Wednesday, September 10, 2025

Sheinbaum refutes Trump on cartels; casts doubt on Tesla’s real reasons for factory pause

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Claudia Sheinbaum speaks at a press conference
Claudia Sheinbaum spoke to reporters about recent remarks by Donald Trump and Elon Musk. (Mario Jasso/Cuartoscuro)

President-elect Claudia Sheinbaum has rejected Donald Trump’s claim that Mexico is “petrified” of drug cartels.

At a press conference on Wednesday, Sheinbaum also said that it is “very unlikely” that the former United States president will impose tariffs on cars or other products made in Mexico if he returns to the White House next January.

Donald Trump in an interview
Trump said that U.S. military strikes against Mexican cartels are “absolutely” a possibility if he is elected. (Screen capture)

Trump said in an interview with Fox News that “Mexico is petrified of the cartels because they’ll take out a president in two minutes.” He also said that U.S. military strikes against Mexican cartels were “absolutely” still on the table.

Asked about the former remark, Sheinbaum said she didn’t agree with it.

“Mexico has made progress in reducing insecurity and we’re going to make more progress,” she said.

Sheinbaum said that under her leadership Mexico would continue to engage in high-level security dialogue with the United States, and that the two countries would “work together” on security issues such as drug and arms trafficking wherever they can.

“We’re going to do it, always defending [Mexico’s] sovereignty,” she said.

Sheinbaum dismisses Trump’s tariff threats 

Trump said in March that he would impose a 100% tariff on cars manufactured in Mexico by Chinese companies, and asserted last week that the duty could go as high as 200%.

As things stand, Chinese companies make very few cars in Mexico, but large automakers such as BYD and Chery have plans to open plants here. Trump has also proposed imposing a 10% tariff on all products imported into the United States.

Sheinbaum, who will be sworn in as Mexico’s first female president on Oct. 1, said she considered U.S. tariffs on products made in Mexico “very unlikely.”

AMLO reads his letter to Donald Trump at a press conference
AMLO read out loud his letter to Donald Trump at his Wednesday morning press conference. (Lopezobrador.org.mx)

She noted that President Andrés Manuel López Obrador, in a letter he sent to Trump this week, pointed out that if tariffs were imposed on vehicles and auto parts made in Mexico, consumers in the United States would face higher prices when buying a car “because the cost of production in Mexico is lower than the cost of production in the United States for a variety of reasons.”

What Trump says on the campaign trail is one thing and what he will actually do if re-elected is another, Sheinbaum said.

The president-elect said that both the Republican Party candidate and Kamala Harris, who appears almost certain to be the Democratic Party’s nominee, both know the importance of the USMCA free trade pact to North America as a region.

Claudia Sheinbaum with U.S. and Mexican officials
Sheinbaum, seen here with U.S. Ambassador Ken Salazar (far right) and security advisor Elizabeth Sherwood-Randall in June, says she is confident of the trade relationship with the U.S., regardless of the outcome of the presidential election. (Claudia Sheinbaum/X)

She said said she is “convinced” that whoever wins the presidential election in the United States, “the trade relationship between Mexico, the U.S. and Canada will continue because it benefits North America.”

“It benefits the three nations, it benefits the people of the three countries,” she said.

Sheinbaum to review Tesla’s decision to ‘pause’ Mexico plant 

Sheinabaum also responded to Tesla CEO Elon Musk’s statement on Tuesday that the electric vehicle manufacturer’s planned “gigafactory” project in Nuevo León is currently “paused” because of the possibility that Trump will impose tariffs on vehicles made in Mexico if he wins the Nov. 5 presidential election.

Tesla gigafactory rendering for Nuevo Leon, Mexico
Rendering of the planned Tesla gigafactory in Nuevo León, which the state’s governor has said would bring in over US $15 billion investment. (Tesla)

“We have to look at the issue of Tesla in Mexico. In reality, since the [gigafactory] announcement was made [in March 2023] until now there hasn’t been much progress,” she said.

“We have to look at whether the reason really is the [U.S.] election and what Trump said,” Sheinbaum said. “There could be other reasons,” she added.

López Obrador claimed Wednesday that Tesla “must have another business plan” if it is not planning to go ahead with the gigafactory project in Nuevo León.

