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How Sheinbaum plans to reshape Mexico’s elections: Friday’s mañanera recapped

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President Sheinbaum at her morning press conference
On Friday, President Sheinbaum responded to questions about last year's overhaul of Mexico's judicial branch and previewed her goals for this year's electoral reform effort. (Saúl López / Presidencia)

President Claudia Sheinbaum held her Friday morning press conference in Ecatepec, one of Mexico’s largest municipalities by population.

Governor Delfina Gómez and other officials from México state, where Ecatepec is located, joined various federal functionaries at the mañanera.

México state Governor Delfina Gómez (seated to the right of the podium) joined President Sheinbaum at her Friday press conference in Ecatepec. (Saúl López / Presidencia)

Presidenta, your presence [here] strengthens us,” Gómez said in an introductory address.

Later in the press conference, Sheinbaum responded to questions on a range of topics including the electoral reform proposal she is expected to soon present to Congress, and the earthquake that activated the Seismic Alert System in Mexico City at around 12:40 a.m. Friday.

She also defended her government’s record on security, after the U.S. State Department’s Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs said in a social media post that the United States has “made clear” to Mexico that “incremental progress in facing border security challenges is unacceptable.” (Read Mexico News Daily’s story on Sheinbaum’s remarks here.)

Sheinbaum discusses electoral reform proposal 

During her Q&A session with reporters, Sheinbaum outlined the “central elements” that “the people” are asking for with respect to electoral reform in Mexico.

The president — who in the coming weeks is expected to present a wide-ranging electoral reform proposal to Congress — said that the Mexican people (and her government) are seeking a reduction in costs related to holding elections, and an electoral system in which proportional representation (plurinominal) candidates are not selected by party chiefs.

“There are deputies who have been plurinominal deputies their whole lives, senators [as well]. The objective of the reform is that the people also decide about proportional representation,” Sheinbaum said.

She also said that the reform proposal she will submit to Congress will aim to increase “citizen participation” in various facets of Mexico’s democracy.

“People should express their opinions and participate, that’s democracy,” said Sheinbaum, who also said that her reform proposal would aim to make it easier for Mexicans abroad, especially those in the United States, to “exercise their right to vote.”

On Thursday, she asserted that the National Electoral Institute — the authority responsible for organizing elections in Mexico and the nation’s electoral umpire — will not lose its autonomy as a result of the reform, as opposition politicians have claimed.

Indeed, opposition lawmakers have dubbed Sheinbaum’s proposed reform — which has not yet been drawn up — the “Ley Maduro,” or “Maduro Law,” after ousted Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro, to whom the National Electoral Council of Venezuela awarded the 2024 presidential election even though he is widely believed to have lost.

Under the new proposal, proportional representation (plurinominal) deputies would no longer be chosen by party leaders, Sheinbaum said. Currently, plurinominal seats often go to well-connected political insiders. (Mario Jasso / Cuartoscuro.com)

On Thursday, Sheinbaum said: “We don’t have the proposal yet [but] they’re already calling it Ley Maduro.”

She subsequently asserted that the aim of the reform is “the strengthening of democracy.”

“We’ve always fought for democracy,” Sheinbaum said Friday, referring to herself and her colleagues in the “fourth transformation” (4T) political movement she leads.

‘The transformation isn’t a political party, … it’s a decision of the people of Mexico’ 

Later in her press conference, Sheinbaum was asked to respond to claims that the 4T now control’s Mexico’s judiciary in light of the election at last year’s first ever judicial elections of many judges, magistrates and Supreme Court justices seen as supporters of, or at least sympathetic to, the Morena party.

Referring to the 4T, she responded that “the transformation is not a political party,” but rather “a decision of the people of Mexico in 2018 to change the regime of corruption and privileges.”

In 2018, Andrés Manuel López Obrador was elected president and the party he created, Morena, took office at the federal level for the first time.

Mexico’s new Supreme Court takes the bench

Sheinbaum asserted that the “fourth transformation” is not represented by “la presidenta,” or a political party or groups of deputies or senators, although she acknowledged that “we are part” of the movement.

Rather, the 4T is “a collective desire to build a new country free of corruption and privileges, for the well-being of the people, with security and justice,” she said.

[It’s about] advancing toward what has always been the hope of the people: a better, more democratic, fairer, freer, sovereign country,” Sheinbaum said.

She added that the 4T is also about “the recovery or the rescue of our values” and acknowledgement of the people and “great civilizations” of the past, “the history of Mexico, our great heroes and heroines” and “the dignity of the people.”

“That’s the fourth transformation — a new model of development for the country. The transformation of the Supreme Court has to do with this new model, with this new vision of more justice for Mexico, of a true rule of law,” Sheinbaum said.

