguing that there is not enough land or water for it to meet its goals.

Source: Milenio (sp), El Economista (sp)  

Government workers in four states protest unpaid salaries, bonuses

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A blockade in Hidalgo yesterday, where 14,000 retired teachers are still waiting for their year-end bonus.
A blockade in Hidalgo yesterday, where 14,000 retired teachers are still waiting for their year-end bonus.

State government employees and teachers in Baja California, Tabasco, Hidalgo and Chiapas took to the streets this week, protesting unpaid salaries and year-end bonuses.

The largest protest took place in Hidalgo where 14,400 retired teachers have yet to receive their yearly bonus of 6,500 pesos (US $325).

Authorities explained that they are in arrears for 100 million pesos but have no money.

In protest, the retired teachers set up at least 20 roadblocks on highways around the state at 9:00am yesterday and maintained them for the next 10 hours.

Also yesterday, thousands of government workers in the Baja California cities of Mexicali, Tijuana and Ensenada occupied several government facilities to demand payment of their aguinaldo, or year-end bonus.

Spokesman Lázaro Mosqueda explained that some 2,500 employees and 2,000 retired workers protested when the bonuses were not paid by the December 20 deadline.

The secretary of the government workers’ union in Baja California, Arturo Gutiérrez, said there were about 4,000 active workers in the state who have yet to receive the payments.

In Tabasco there were four days of protests by state government workers, teachers, health and education administrative staff and retirees, who mounted eight roadblocks around the city of Villahermosa for up to nine hours at a time.

The protesters said they will resume their demonstrations if the money has not been paid by December 27.

In Chiapas, teachers at the state-run Cobach preparatory schools protested yesterday outside the governor’s offices in Tuxtla Gutiérrez, demanding the payment of their bonuses and salaries owed since December 15.

Teachers’ union leader Víctor Manuel Pinot Juárez said more than 7,500 teachers are affected, and that 200 million pesos (US $10 million) is owed.

Source: El Universal (sp)

Federal government cancels magical towns’ funding program

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Mocorito, a magical town in Sinaloa.
Mocorito, a magical town in Sinaloa.

Mexico’s 121 magical towns might not receive any federal money in 2019 because the program that currently funds them has been cancelled.

Tourism Secretary Miguel Torruco confirmed that the government has terminated the funding program known as Prodermágico, explaining that it wants state and municipal governments to invest their own money in the upkeep and promotion of their pueblos mágicos.

The new government has also decided to disband the Tourism Promotion Council (CPTM), which tourism insiders said would affect Mexico’s smallest states the most.

Nevertheless, resources allocated to the Secretariat of Tourism in the 2019 budget presented last week increased by 124% compared to this year but the lion’s share of funding will go towards construction of the Maya Train.

The magical towns program launched in 2001 with the aim of boosting visitor numbers to lesser known destinations with special features that make them attractive to tourists.

This year, the previous federal government allocated 586 million pesos (US $29.3 million) to Prodermágico, meaning that if the money was distributed evenly, each magical town would have received over 4.8 million pesos (US $240,000).

Before the new government took office, Torruco said he would carry out an “exhaustive review” of the magical towns scheme, charging that its rules and objectives had become unclear.

Last month, two tourism experts said that no one really knows how effective the pueblos mágicos program is in attracting tourism because there is no standardized means to measure its success.

The scheme also faced claims during the last government’s six-year term that it is more about politics than tourism and that the designation of a destination as magical comes down to negotiations between state governors and federal authorities, with money as the main motivator.

The decision to eliminate the program’s federal funding is expected to have the greatest impact on México state, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacán, Puebla, Querétaro, Veracruz and Zacatecas. Half of all pueblos mágicos are located in those states.

Despite Torruco’s confirmation that the funding program has been scrapped, Sinaloa Tourism Secretary Óscar Pérez Barros said that both his federal counterpart and President López Obrador had assured state authorities that funding would actually increase.

Pérez said that a 27% increase in funding for Mocorito, El Rosario, Cosalá and El Fuerte was proposed, claiming “it’s in the budget, what happened is that they didn’t label it as such.”