“These companies often don’t produce but rather speculate; they make an announcement and do very well on the stock exchanges, the price of their shares goes up and production takes a back seat,” he said.

With reports from Expansión Política, Milenio and Bloomberg Línea

Mexico City’s best parks that aren’t Chapultepec

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Desierto de los leones park
Mexico City's parks are so much more than just Chapultepec. Find your new favorite urban escape on our list. (Gobierno de México)

Chapultepec Park has it all. At nearly double the size of New York’s Central Park, Chapultepec is home to nine museums, a zoo, a castle and a vibrant history dating far past Moctezuma and the Mexica. But what are Mexico City’s best parks that aren’t Chapultepec?

It’s also a major attraction to an average of 40,000 visitors a day. And sometimes you just don’t want to be around all those people. The good news is that in a city as big as Mexico City, there are alternatives that cater to everyone: meditators, hikers and Zumba experts alike. Enjoy this list of seven fantastic parks in Mexico City that aren’t Chapultepec.

Parque México

Parque México, the crowning jewel in the center of verdant Condesa. (Gobierno de la Ciudad de México)

The leafy oasis in the center of La Condesa was constructed in 1927. Its oval shape is meant to evoke memories of the former horse race track it was built on. What the park currently lacks in horses is well made up for with a sizable population of neighborly dogs, nearly-domesticated squirrels and graceful swans floating around their manmade pond.

Size: 9 hectares

Hours open: 24 hours

Activities: Walk, run, bike, exercise at the outdoor gym, play at the playground, take a Zumba class, soak up some sun, learn how to properly wield a lightsaber.

Something unique: There is a designated zen zone for meditation and reading, with speakers playing soft music and hammock-style chairs.

Parque La Mexicana 

Parque la Mexicana at night.
Think Chapultapec, but modern. (Gobierno de la Ciudad de México)

Santa Fe’s answer to Chapultepec Park is studded by high rise apartment complexes that reflect off the lakes that serve much greater a purpose than aesthetics – they trap contaminants and dust particles as well as control temperature and humidity levels. 

Size: 20 hectares, 8 currently under construction

Hours: 5:00 AM – 9:00 PM

Activities: Walking and biking paths, fountains, a skate park, sports fields, padel courts

Something unique: In addition to 17 dining establishments, there is an actual Costco onsite so you can stock up on paper towel rolls after a game of padel.

Parque Hundido

Flower clocks and Olmec heads adorn the Parque Hundido. (Gobierno de la Ciudad de México)

Parque Hundido translates to “sunken park” for a reason. The land it occupies in the Extremadura Insurgentes neighborhood of Benito Juárez was once rich in clay deposits which were extracted for a nearby brick factory, eventually forming a sinkhole. When Avenida Insurgentes was paved and the population swelled around the 1930s, the eyesore was transformed into a park for new, wealthy residents. It’s recognizable today for its giant working clock made of flowers.

Size: 100 square meters

Hours: 24 hours

Activities: Walking paths, an outdoor gym, children’s playground, an audiorama for outdoor concerts and movies

Something unique: There are 51 statue replicas carefully placed along pathways dedicated to Indigenous civilizations such as the Maya, Huastec, Zapotec and Olmec. 

Viveros de Coyoacán

Get lost in an urban forest in the heart of colonial Coyacán. (Gobierno de la Ciudad de México)

Mexican architect and environmentalist Miguel Ángel de Quevedo, also known as the Tree Apostle, dedicated a hectare of his own land for a plant nursery in 1901. By the 1930s, Viveros had become Coyoacán’s largest park. This verdant haven in the city’s south teems with towering trees and peaceful trails, as well as a healthy population of very friendly squirrels. 

Size: 39 hectares

Hours open: 6:00 a.m. – 6:30 p.m.

Activities: Walk, run, bike, jump into a yoga class or fencing demo, have a picnic

Something unique: Hidden within the park are the ruins of a small chapel.