‘Fortunately, nothing happened,’ Sheinbaum says after 5.0 magnitude earthquake

Asked about the earthquake that occurred just after 12:40 a.m. Friday, Sheinbaum responded that “fortunately, nothing happened.”

“… There was no major damage,” she said.

The National Seismological Service said that the earthquake, whose epicenter was near San Marcos, Guerrero, was an aftershock of the 6.5 magnitude earthquake on Jan. 2. The epicenter of that temblor was also near San Marcos, located in the Costa Chica region of Guerrero.

Sheinbaum acknowledged that some homes were damaged in the Jan. 2 quake, and said that the federal government is working with authorities in Guerrero to support the affected homeowners.

By Mexico News Daily chief staff writer Peter Davies (peter.davies@mexiconewsdaily.com)

Aeroméxico calls for adding a third terminal to the Mexico City International Airport

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Aeromexico plane over AICM
Continued congestion at Terminals 1 and 2 has prompted Aeroméxico's CEO to revive the idea of building a third terminal at the Mexico City International Airport. (Mario Jasso/Cuartoscuro.com)

Mexico’s legacy airline Aeroméxico has proposed building a third terminal at the Mexico City International Airport (AICM) to solve the frequent congestion issues of Terminals 1 and 2.

“The airport has room to build a new Terminal 3 that would be larger than Terminal 1 and 2 combined” Aeroméxico CEO Andrés Conesa Labastida said in a podcast appearance this week. “It would increase capacity from 50 million passengers per year, to some 70 or 75 million.” 

T2 AT AICM
Terminal 2 was added to the Mexico City International Airport in 2004, but two decades later airline executives consider it too crowded. (File photo)

According to Conesa, Terminal 3 would be built adjacent to Terminal 2, which would require relocating Aeromexico’s maintenance and repair workshops. Building it next to Terminal 1 would not be possible, he said, since the site currently houses fuel farms and certain infrastructure that would be difficult to relocate. 

“I hope that this project could be studied, because it will be very good for the city and the country,” Conesa said. 

Conesa added that his proposal must be supplemented in operation by the Felipe Ángeles International Airport (AIFA) near Mexico City, and the Toluca International Airport in Mexico state, creating a combined capacity of more than 100 million passengers per year in the Valley of Mexico. 

“This would be more than enough for the next decades,” Conesa stated. 

This is not the first time the AICM’s congestion problem has been addressed, and that a third terminal has been proposed. In 2019, Gerardo Ferrando, CEO of the Mexico City Airport Group, announced a master plan for a third terminal was being drawn up and predicted that it would be inaugurated in 2020. At that time he said a fourth terminal was being analyzed as well. 

Even then, Luis Felipe de Oliveira, director of the Latin American and Caribbean Air Transport Association, said that a third terminal wouldn’t be enough to solve the AICM’s structural issues

“A third terminal would help but it won’t solve the problem,” Oliveira said then

During former President Enrique Peña Nieto’s administration (2012-2018), the master plan for a new airport had been approved to be built in Texcoco, near Mexico City, designed by renowned architect Norman Foster. That partially built new airport was canceled and the AIFA was built instead. 

Currently, the AICM is undergoing major renovation works to improve the passenger experience ahead of the 2026 FIFA World Cup, which will take place in Mexico, Canada and the United States. 

With reports from A21

More aggressive audits made 2025 a record year for tax collection in Mexico

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SAT building
Tax collection by the Tax Administration Service in 2025 increased by 4% over 2024, reaching 5.351 trillion pesos (nearly US $303 billion), a new record. (SAT)

The federal government’s total revenues reached a record high last year, surpassing 6 trillion pesos and increasing by 4.8% in real terms compared to 2024.

The tax collection part of that revenue also established a new record, according to a Thursday press release from the Tax Administration Service (SAT), bringing in 5.351 trillion pesos (nearly US $303 billion), a 4% increase over 2024 tax revenues.

computer
In addition to stricter controls, new excise taxes on such items as cigarettes, sugary drinks and video games willl help increase tax revenue over the next year. (Victoria Valtierra/Cuartoscuro.com)

The total government revenues of some 6.046 trillion pesos (US $342.3 billion) in 2025 was nearly 487.5 billion pesos (US $27.6 billion) more than in 2024. The total revenues collected even surpassed what was programmed, reaching 101.6% of the amount anticipated in this year’s federal budget.

Analysts attributed the record tax collection to the SAT’s new and more aggressive auditing strategy that relies on Generative Artificial Intelligence to carry out more comprehensive electronic audits, which provide more information and more documentation of taxpayer behavior.