In San Luis Potosí, municipal authorities in Real de Catorce and Aquísimón said that they will seek funding from other federal programs as well as the state government so they can continue to attract tourists.

The latter town was one of 10 destinations that were added to the program in October.

In Jalisco, lawmaker Luis Ernesto Munguía said that cancellation of the Prodermágico program amounted to “punishment” for the state’s magical towns including Tequila, Lagos de Moreno and Mazamitla.

Adriana Cardoso, tourism director in Huichapan – one of six pueblos mágicos in Hidalgo – described the government’s decision as “regrettable,” explaining that the funding had been used both to maintain the town’s “magical” image as well as to promote it.

Source: El Universal (sp) 

Pipeline taps soar 45% in first 10 months to 12,581, up from 8,664 last year

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Soldiers on the lookout for pipeline thieves in San Martín Texmelucan, Puebla.
Soldiers on the lookout for pipeline thieves in San Martín Texmelucan, Puebla.

Illegal taps on fuel pipelines increased by 45% in the first 10 months of 2018, according to the state oil company, and the total number of perforations is on track to exceed 15,000 this year.

Pemex’s most recent report on the crime showed that there were 12,581 taps detected on state-owned and private pipelines between January and October compared to 8,664 in the same period last year.

More than half the taps occurred in just four states — Puebla, Hidalgo, Guanajuato and Veracruz.

Puebla recorded the highest number, with 1,815, followed by Hidalgo with 1,726; Guanajuato with 1,547; and Veracruz with 1,338.

More than 1,000 illegal taps were also recorded in the first 10 months of the year in each of México state, Jalisco and Tamaulipas.

On average, 41 new illegal taps were discovered every day between January 1 and October 31.

Former Pemex CEO Carlos Treviño said in October that the crime, committed by gangs of fuel thieves known as huachicoleros, was expected to cost the state oil company 35 billion pesos (US $1.75 billion) this year.

Between 2013, the first full year of the previous government, and October 2018, Pemex reported 41,316 illegal taps, an unprecedented figure for a six-year presidential term.

During Vicente Fox’s presidency from 2000 to 2006, just 890 taps were reported, while during the six-year term of his successor Felipe Calderón, there were 4,865.

The incidence of the crime has continued to rise in recent years despite greater efforts to combat it, including operations involving the army and greater vigilance of pipelines.

In some parts of the country, such as the region of Puebla known as the Red Triangle, pipeline theft is such a common practice that a culture, with its own saint and songs, has formed around it.

The crime is also linked to rising rates of violence in some states, such as Guanajuato, which has been transformed from a relatively peaceful state to one of the most violent in the country this year.

In Puebla, a clash between the army and huachicoleros last year left 10 people dead, including four soldiers.

There is also evidence that Mexico’s notorious drug cartels have moved in on the lucrative illicit fuel market and Pemex employees have come under investigation for alleged involvement in fuel theft.

The new government has pledged to prioritize combatting pipeline theft, a crime that Security Secretary Alfonso Durazo singled out earlier this month as a key contributing factor to the high levels of violence in Mexico.

President López Obrador said this month that his government will legislate to make pipeline theft a “serious crime.”

People arrested for it will no longer be able to be released from custody on bail, he said.

Source: El Universal (sp), Milenio (sp) 

Gold medal for Mexican team at Shanghai robotics competition

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Mexican robotics students in Shanghai.
Mexican robotics students in Shanghai.

Mexican teams dominated the primary school category of the World Educational Robotics (WER) contest held in Shanghai, China, last weekend, taking the top three spots.

Competing against robotic enthusiasts from more than 20 countries, the team representing West Heights International School in Monterrey, Nuevo Léon, was crowned champion after two days of competition in the Chinese city.

The team, competing under the name Warriors, was made up of sixth-grade students Ricardo Gael González Zamudio, Rafael Lua Oliver and Mariana Torrija Arturo and mentored by technology teacher Grace Irela Zamudio.

They have now arrived back at their school in the Nuevo León capital, where they were given a heroes’ welcome.