Parque Lincoln 

Urban chic and urban oasis collide in Polanco’s Parque Lincoln. (Gobierno de la Ciudad de México)

This Polanco park is, as you may guess, named for U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, who famously opposed the invasion of Mexico between 1846 and 1848. Not a place to go jogging but certainly a place to enjoy the outdoors, Parque Lincoln is a quiet space which runs adjacent to some of Polanco’s trendiest restaurants and bars. Within its borders you can find sculptures, a botanical garden, an aviary and several ponds. There is an outdoor theater for live music concerts and festivals, notably the Polanco Jazz Festival in late November. 

Size: 12 acres

Hours open: 24 hours

Activities: Strolling, relaxing on a bench, playing on a playground, shopping at the weekly tianguis

Something unique: On Sundays you can rent small motorized boats to race. While it’s meant for children, it always seems to be the fathers having all the fun.

Parque Nacional Los Dinamos

Los dinamos allows you to hike through the wilderness, all within the confines of the city. (Gobierno de la Ciudad de México)

If you want to do some real hiking or mountain biking, this is where you want to go. Explore more than 26 km of trails that cut through waterfalls, over the Magdalena River, past old factory ruins and up towering peaks that grant you snippets of Mexico City’s expanse. There are designated sections for camping if you want to brave an overnight among foxes and rabbits.

Size: 2,429 hectares

Hours open: 6:00 a.m. – 6:30 p.m.

Activities: Hiking, biking, rock climbing, rappelling, camping

Something unique: Climb up a wobbly ladder to Puerta del Cielo for great pictures and spectacular views. 

Parque Nacional Desierto de los Leones

Desierto de los Leones is located on the westernmost edge of Mexico City and is home to nature trails and a convent, which was abandoned in the 19th century. (Sedema)

No, there are no lions. This national park in the borough of Magdalena Contreras, said to be named after the León family, is another alternative for serious hikers as well as history buffs. It’s home to miles and miles of trails that range from easy to challenging, some which lead to the beautifully-preserved Ex-Convento del Desierto de los Leones. The 17th-century Carmelite monastery features monks’ cells and a church.

Size: 1,800 hectares

Hours open: 6:00 a.m. – 5:30 p.m.

Activities: Hiking, biking, rock climbing, picnicking, horseback riding

Something unique: Find the famous secret garden set inside the walls of the ex-convent.

Bethany Platanella is a travel planner and lifestyle writer based in Mexico City. She lives for the dopamine hit that comes directly after booking a plane ticket, exploring local markets, practicing yoga and munching on fresh tortillas. Sign up to receive her Sunday Love Letters to your inbox, peruse her blog, or follow her on Instagram.

Guide to the unique world of Mexican candies

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Mexican candies
Can you name all of these types of Mexican candy? No? Sounds like you need an explainer. (Paola García/Flickr)

The history of Mexican candy can be summed up in three words: honey, honey and more honey. In ancient Mexico, the population used honey extensively to create traditional sweets. The Nahua word “necuhtli” means honey, and early Mesoamericans had several types of it, including bee honey (miahua necuhtli), maguey nectar (menecuhtli) and aguamiel (iztac necuhtli) — many of which formed the basis for the first types of Mexican candy.

Honey has been a longstanding food source that added a mild flavor to prepared corn cobs and Mesoamerican preserves. Products made of corn and honey were offered to the gods and consumed during celebratory occasions. In ancient times, the Nahua people celebrated the birth of Huitzilopochtli with idols made of roasted and ground blue corn mixed with dark maguey honey.

Pepitorias, perhaps Mexico’s most colorful snack. (directoalpaladar.com.mx)

The renowned Florentine Codex, a manuscript created post-Conquest by Spanish missionary Bernardino de Sahagún and Indigenous Nahua collaborators also mentions the creation of a dough called tzoalli made from burst huauhtli (amaranth) seeds mixed with black maguey honey. This dough was used to make images of deities that were ritually consumed by the faithful in a form of theophagy. To this day, amaranth, a highly nutritious cereal native to Mesoamerica, is mixed with honey to make sweets like alegrías and the famous skulls for the Day of the Dead. 

Sugar was introduced to Mexico by the Spanish during the 1520s, but it wasn’t until the 19th century that sugar cane became widely used across the country.

What makes Mexican candies different?

Mexican candies are notably influenced by two key ingredients of the region: chili and tamarind. Even candies meant for children in Mexico often incorporate chili. In fact, many of the top-selling candies in Mexico today would be considered spicy by foreign standards.