Cynthia Valeriano, a professor at the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education, said the SAT’s tax strategy will go a long way in reinforcing the role it will play after Congress reformed federal tax laws late last year.

“The SAT has sufficient teeth and will have direct control mechanisms … to reduce the margins of tax evasion,” she said, adding that its aggressive strategy of constantly conducting audits of large and medium-sized companies will also discourage tax evasion.

The reforms, approved in November, focus on boosting collection through stricter controls, digital platform taxation (higher withholdings), increased excise taxes (tobacco, sugary drinks, video games), and enhanced measures against fake invoice schemes. Congress had estimated that fake invoice schemes were depriving the Treasury of 1.41 billion pesos (US $79.8 million) each year.

The SAT provided detailed information about the taxes it collected last year:

  • 2.889 trillion pesos (US $163.7 billion) in income tax (ISR), 204.5 billion pesos (US $11.6 billion) more than in 2024
  • 1.499 trillion pesos (US $84.9 billion) in value-added tax (IVA), an increase of nearly 91.5 billion pesos (nearly US $5.2 billion) compared to 2024
  • 671.27 billion pesos (US $38 billion) from the special tax on production and services (IEPS), 42.9 billion pesos (US $2.4 billion) more than in 2024

Valeriano did express concern about the government’s continued reliance on the same tax base, saying it must look to implement other measures to reduce informal employment and encourage “the self-managed economy to join the formal economy” in order to broaden the tax base.

With reports from Reforma, La Silla Rota and Forbes México

Transportation Ministry will reinforce Cancún’s nearly-complete Nichupté Bridge after photos show cracks

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An aerial view of an under-construction bridge leading to the thin peninsula that is Cancún's hotel zone
Photos from early December show the last stages of construction at the east end of the Nichupté Bridge, where it connects to Cancún's hotel zone. (Elizabeth Ruiz / Cuartoscuro.com)

Mexico’s Infrastructure, Communications and Transportation Ministry (SICT) has committed to reinforcing Cancún’s Nichupté Bridge after videos and photos circulating on social media revealed visible cracks in the concrete joints of the yet-to-be-inaugurated infrastructure project.

Following the circulation of images showing fissures in the unions between concrete blocks that make up the bridge, SICT announced it will strengthen the structure and conduct dynamic and static resistance tests before the bridge enters operation, according to El Economista.

A map showing the location of a new bridge in Cancún, Quintana Roo
The bridge cuts across the Nichupté lagoon, granting quicker access to Cancún’s hotel zone. (Gobierno de México)

Guido Mendiburu Solís, SICT delegate in Quintana Roo, said the bridge structure poses no risk to users. Nonetheless, he said four additional support pillars and a metal beam will be constructed at at least three support points throughout the concrete structure as reinforcement measures.

Some parts of the structure have settled, Mendiburu said, because the bridge was built in an area with high karsticity, a geological feature of limestone areas prone to sinkholes.

“It is not structural damage, but before it is inaugurated we will conduct load tests, both with moving and static vehicles, to verify that the work fulfills the objective for which it was designed,” the official explained.

The images shared by social media users this month show pronounced cracks and irregularities in concrete joints, particularly in sections of the traffic distributor connecting Bonampak Avenue and Luis Donaldo Colosio Boulevard, according to local news outlet Expediente Quintana Roo. The photos also reveal fissures on lower and lateral surfaces of the structure, as well as areas with cracked concrete and chipped edges, generating concern among drivers and local residents about the structural safety of the megaproject.

The 11.2-kilometer Nichupté Bridge, which officials had previously announced would open this month, has been plagued by delays since construction began in 2022. Originally proposed in 2006 as part of Cancún’s 2030 Strategic Plan for Sustainable Development, the project languished for 16 years before work finally commenced.

With the bridge scheduled to be inaugurated by the end of this month, builders are coming down to the wire, with Mendiburu reporting that construction is 93% complete.

The bridge will feature three lanes in each direction on its main section with one reversible lane, a bike path and pedestrian walkway. It is designed to reduce transit times between the city center and hotel zone by up to 45 minutes by crossing a portion of the Nichupté lagoon and avoiding the most congested traffic areas. Officials say it will benefit an average of 1.3 million residents and more than 20 million tourists annually, and have promised that there will be no tolls.

With reports from El Economista and Expediente Quintana Roo


This story was written by a Mexico News Daily staff editor with the assistance of Claude, then revised and fact-checked before publication.