“. . . They prepared and practiced a lot for this competition and something very special is that there was a lot of unity between the delegation [of Mexican teams],” Grace Zamudio said.

Torrija explained that she and her teammates were responsible for programming their robot to complete all the challenges set during the contest.

“. . . We put in an infrared system, made it go forward and change directions, they gave us two hours [to do it],” she said.

Twelve-year-old Lua Oliver described the competition as very complicated.

“There was a lot of stress because we were up against 500 teams,” he said, adding that the team’s result showed that “there is good education in Mexico.”

The second and third places in the primary school category were taken by the María Fernanda Primary School in La Paz, Baja California Sur, and the Americano Anáhuac School in San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo Léon, respectively.

Torrija said that the three teams supported each other during the competition.

“. . . We gave each other tips and advice because we weren’t interested in winning ourselves, we cared more about Mexico winning . . .” she said.

Mexican teams also fared well in the high-school category.

A team from the Subiré school in León, Guanajuato, took fourth spot overall but was first in the international category, while a team from the Silao Conalep Technical School in the same state finished eighth overall but second out of the non-Chinese teams.

A team from another Guanajuato school, the No. 29 Tech. in Pénjamo, finished second in the middle-school international category.

Source: Notimex (sp) 

The transcendental process from tourist to snowbird to expat: what does it take?

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lineup in Mexico
If you find yourself in one of these it's a good opportunity to brush up on your Spanish skills.

No matter how long one has been an expat living in Mexico, most of us first started as tourists. As a tourist, my interactions with the Mexican culture were sporadic and shallow in nature, but captivating enough to envisage a future asylum in this alluring country.

At that time as a seasoned tourist in Mexico, I was proud of my perfect diction. I would ask “Cerveza más fría?” “Cerveza fría más?” “Más cerveza fría!” Or “Dónde está cerveza fría?” This fine command of the language put me in high regard in the eyes of my wife and children.

Now, however, I realize that during my time as a tourist I learned very little which is now useful in my residential capacity. Learning the language is only one of two very important factors which contribute to a transcendent lifestyle for the average expat.

However, no matter how good your Spanish is, without cultural adjustment your life in Mexico cannot be as culturally rich is it might be. And usually the inability to achieve this elusive cultural adjustment is a direct result of preconceived cultural expectations, unaltered by the physical shift undertaken, and which, given the differences in surroundings, can in time override the pleasure centers of the brain and lead to severe psychological distress.

The transition from tourist to resident can sometimes be a winding path filled with incommodious topes which can hinder the cumbersome process of becoming a true expat. From local, state or federal government agencies with their superfluous imperatives, to a complex and sometimes downright illogical culture which has been shaped by 500 years of bloody turmoil and honed with an overabundance of religion and primal superstitions, nothing is easy or clear-cut about precipitating your expat life.

As a tourist, you view your time in Mexico as a great vacation: poolside margaritas, stunning old-world architecture, beautiful beaches, mystical Mesoamerican sites and so on, you get the idea. Remember? Most tourists know, on one level or another, that what they are enjoying about Mexico is somewhat removed from the life outside their all-inclusive compound.

It is most likely during that period of a tourist’s transition that the seed is planted deep within the folds of the gray matter: “I could live here.” Subsequent vacations to the varied locales of Mexico feed the seed and it grows into a recurring day dream — could it be possible for me (or us) to live in Mexico?

The 1964 film Night of the Iguana put Puerto Vallarta on the tourist map, and repeated visits by John Wayne, Robert Mitchum, John Huston and similar shining stars brought Mazatlán into the tourism spotlight in the late 50s. In fact, John Wayne was such a regular at the Belmar Hotel that there is an old wooden armchair which bears the carved initials JW and has been proudly displayed in the lobby for over 60 years.

Personally, I find it difficult to imagine John Wayne defacing a piece of furniture with his pocket knife. However, several years ago a Canadian man was so taken with the prospect that such a unique and valuable piece of Hollywood memorabilia was not chained to the concrete wall that he stole the chair. When this brazen theft became known, several of the aging Belmar Bohemians bemoaned the loss of this priceless artifact on one of the local internet forums.