Tamarind, on the other hand, is a fruit known for its high content of vitamins B, C, and E, as well as fiber. Its distinctive flavor profile oscillates between spicy and sour, with a touch of sweetness. Mexican sweets often showcase these two unique ingredients.

A basic guide to traditional Mexican candies

Bolitas de tamarindo are about as traditional as Mexican candy can get. (Germán Torreblanca)

Let’s explore some traditional Mexican candies that have been enjoyed since colonial times and are still popular today, often found in traditional markets:

Alegrías: Made with toasted amaranth seeds and bound with sugar honey, this sweet is usually decorated with nuts or raisins. 

Palanquetas: A bar made of peeled and shelled peanuts combined with piloncillo syrup and other grains like walnuts, amaranth and almonds. It was originally a sweet made from roasted and ground corn, mixed with honey to celebrate Papaquilizilhuitl, the Corn Festival.

Peanut palanquetas were originally created for a religious festival. (Adrián Cerón)

Pepitorias: Folded wafers of wheat or rice flour filled with melted piloncillo and pumpkin seeds, available in various colors.

Bolitas de tamarindo: These balls of tamarind paste are dusted with sugar. Some people make them with dulce de tamarindo, a mixture of tamarind, sugar and chili.

Borrachitos: First invented in Puebla, these creamy sweets are soaked in syrup and liquor like rum or tequila.

Cocadas: A chewy candy made with grated coconut, sugar and milk, cocada is often served in a scooped-out lime.

Dulce de leche: Also known as jamoncillo, this sweet is made with milk, sugar and chopped nuts.

Candied fruits: Fruits cooked with lime (similar to how corn nixtamal is prepared). Immersed in a lemon and water solution, they’re sweetened with sugar or piloncillo syrup to preserve them.

Commercial candies

Jamoncillo, better known as “dulce de leche,” is a type of milk fudge. (Macarrones/Flickr)

The world of Mexican candies is vast, and alongside traditional and artisanally produced confectionery are mass produced sweets you can get across the country and around the world.

Mazapán De La Rosa: Mazapán, known in English as marzipan, is a sweet made with sugar and almonds or peanuts. Mexico’s version uses the latter, and De La Rosa is without a doubt the best known mazapán in the country.

Pelón Pelo Rico: A tamarind and chili flavored squeeze candy, Pelo Rico is a favorite with children for the shapes it makes when it comes out of the bottle.

Pulparindo De la Rosa: Another De La Rosa product, Pulparindo is a spicy tamarind bar coated in salt and chili.

Vero Elotes: This corn cob-shaped lollipop is caramel flavored and coated with chili powder.

Duvalin: Similar to Dunkaroos, this creamy candy is available in hazelnut, strawberry and vanilla.

Tubs of Duvalin, a sweet dipping candy. (Ricolino)

These candies showcase the diverse and flavorful world of Mexican confectionery, combining traditional ingredients with unique flavors to create delightful treats enjoyed by people of all ages.

Which others would you add?

Ana Paula de la Torre is a Mexican journalist and collaborator for various outlets including Milenio, Animal Político, Vice, Newsweek en Español, Televisa and Mexico News Daily.

Are US military strikes against Mexican cartels on the table? Trump says ‘absolutely’

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Donald Trump and J.D. Vance in an interview clip
Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump and running mate J.D. Vance discussed Mexican cartels in an interview with Fox News on Tuesday. (Fox News/screen capture)

Former United States President Donald Trump has said he could use the U.S. military against Mexican cartels if he is re-elected as president on Nov. 5.

In an interview with Fox News, the Republican Party’s presidential candidate was asked whether “strikes” against Mexican cartels — which ship large quantities of narcotics including fentanyl to the U.S — were “still on the table.”

A clip from the interview of Republican Party nominee Donald Trump and vice presidential candidate J.D. Vance with Jesse Watters.

“Absolutely,” Trump responded.

Fox News host Jesse Watters, who interviewed the 45th president of the United States and his 2024 running mate J.D. Vance, rephrased his question, asking Trump whether he was prepared to use military force against “our biggest trading partner.”

“Absolutely. Mexico’s going to have to straighten it out really fast or the answer is absolutely,” Trump said.