MND Local: How one Puerto Vallarta expat group avoids the pitfalls of online culture

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Aerial image of Puerto Vallarta beach with people in the water and countless beach umbrellas all over the beach. There are white adobe apartment buildings lining the coast in the background.
Online expat groups are often an important resource for foreign newcomers to Mexico, but members can easily fall into gatekeeping behavior and online arguments. (Nicole Herrero/Unsplash)

Anyone who’s spent time in online expat groups knows the pattern: What often begins as a practical space for advice about visas, neighborhoods or where to find a decent loaf of bread can quickly spiral into something else entirely.

Minor misunderstandings flare into full-blown arguments. Longtime residents clash with newcomers. Local pride rubs up against foreign expectations. And before long, the original purpose of connection is buried beneath sarcasm, gatekeeping and thinly veiled frustration. Which is why, when something genuinely different comes along, people notice.

Melanie Henderson of Puerto Vallarta smiling on a balcony, wearing a Friends of Puerto Vallarta Animals tank top standing in front of a deck chair and a the giant leaf of a palm tree.
Melanie Henderson’s Puerto Vallarta online expat group has nearly 94,000 followers.

Humble beginnings

Puerto Vallarta Experience Share on Facebook has quietly become one of those rare online spaces that feels, dare we say, nice. 

It’s helpful without being patronizing and positive without being naive. It’s a place where newcomers feel welcome, and longtime residents don’t feel worn down by answering the same questions for the hundredth time. 

In a digital landscape where tension often feels inevitable, this page has somehow sidestepped it. And in doing so, it’s become a firm Vallarta favorite.

Page founder and Canadian expat Melanie Henderson started the group as a simple way of sharing her and her husband Travis’s experiences.

“My family, friends and the many customers I had where I used to work all wanted to know what we were into when we retired,” she said. “I began the page as a way of keeping them informed, and the next thing I knew, it unexpectedly grew. There was no moment when I thought it was needed; I just started it for fun and [as] a way to communicate with people.”

Logo for Puerto Vallarta Experience Share in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, featuring a watercolor sunset, palm trees, a whale tail, and the city's iconic Guadalupe church tower.
Puerto Vallarta Experience Share has managed to be a group where newcomers get gentle community and kind, helpful answers to questions about PV, not thin skins or arguments. (Courtesy of Melanie Henderson)

What’s striking is that the page — which has just shy of 94,000 followers — doesn’t position itself as an authority. There’s no sense of “we know better because we’ve been here longer.” Instead, it feels like a conversation happening at eye level. 

If someone asks a question about buses, they get three thoughtful answers instead of a lecture. Someone shares a small joy — a sunset, a meal, a chance encounter — and it’s met with warmth rather than one-upmanship.

At its heart, Puerto Vallarta Experience Share seems less interested in being right and more interested in being useful.

“This is a group to share, discover and celebrate everything about Puerto Vallarta,” Henderson said. “Whether it’s photos, experiences, restaurant reviews, hotel tips, events or travel questions, our community is here to help each other enjoy the best the area has to offer. I want people to experience the culture [and] the beautiful people and make meaningful memories. In a nutshell, I want the group to add happiness to everyone who’s on it. Knowing it was doing that would make me very happy.”

That sense of positive emotional aftertaste, how people feel when they log off, is perhaps the page’s quiet superpower.  And that doesn’t happen by accident.

Maintaining a positive tone in an expat group isn’t simply about deleting negativity. It’s about modelling behavior. It’s in the way questions are answered, disagreements are softened rather than sharpened, and humor is used to defuse rather than divide.

Screen capture of the About Page on Facebook to Puerto Vallarta Experience Share online group for expats in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico
Puerto Vallarta Experience Share’s About Page on Facebook. (Screen capture)

“We aim to post or make comments with kindness, respect, and positivity, so that others will follow suit,” Henderson said. “Our group has so many role models that inspire me, and they’ve helped me see the joy in everything. The group is very important to all of us, so we try to treat each other like family.”

There’s also a noticeable respect in the group for Puerto Vallarta itself. Not just as a backdrop for expat life, but as a living, breathing place with its own rhythms, people and history.

Posts regularly highlight local businesses, traditions and everyday moments that remind members they’re guests here, not just consumers of sunshine and scenery, and that respect feels genuine rather than performative. It’s woven quietly into the tone of the group, shaping how people speak about the city and, just as importantly, about one another. 

There’s an understanding that loving a place means listening to it, learning from it, and allowing oneself to be changed by it. That affection for Vallarta, and for the people who make it what it is, shines through in almost every interaction.

“I love the sense of community. There’s such a noticeable feeling of togetherness here,” Henderson said. “I’m grateful every day that my husband and I have been welcomed, and I want everyone to experience the joy we have in Vallarta.”