After an absence of many months, the fabled chair miraculously reappeared in the Belmar’s lobby in the wee hours of the morning. But going back in time again, so much for the Hollywood crowd: none of them ever became residents.

A great number of Mexico’s tourists are Canadian. So what’s that all a boot? Could it be connected to the fact that unlike some states in the U.S. Canada does not have any provinces with mild winter weather? Regardless of where you live in the provinces, the winters have the potential to kill people. Quickly.

For many Canadians, the risk of frostbite or hypothermia is far greater than the risk of being gunned down by the narcos in Mexico. Many of the Canadians who winter here are quintessential snowbirds who stay in the tropics for several months at a time.

Snowbirds from the U.S., while sharing many traits with their confederates from the frozen north, frequently have as their ultimate commonality a desire never be labeled a tourist.

The transformation from tourist to roosting snowbird is a defining moment in the metamorphic process which leads to life as an expat. As a snowbird rather than a mere tourist, these people are living within the culture several months at a time. They deal with cumbersome and needlessly complex Mexican governmental requirements and procedures: they have learned how to stand in line, they are making slow progress with Spanish, they have learned where and how to shop, they have learned that many locals will be helpful and say yes whether yes is the correct answer or not, and many other things tourists will not grasp during their short visits.

There are a myriad of daily trials and tribulations which tend to buffet a snowbird about, as they search for the perfect life in Mexico.

When faced with the vexing tasks listed above, some of which require days to work through when the same issues could be handled in an hour “back home,” the snowbird is tested. Spending time in chaotic Mexican traffic, coming across spontaneous parades which make roads unusable with no notice, ditto spontaneous street parties, with the same result plus lots of noise, experiencing first-hand the effect of constantly changing immigration regulations, the seeming lack of logic in most things Mexican are just some of the many tests.

The snowbirds who are in Mexico only because it is cheap and warm (as opposed to those who have always yearned to travel to and live in a faraway and completely culturally different place or who have successfully completed the Acme Expat Immersion Therapy and Attitude Modification Program), are the ones who will be more likely to fail most of the daily tests. Frustration as well as exasperation is lurking around every corner and every day for those among us who believe that if Mexico would only make this change or that change, life here would be so much more amenable.

So already, the daily experiences of the snowbirds who have managed so far to maneuver nimbly and successfully through these tests have brought about some level of understanding of the culture. However the climatic stage of evolution, from tourist to expat, begins to unfold when the aspiring expat fully comprehends the adage: you can’t change Mexico, Mexico changes you — and that’s OK.

Only then will the hours or sometimes days it takes to register your car become a cultural adventure rather than a vexatious ordeal. Standing in line becomes a chance to practice your tentative Spanish skills. Scanning the abundant signs that pepper the buildings, while stalled in traffic, becomes an ad hoc opportunity to improve your Spanish comprehension, which is far preferable to capitulating to stress-induced annoyance. When life in Mexico becomes as comfortable as an old shoe, the assimilation process is well under way.

If you can find your way along such a channel, melding into the unique way of life in Mexico is a continuous process which slowly permeates your being until your cultural comfort zone is achieved. Being a gringo in paradise has twists and turns that are obvious and some that possess the enduring element of surprise. But no matter how your days slide by, if you are open-minded, each one will either teach you something or entertain you with an episode that will have you shaking your head in either disbelief or wonderment.

Tourism is a wonderful exercise for those experiencing it and for the city which encourages it. Because the time here is so enjoyable, it is to be expected that large numbers of those tourists are going to turn into stayers for longer periods.

The challenge of becoming an expat can be huge in scope, or just another interesting path in life’s continuing journey; it’s all about stepping away from the inflexible notions that drive our daily lives, and just diving in with an open mind. The culture is fine, you’ll like it.

The writer describes himself as a very middle-aged man who lives full-time in Mazatlán with a captured tourist woman and the ghost of a half wild dog. He can be reached at buscardero@yahoo.com.