“They’re killing 300,000 people a year with fentanyl coming in,” he said, offering a figure that is almost triple the number of estimated drug overdose deaths in the United States in 2023.

Trump said that “Mexico is going to be given a very short period of time to police their border” and if they don’t do the job effectively, his government will take action.

“I’m sure they’re going to do not well and then you’re going to see the action start,” he said.

Trump asserted that “Mexico is petrified of the cartels because they’ll take out a president in two minutes.”

“They’re petrified of the cartels. The cartels are running Mexico,” he said.

AMLO and Trump in the White House in 2021. (Archive)

The New York Times reported in late 2023 that Trump, while president, “talked privately about shooting missiles into Mexico to take out drug labs.”

The Times also said that “Republican lawmakers have drafted a broad authorization for the use of military force against cartels” and “pushed for designating Mexican cartels as foreign terrorist organizations.”

“… If Mr. Trump returns to the White House in 2025, he has vowed to push for the designations and to deploy Special Operations troops and naval forces to, as he put it, declare war on the cartels,” The Times said in October 2023.

Rolling Stone reported in May that “if he wins a second term in November, Donald Trump wants to covertly deploy American assassination squads into Mexico soon after he’s sworn into office again, according to three people who’ve discussed the matter with the former U.S. president.”

President López Obrador has categorically rejected the idea that the United States military could be used in Mexico. In 2019, he declined an offer from Trump to help Mexico combat organized crime after an attack on members of an extended Mormon family in northern Mexico that killed three women and six children.

Vance: Mexico in danger of becoming a “narco-state”

Senator Vance, unveiled as Trump’s vice president pick last week, defended the plan for United States forces to target Mexican cartels given the damage they inflict on the U.S.

“It’s funny that people accuse us of being bombastic for saying the cartels — we need to go after them. What about American citizens who are losing their lives by the tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands, because we won’t do something serious about the cartels? That is what’s reckless,” he told Fox News.

“… I actually believe that the Mexican government, even though they couldn’t say that, want President Trump to be serious about the cartels because that poison [fentanyl] is destabilizing their country too. Fourteen billion dollars coming into the cartels, and that was a couple of years ago, it’s probably more today,” Vance said.

“They’re not going to be a real country anymore, they’re going to become a narco-state unless we get some control over this,” he asserted.

Mexico News Daily  

Chinese investment in Mexico has risen fast, but still lags behind other FDI

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Mexican and Chinese business people at Hofusan Industrial Park
There has been a lot of attention on Chinese companies increasingly investing in manufacturing in Mexico in recent years. (Hofusan Industrial Park NL/X)

Chinese investment in Mexico has increased significantly in recent years, but the East Asian nation is still a long way off matching the outlays of countries such as the United States and Spain.

Economy Ministry (SE) data shows that Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI) in Mexico totaled US $2.073 billion between 2006 and March 2024. Just over 55% of that amount was invested in the country since 2020.

Chart showing annual flow of FDI from China to Mexico from 2000
This chart shows the FDI in Mexico from China since 2000. (Data México/SE)

Chinese investment in Mexico peaked in 2022 at $569.7 million, a figure that accounts for 27% of the country’s total FDI in Mexico over the past 18 years.

The amount represented an increase of 335% compared to 2017, 845% compared to 2012, and a whopping 4,534% compared to 20 years earlier in 2002.

China was among the top 10 investors in Mexico in 2022, but its total investment was dwarfed by that of the United States, whose FDI in Mexico totaled $20.2 billion that year, according to the SE.

China was not among the top 10 investors in Mexico last year, with its FDI falling to $159 million, nor was it among the top 10 in the first quarter of 2024.

The top 10 countries of origin for foreign direct investment in Mexico in 2023 did not include China. (SE)

China’s total investment in Mexico between 2006 and the first quarter of 2024 represents just a small fraction of the FDI of countries such as the United States and Spain.

The Reforma newspaper reported Tuesday that the United States’ FDI in Mexico between 2006 and the first quarter of this year was just over $239 billion, while Spain’s outlay during the same period was just under $57.5 billion.

Why does the data matter?

There has been a lot of focus on Chinese investment in Mexico lately, with several media outlets, including the BBC and The Economist, reporting that Chinese companies are using Mexico as a “backdoor” to the United States as products made here can be exported tariff-free to the U.S.