For many members, Puerto Vallarta Experience Share becomes something more than a practical resource. It’s a touchstone, a reminder of why they chose Vallarta in the first place, or why they’re considering it now. For those newly arrived, still finding their footing, it offers reassurance that uncertainty is all part of the process of being a migrant to a new country and that questions are welcome. 

A smiling portrait of Travis and Melanie Henderson at sunset in Puerto Vallarta. The background is blurred in a bokeh style.
Melanie Henderson with her husband, Travis. (Courtesy of Melanie Henderson)

For those who’ve been here longer, it gently rekindles a sense of appreciation that can sometimes fade with familiarity.

In that way, Puerto Vallarta Experience Share bridges a quiet but important gap: It allows different stages of expat life to coexist without competing. There’s room for the excitement of discovery alongside the steadiness of experience. There’s room for curiosity without judgment. And, above all, there’s room for kindness.

Looking ahead, the future of the page feels less about expansion and more about intention.

“As the group grows, I’m hoping it’ll continue to be a space we can all enjoy and share together,” Henderson said. “Each time someone reaches out to someone with a post or comment, it connects us. I think the dream is that those connections remain meaningful.”

In a digital world that often rewards outrage and scorn, Puerto Vallarta Experience Share has chosen a different path, valuing curiosity over righteousness, generosity over ego and connection over noise. 

That may not sound revolutionary, but in practice it is. Not because the group promises perfection but because it offers something far more sustaining: a reminder that community, when nurtured with care, can still be a source of comfort, joy and belonging.

In a city shaped by arrivals and departures, reinvention and return, Puerto Vallarta Experience Share reflects the best of what expat life can be: open, respectful and grounded in gratitude. A place where sharing experiences doesn’t mean competing for them and where being part of something never requires being someone you’re not.

In the end, that quiet sense of welcome may be its greatest success of all.

Charlotte Smith is a writer and journalist based in Mexico. Her work focuses on travel, politics and community.

Sheinbaum defends Mexico’s security record after US slams ‘unacceptable’ lack of progress

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Sheinbaum
In the face of renewed criticism from the Trump administration, President Claudia Sheinbaum defended Mexico's progress on security issues on Friday. She also urged to the U.S. to do its part combating addiction and reducing demand for fentanyl. (Presidencia/Cuartoscuro.com)

Responding to another sharp U.S. criticism of Mexico’s progress on security issues, President Claudia Sheinbaum on Friday defended her country’s record and reiterated her rejection of repeated U.S. offers of military intervention.

The U.S. government had issued a terse statement on Thursday after Mexican Foreign Minister Juan Ramón de la Fuente and U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio discussed strategies to confront shared security threats this week.

Acknowledging that progress on bilateral security matters is being made, De la Fuente and Rubio — who also spoke on Sunday — agreed that significant challenges remain.

In a joint statement on security cooperation released on Thursday, the State Department said that the two diplomats “reaffirmed the importance of the U.S.-Mexico partnership, grounded in mutual respect for sovereignty, while acknowledging that more must be done to confront shared threats.”

But the State Department’s Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs took a harder line in a social media post issued later Thursday:

“The United States made clear that incremental progress in facing border security challenges is unacceptable.” 

It added that Mexico is being asked to provide “concrete, verifiable outcomes to dismantle narcoterrorist networks and deliver a real reduction in fentanyl trafficking.”

Thursday’s diplomatic exchange came three days after Sheinbaum personally told U.S. President Donald Trump that U.S. intervention against Mexican cartels is unnecessary. Sheinbaum had requested the dialogue after Trump said he was prepared to confront drug cartels on the ground while again claiming that cartels run Mexico.

In her Friday morning response to the U.S. demand for increasingly stringent security measures and greater results, Sheinbaum asserted that Mexico has achieved significant progress.

“Fentanyl seizures at the U.S.-Mexico border have declined by 50 percent, according to official U.S. data,” she said, adding that the reduction means larger shipments are being seized on the Mexican side of the border.

What Sheinbaum thinks the US should do 

While insisting that bilateral cooperation is based on mutual respect and shared responsibility, Sheinbaum told reporters at her Friday morning press conference that it is incumbent upon the U.S. to more aggressively address the illicit flow of weapons into Mexico and to conduct an intensive campaign among young people to prevent drug addiction.

“It ought not be assumed that the issue of drug trafficking can be solved on this side of the border,” she said. “The consumption crisis they have there must be addressed from a public health perspective, with prevention campaigns and education. Because the consumption is there.” 

With regards to arms trafficking, Sheinbaum noted that according to data from the U.S. Department of Justice, 75% of the weapons entering Mexico originate in the United States.

She added that just this week Mexico’s Defense Ministry seized a shipment of 21 rifles and 30 handguns being smuggled across the border into Tijuana. 