Aguascalientes breaks record for largest tree made with recycled materials

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The record-breaking Christmas tree in Aguascalientes.
The record-breaking Christmas tree in Aguascalientes.

Primary and secondary school students in the city of Aguascalientes collected close to 100,000 plastic bottles over the last seven weeks which were then used to create the tallest Christmas tree in the world made with recycled materials.

The record was sanctioned by Guinness World Records and its representative in Latin America, Carlos Tapia Rojas, who measured the tree and officially declared it to be 27.84 meters tall.

“Congratulations, Aguascalientes,” said Tapia, “congratulations, Mexico, you are now officially amazing.”

The plastic collected by students at more than 70 schools, in collaboration with the beverage company Coca-Cola, was used by 120 municipal public works staff to create a structure that, once finished, resembled a Christmas tree.

Following the same theme, the tree was then decorated by municipal staff who reused materials such as cardboard and metal.

Aguascalientes’ record-breaking recycled Christmas tree is now one attraction more at a Christmas Village set up by the state government in the capital city.

Once the festivities are over, the tree will be disassembled and the plastic used to create it will be transported by Coca-Cola to a recycling plant it operates in Toluca, México state.

Source: El Financiero (sp), El Universal (sp)

Actress with links to ‘El Chapo’ Guzmán suing Mexican officials for US $60 million

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Del Castillo and one of her lawyers at yesterday's press conference.
Del Castillo and one of her lawyers at yesterday's press conference.

Actress Kate del Castillo is suing former Mexican officials for US $60 million for “moral and material damages” and implied that she would like to kick Oscar-winning actor Sean Penn in the balls.

Del Castillo, perhaps best known for arranging a secret meeting between Penn and former drug lord Joaquín “El Chapo” Guzmán in 2015, told a press conference in Mexico City yesterday that her treatment by the former “macho” federal government amounted to “political persecution” and was motivated by her gender.

Mexican authorities investigated del Castillo after she arranged the meeting between Penn and the former Sinaloa Cartel chief.

Penn wrote a 10,000-word account of the meeting for the magazine Rolling Stone that was published the day after Guzmán was captured in Los Mochis, Sinaloa, in January 2016.

Del Castillo is reportedly the favorite actress of El Chapo, who is currently on trial in New York.

Penn, left, and Guzmán at a meeting in 2015.
Penn, left, and Guzmán at a meeting in 2015.

She was never charged but del Castillo claims that her reputation was damaged by information leaked by prosecutors in the administration of former president Enrique Peña Nieto, including the possibility that she might be linked to drug trafficking and that she had a romantic relationship with Guzmán.

“The Mexican government chased me and attacked me for being critical of the government, or for interviewing the most wanted man in the world . . .” she said.

“If I had been a man, that would have been another story, we would not be here. It is a violation of my rights for being a woman and actress; it is sad that in this time we keep having to fight only because we are women.”

In January last year, the actress told the Associated Press: “It’s not been a good year. I couldn’t work because people didn’t want me, because they were afraid.”

Del Castillo explained that she arranged the meeting between Penn and Guzmán because she was considering making a documentary or film about the latter.

But she said yesterday that she now has no plans to work on such a project, adding that she is no longer in contact with Penn and believes that he betrayed her.

“Sean Penn apparently helped in the location and detention” of Guzmán, she said.

“I was not aware of that situation, and that it why I’ve always referred to it as a betrayal . . . I have not talked to him for a long time, but if I saw him face to face, I would kick him in his private parts.”

Del Castillo had not returned to Mexico for three years because of concerns about the past government’s investigation but explained that she was reassured by the December 1 change in government and decided to come home for Christmas.

“I hope that things go incredibly well for the administration headed by Andrés Manuel López Obrador,” she said.

The 46-year-old actress also said that she hadn’t been summoned to give evidence at Guzmán’s trial on trafficking and conspiracy charges and declared: “I have nothing to hide, I didn’t commit any crime.”

Source: Associated Press (en), The Telegraph (en), Animal Político (sp)