Increasing attention is also being given to the increase in Chinese exports to Mexico, and the proliferation of Chinese-operated wholesale establishments in downtown Mexico City.

A street vendor sells Hello Kitty merchandise on the sidewalk
Local retailers in the historic center say they have been pushed out by Chinese businesses that sell cheap products to street vendors. (Cuartoscuro)

The data on Chinese investment in Mexico is important as it indicates that Chinese companies have not yet collectively established an overly significant presence in the Mexican economy, despite claims — or impressions — to the contrary. Companies from the United States, Canada, Spain, Germany and various other countries have invested much more in Mexico than Chinese firms.

Jorge Guajardo, a former Mexican ambassador to China and a close observer of Chinese investment in Mexico, said on X that the data showing much greater investment in Mexico by the U.S. and Spain than China provides “context for those who claim China is using Mexico as a manufacturing base to enter the U.S.”

Does the data reflect all Chinese FDI in Mexico?

As Mexico News Daily reported in late 2023, it appears that not all Chinese money that flows into Mexico is counted as such.

The reason, according to Enrique Dussel Peters, an economist and coordinator of the Center for Chinese-Mexican Studies (Cechimex) at the National Autonomous University, is that some Chinese investment comes into Mexico via United States subsidiaries of Chinese companies.

The FDI inflow is thus recorded as coming from the United States, when for all intents and purposes the money came from China.

According to Cechimex, Chinese investment in Mexico between 2001 and late 2022 totaled $17 billion, more than six times higher than the amount recorded by the SE between 1999 and March 2024.

China is not yet a top investor in Mexico, but it could be soon  

While China is not yet close to matching the outlay of the top investor nations in Mexico, the situation could change — if Chinese companies act on their investment announcements.

According to the SE, Chinese companies made investment announcements totaling $13.19 billion last year. China was second in the “expected investment” rankings in 2023, behind only the United States.

Two Chinese companies, LGMG and Jetour, made announcements totaling $8 billion last year, or over 60% of the total expected FDI for China. As the $13 billion has only been announced, rather than invested, it has not yet shown up in the Economy Ministry’s FDI data.

BYD car in production
According to the Chinese company’s Mexico director, the proposed BYD EV plant would generate 10,000 jobs. (BYD México)

This year, leading electric vehicle manufacturer BYD is among the Chinese companies that have committed to invest in Mexico. It has not yet announced how much it intends to invest in a plant in Mexico or where it will be located, but the outlay on a facility that is slated to create 10,000 jobs would be significant.

If LGMG, Jetour, BYD and other companies go ahead with their announced projects — which is no certainty — China could shoot up the FDI rankings for Mexico in the near future.

One potential barrier to future Chinese investment in Mexico is Mexican government opposition to it.

While Mexico is currently welcoming Chinese investment, Finance Minister Rogelio Ramírez de la O said last Saturday that the government is “considering” changing its investment policy with regard to China. Without providing specific details, he suggested that Mexico could seek to prevent or limit Chinese investment in some sectors.

With reports from Reforma 

Peso slides after Tesla setback and inflation spike

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Image of US currency bills of various denominations in a pile around a single Mexican peso coin, which hit a a 4-month high on Friday
Despite tariff uncertainty, the peso hasn't been this strong since November. (Shutterstock)

Tesla CEO Elon Musk’s statement that the company’s planned “gigafactory” project in Mexico is currently “paused” was among the factors that caused Mexico’s peso to depreciate against the U.S. dollar on Wednesday morning, according to Mexican economic analyst Gabriela Siller.

Compared to its closing position on Tuesday, the peso depreciated around 1.5% to reach 18.42 to the greenback on Wednesday morning, according to Bloomberg data.

Banco Base analyst Gaby Siller’s X post in which she cited Elon Musk’s announced decision to pause Tesla’s gigafactory construction in the state of Nuevo León as a factor in the peso’s drop in value.

The currency subsequently recovered slightly to trade at 18.37 to the dollar shortly after 5 p.m. Mexico City time.