Sheinbaum also said that Mexico has requested the support of technological surveillance equipment to reinforce operations carried out exclusively by Mexican agencies.

Thursday’s joint statement revealed that the bilateral Security Implementation Group — established last year to coordinate actions against drug/arms trafficking, financial crimes and fuel theft, and first convened in September 2025 — will meet next on Jan. 23. It has been tasked with “delivering tangible actions to strengthen security cooperation and meaningful outcomes to counter cartels.” 

At next week’s meeting, the Group will “follow up on bilateral initiatives to promote information-sharing” and will reassess already established cross-border security initiatives.

The North American neighbors will also hold a Security Ministerial in Washington, D.C., in February, which “will provide an opportunity to assess progress, identify gaps and set clear expectations for further collaboration.”

With reports from El Financiero, La Jornada and CNN

The Mexican researcher who’s shrinking AI — literally

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One Mexican researcher is reducing the size of the microchips that power AI, and it's won him a prestigious scholarship at Google. (Tec de Monterrey)

When Luis Eduardo Garza Elizondo was a kid, he couldn’t resist prying open his toys. It wasn’t about breaking them — it was about seeing how they worked. “I wanted to understand what was inside,” he recalls. That childhood obsession never really stopped. It just got a lot more sophisticated.

Now, as a PhD candidate at Tecnológico de Monterrey, Garza is pushing artificial intelligence to an entirely new frontier: the micro-world of chips, sensors, and embedded devices. Forget massive server clusters or data centers sucking up megawatts of power. His vision is of an AI that can think locally — and he is creating miniature, energy-efficient systems that learn and adapt on the fly without ever calling home to the cloud.

Luis Eduardo Garza Elizondo, the inventor of TinyRL. (Tec de Monterrey)

That bold idea has earned him a Google PhD Fellowship for 2025, a prestigious award reserved for the most promising young scientists redefining how computing will look in the next decade.

When Big AI gets too big

Most of today’s AI depends on immense computational infrastructure. This is like brainpower outsourced to enormous digital “cathedrals” — endless racks of GPUs chewing through terabytes of data. It’s powerful but also unsustainable.

“Today’s large AI models have an enormous environmental footprint,” Garza says. “We want to show that intelligence doesn’t have to mean excess — that it’s possible to build systems that are just as capable, but far more sustainable and accessible.”

Enter Tiny Reinforcement Learning, or TinyRL — Garza’s minimalist twist on machine learning. In essence, he’s teaching microsystems to be smart. TinyRL combines reinforcement learning (where machines learn by trial and error) with math inspired by the Kolmogorov-Arnold theorem, letting embedded devices optimize themselves in real time. The most incredible part of this process is that no supercomputers are required, unlike the large-scale machine learning systems that are currently popular.

A robot that learns by failing

In the university’s robotics lab, Garza and his team are testing a small ground robot that starts out totally clueless. It doesn’t know where it is, how its wheels move, or what its sensors are for. But through thousands of tiny experiments — bumping into walls, pivoting, adjusting — it begins to figure it out.

After a few hours of digital trial and error, that chaos turns into coordination. “You can literally see intelligence emerging from scratch,” Garza explains. The robot goes from jittery improvisation to purposeful navigation, all without any pre-programmed instructions or cloud-based training.

This proof-of-concept robot uses miniature AI chips to learn how to operate. (Tec de Monterrey)

Soon, these algorithms will evolve to run on multi-microcontroller architectures, where multiple miniature agents learn together and share discoveries, creating a sort of ecosystem of networked intelligences.

The human-centered future of Industry 5.0

The work anchors Tec de Monterrey’s “Research Group for Industry 5.0,” a collaborative effort to design technology that’s smaller, smarter, and friendlier to both people and the planet.

Garza imagines factories where robots learn new tasks on the job, homes where assistive devices adapt to their users, and wearable health monitors that predict problems before they surface. “Imagine a smartwatch that doesn’t just track your pulse,” he says. “It anticipates changes in your health and warns you before something happens.”

For Google, his selection as a 2025 fellow places him among 255 doctoral candidates worldwide tackling pressing computing challenges. The program provides mentorship, funding, and a global research network. For Garza Elizondo, it’s an affirmation that big thinking doesn’t have to live in big machines.

“When people think about AI, they imagine huge systems behind screens,” he says. “But what excites me is the idea that intelligence can live anywhere — even in the tiniest corner of a chip.”

This story was written by a Mexico News Daily staff editor with the assistance of Perplexity, then revised and fact-checked before publication.