Siller, director of economic analysis at Mexican bank Banco Base, attributed the depreciation of the peso to three factors:

  • Concern about the government’s proposed judicial reform.
  • Tesla’s announcement that it will “postpone” a decision about the planned Nuevo León gigafactory until after the Nov. 5 presidential election in the United States.
  • The publication of data on Wednesday that showed that inflation in Mexico continued to increase in the first half of July.

The judicial reform 

Siller said that the proposed judicial reform — which could be approved by Congress as soon as September — “generates fear because it could damage legal certainty” in Mexico.

Such a scenario, she added, “would considerably affect investment growth in Mexico.”

The reform, if approved, would allow Mexicans to directly elect Supreme Court justices and other judges from candidates that would be nominated by the sitting president. Critics argue that the reform would weaken rather than strengthen the judiciary.

After Morena candidate Claudia Sheinbaum and the ruling Morena party won comprehensive victories in the June 2 presidential and congressional elections, the peso depreciated sharply on concerns that the new Congress could approve the proposed judicial reform and other controversial constitutional reform proposals put forward by President Andrés Manuel López Obrador, including one that aims to disband a range of autonomous government agencies.

Claudia Sheinbaum at a meeting with legislators
Morena Party President-elect Claudia Sheinbaum’s victory on June 2 has reignited concerns that a judicial reform bill coming up for vote in September may pass easily, as the election results also gave Morena lawmakers majorities in both houses of Congress. The Morena-proposed bill would make Supreme Court justices directly elected officials nominated by the president. (Cuartoscuro)

What did Musk say about the Mexico Tesla gigafactory? 

During Tesla’s Q2 earnings call on Tuesday, Musk was asked for an “updated timeline” for its proposed US $10 billion Nuevo León gigafactory, which the company first announced in March 2023 but hasn’t started building.

“We currently are paused on Giga Mexico. I think we need to see where things stand after the [U.S. presidential] election. Trump has said he’ll put heavy tariffs on vehicles produced in Mexico,” he said.

“So it doesn’t make sense to invest a lot in Mexico if that is going to be the case. So we kind of need to see the way things play out politically,” the Tesla CEO added.

In an X post on Tuesday, Siller said that if Trump wins the U.S. election on Nov. 5, “it’s possible that Tesla will never arrive in Mexico.”

Trump has threatened to impose tariffs on vehicles made in Mexico by Chinese companies, but he hasn’t publicly announced any plan that would affect vehicles made here by Tesla, a U.S. company based in Austin, Texas.

Various observers questioned the cogency of Musk’s remarks.

A tale of two interest rates and Mexico’s peso

Mexican national statistics agency INEGI reported Wednesday that Mexico’s annual headline inflation rate increased to 5.61% in the first half of July. In better news, the annual core inflation rate, which excludes volatile food and energy prices, fell to 4.02%, continuing a downward trend that began in early 2023.

Some analysts believe that the Bank of Mexico will cut its key interest rate on Aug. 8 due to core inflation’s continuing decline. Such a move could affect the peso adversely as it would reduce the differential between the Bank of Mexico’s key interest rate (currently 11%) and that of the United States Federal Reserve (5.25%–5.5%), provided the Fed doesn’t cut its federal funds rate next week.

The peso has benefited for an extended period from the significant difference between the two interest rates.

The peso appreciated to an almost nine-year high of 16.30 to the dollar in April, but it depreciated to 18.99 to the greenback not long after the elections.

At 18.37 to the greenback, the peso is 7.4% weaker than it was just before Mexicans went to the polls on June 2.

With reports from El Financiero and Debate  

Airbus Helicopters and ITP Aero expanding operations in Querétaro

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Airbus employee in a factory hangar working on an aircraft
Airbus will add 600 new jobs in Querétaro with its expansion of its facilities in Colón, Querétaro. (Airbus)

Aerospace companies Airbus Helicopters and ITP Aero will be expanding their existing facilities in Querétaro, adding a total of 800 jobs in the state, according to announcements made by the companies. and the state government. 

The announcements were made on the three parties’ social media accounts during the Farnborough International Airshow in the United Kingdom, which began Monday and lasts until Friday.  