5.0 quake triggers alarm in Mexico City, shakes Guerrero

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Residents in the street after quake
Mexico City residents found themselves huddling in the cold after a Seismic Alert System warning sent them into the street shortly after midnight Friday. (Andrea Murcia/Cuartoscuro.com)

Residents of Mexico City were again rousted from their beds just after midnight Friday after an earthquake triggered the Seismic Alert System, but authorities quickly reported that no damage had occurred.

The 5.0 magnitude temblor was barely perceptible in most of the capital, but did produce some minor shaking closer to the epicenter in the Pacific coast state of Guerrero.

 In a social media post shortly after the incident, President Claudia Sheinbaum said no damage had been reported, adding that “the National Civil Protection Coordination is initiating the review protocol” in Mexico City and in areas around the epicenter.

Hours later, federal and local authorities said no injuries had been reported and confirmed that no significant damage to infrastructure had been identified.

Mexico’s National Seismological Service (SSN) described the tremor as an aftershock related to the Jan. 2 earthquake that rang in the New Year.

“Through 8 a.m. on Jan. 16, 2026, we have registered 4,700 aftershocks related to the 6.5 magnitude earthquake that occurred in San Marcos, Guerrero, on Jan. 2, 2026, the largest being magnitude 5.0,” the SSN said on its website.

Forty-eight more aftershocks occurred in the seven hours immediately after the Friday morning temblor, the largest reaching just 4.1, the SSN reported.

Newspaper reports indicated the epicenter of the 5.0 magnitude tremor was 17 kilometers (10 miles) southwest of San Marcos, and about 70 kilometers (44 miles) south of Acapulco.

The distance from San Marcos to Mexico City is roughly 365 kilometers (225 miles).

The SSN explained that the recent seismic activity in San Marcos, also near the epicenter of the Jan. 2 quake, is due to “the readjustment of the Earth’s crust after a major rupture.” Additionally, it said, “Guerrero sits at the confluence of the Cocos and North American tectonic plates, and the movements arise when the former slides under the latter, in a phenomenon known as subduction.”

Scientists have dismissed speculation that a so-called San Marcos Fault has formed, explaining that San Marcos is located very close to the Guerrero Gap, which extends approximately 150 kilometers (93 miles) from Acapulco to Papanoa-Petatlán, and is part of the Cocos-North America boundary.

Movement along the Guerrero Gap occasionally produces large earthquakes, but frequent, slow-slip events that release strain, known as silent earthquakes, are more characteristic.

With reports from El Universal, El Financiero, N+ and Infobae

Econ Minister reports progress in USCMA negotiations: Thursday’s mañanera recapped

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Economy Minister Marcelo Ebrard gestures from a press conference podium
Economy Minister Ebrard shared updates on the USMCA review and private investment in Mexico at Thursday's presser, while President Sheinbaum discussed the national development plan known as Plan Mexico and infrastructure. (Mario Jasso/Cuartoscuro.com)

Economy Minister Marcelo Ebrard attended President Claudia Sheinbaum’s Thursday morning press conference and responded to questions on a range of topics including investment in Mexico and the USMCA review.

Sheinbaum also spoke about public and private investment in Mexico within the context of Plan México, the government’s ambitious economic initiative that was launched a year ago this week.

Ebrard: US $293 billion in Mexico’s investment ‘portfolio’

After executives from chicken producer Pilgrim’s Pride announced an investment of US $1.3 billion in Mexico over the next five years, Ebrard said that the nation now has an “investment portfolio” of $293 billion.

“This $1.3 billion [from Pilgrim’s Pride] is in that portfolio, along with the $1 billion investment that General Motors announced yesterday,” he said.

“So this week we only have $2.3 billion [in investment announcements],” Ebrard said, apparently speaking tongue in cheek.

“At the national level, in the portfolio we have $293 billion,” he reiterated.

President Sheinbaum, Economy Minister Ebrard and company executives from Pilgrim's Pride stand on a press conference stage.
A planned investment of US $1.3 billion by chicken producer Pilgrim’s Pride was the latest addition to Mexico’s nearly US $300 billion “investment portfolio,” according to Economy Minister Ebrard. (Presidencia)

The economy minister was presumably referring to investment commitments from both Mexican and foreign companies as well as projects that are currently in progress. There is no guarantee that all of the announced investments will come to fruition.

Automakers Tesla and BYD are among the companies that haven’t followed through on investment plans they announced.

Ebrard: USMCA negotiations are going well  

Asked about negotiations related to the review of the USMCA free trade pact, Ebrard said he believed that good progress has been made “on all the points that concern each of the parties,” namely Mexico, the United States and Canada.

“And we also have a clear idea already of the points that will have, let’s say, the greatest focus for each country, the greatest importance, the highest priority [in the formal review]” he said.

Ebrard said that Mexico’s “first strategic objective” is to maintain the USMCA, which wouldn’t expire until 2036 even if the three parties failed to reach an agreement to renew it.

In late September, U.S. Trade Representative Jamieson Greer accused Mexico of failing to comply with the USMCA, and declared that it didn’t “make a lot of sense to talk about extending” the agreement as things stood.

“There are areas where they’re supposed to be complying with the USMCA, where they’re not. This could be energy, telecommunications services, agricultural, all kinds of things,” Greer said without going into specifics.

On Tuesday, U.S. President Donald Trump asserted that the USMCA provides “no real advantage” to the United States and is “irrelevant” to him, but Sheinbaum remains confident that the trade pact will endure.

Government to present 1-year review of Plan México soon 

Sheinbaum told reporters that her government will present an evaluation of Plan México in 2025 in around two weeks. She said that officials will also speak about the execution of the plan in 2026.

“We’ll probably do an event, either at the Museum of Anthropology or some other space, to which we’ll invite the business sector, workers and various [other] sectors of Mexican society,” Sheinbaum said.

“… The Mexican economy is doing well,” she added, even though economic growth significantly slowed last year.

An analysis by the think tank México ¿cómo vamos? of the progress made toward achieving six of the 13 Plan México goals over the past year indicated that the execution of the plan is not going as well as might have been hoped.

Sheinbaum: ‘I’m very excited because there will be more investment in infrastructure’

Later in her mañanera, Sheinbaum spoke in broad terms about new infrastructure projects that will be carried out in Mexico.

“I’m very excited because there will be more investment in infrastructure, in energy, in oil, in natural gas, in electricity,” she said.

President Sheinbaum smiles from her press conference podium
President Sheinbaum promised continued federal investment in infrastructure, with an emphasis on energy infrastructure. (Hazel Cárdenas / Presidencia)

“There will be more investment in renewable sources of energy, in highways, … in water,” said Sheinbaum, who also provided a guarantee that her government will complete all the rail projects it is currently building.

She said that the new infrastructure projects will be undertaken with public investment, with private investment and in public-private partnerships in some cases.

“There are a lot of investments that we are certain are coming to Mexico starting this year. That is the case with Pilgrim’s and other investments in the portfolio held by the Economy Ministry,” Sheinbaum said.

“… So, it’s a good year for Mexico. And Plan Mexico will continue to strengthen,” she said.

By Mexico News Daily chief staff writer Peter Davies (peter.davies@mexiconewsdaily.com)

Mexican peso hits its strongest level against the dollar in over a year

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Mexican peso bills and coins with a wallet
The peso closed at 17.65 to the dollar on Thursday, marking the lowest exchange rate since July 2024. (Shutterstock)

The Mexican peso appreciated against the US dollar for a fifth consecutive trading day on Thursday, closing at 17.65 to the greenback, according to the Bank of Mexico.

The peso is currently at its strongest level since July 12, 2024, when it closed at 17.62 to the dollar.

On Thursday, the peso appreciated 0.92% after closing at 17.81 to the dollar on Wednesday.

Over the past five trading days, the peso has gained around 1.9% against the greenback. So far in 2026, it has appreciated just over 2%. In 2025, the peso appreciated almost 16% against the dollar, defying the expectations of many economists, analysts and other observers.

On Thursday morning, Banco Base’s director of economic analysis Gabriela Siller wrote on X that the peso was appreciating due to “1) the weakness of the dollar, 2) carry trade operations (due to the interest rate differential between Mexico and the US and between Mexico and Japan), and 3) the rise in the price of silver.”

In a separate post, Siller wrote that President Sheinbaum’s remarks about the National Electoral Institute maintaining its autonomy “generated optimism about Mexico.”

When will the Mexican peso begin to behave rationally again? A perspective from our CEO

The federal government is planning a wide-ranging electoral reform that will likely be submitted to Congress next month.

The peso has appreciated this week even though U.S. President Donald Trump cast some doubt over the future of the USMCA by asserting on Tuesday that the free trade pact provides “no real advantage” to the United States and is “irrelevant” to him.

Paula Chaves, a financial markets analyst with the firm HF Markets, said that when the USMCA is “questioned” the interpretation of the market is that the risk is greater for the United States than for Mexico.

“The predominant reaction is a reduction in exposure to the dollar,” she said.

Chaves also said that the “market recognizes that the USMCA” — which will undergo a formal review process this year — is “strategic for Mexico and the United States.”

“Weakening it would imply significant costs, particularly in terms of competitiveness and productive efficiency,” she said.

With reports from El Economista