Officials with ITP Aero pose in a horizontal line with Queretaro Governor Mauricio Kuri in front of an artistic turbine display.
ITP Aero and Airbus officials both announced their expansion plans after signing agreements with Querétaro Governor Mauricio Kuri, center, at the Farnborough International Airshow in Hampshire, England this week. Here, Kuri poses with ITP Aero heads, including Group CEO Eva Azoulay to his left and General Director Carlos Alzola to his right. (ITP Aero)

Querétaro, a state in central Mexico, is well-known as a hub for aerospace manufacturing, as well as for factories owned by foreign automotive and electronics manufacturing companies. 

Querétaro Governor Mauricio Kuri González celebrated the news of the two companies’ expansion in his state on the social media platform X, crediting Querétaro residents’ talent. 

ITP Aero creating 200 new jobs

According to Kuri, the ITP Aero expansion of its production center in Querétaro will add 200 new jobs in the state; that’s in addition to 200 jobs created by the company in Querétaro last year. 

In a video shared on social media, Kuri noted ITP Aero’s contribution to Quéretaro’s development as an aerospace industry center: it was the first company in the field to settle in the state 26 years ago. 

“After this company arrived, all the others followed,” Kuri said, adding that the state was “very grateful” for the trust ITP had shown in Querétaro. 

Airbus Helicopters Executive Vice President of Operations Laurent Mazoue and Queretaro Minister of Sustainable Development Marco Antonio del Prete shake hands while posing for a photo and holding up an agreement between Airbus and the Queretaro government
Airbus Helicopters Executive Vice President of Operations Laurent Mazoué, left, signed its expansion agreement with Querétaro officials, saying that the state is “one of the pillars of our industrial strategy.”

General Director of ITP Aero Carlos Alzola Elizondo noted the aerospace industry’s growth and the relevance of the products the company manufactures in Querétaro. 

“Our plant is growing; aeronautics is growing and so is our presence in Querétaro,” Alzola said “We are very grateful for the support we have received to continue growing ITP’s industrial activity.” 

ITP Aero, a Spanish company, designs, develops and manufactures aeronautical industrial engines and components for commercial and defense aviation. It employs more than 5,000 people across facilities in Spain, the U.K., Mexico, the United States, Malta and India.

Querétaro, crucial for Airbus’s expansion

At the event, Querétaro and Airbus Helicopters officials also signed an agreement to expand the company’s industrial activities and new production processes at Airbus’s manufacturing plant. In a post on X’ Kuri said that this investment will amount to US $49 million and will help create 600 jobs. 

The expansion responds to the transformation of the company’s global supply chain and seeks to address the increased production of Airbus single-aisle commercial aircrafts.

The company’s Executive Vice President of Operations Laurent Mazoué said that “this expansion is further proof of Airbus Helicopters’ commitment to continue investing in Mexico’s aeronautical industry,” as Querétaro is “one of the pillars of our industrial strategy due to its competitiveness, the skills of its teams and its ability to satisfy our customers.”

The French company’s Querétaro plant produces hatches, emergency exit doors, bulk cargo doors and cargo doors for single-aisle and wide-body aircraft. It also produces subassemblies and modules for helicopters for Airbus final assembly lines and Airbus plants in Europe.

With reports from El Economista and Reforma

Mexico’s rhythmic gymnastics team to make Olympic debut

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Mexico’s rhythmic gymnastics team holding Olympic rings
Mexico’s rhythmic gymnastics team will compete in their first-ever Summer Olympics. (CONADE)

Mexico’s rhythmic gymnastics team is preparing to compete in its first-ever Summer Olympics.

In a sport dominated by Russia, Bulgaria, Spain and other European countries, the five-woman Mexico squad qualified with a silver medal at the Pan American Games last year in Santiago, Chile, earning them a ticket to Paris.

The Mexican rhythmic gymnastics team
The individual all-around competition begins on Aug. 8 at the new Porte de la Chapelle Stadium in Paris. (CONADE)

“The moment when we qualified for the [2024] Olympic Games was very spectacular,” recalled team member Adirem Tejeda from Mérida, Yucatán. “We hugged each other. We cried. The countries of Venezuela and Colombia came over and also congratulated us. It was very nice to feel the sisterhood.”

Rhythmic gymnastics has been an Olympic sport since 1984 as an individual event; the group competition was added in 1996.

Mexico’s team, under the direction of head coach Blajaith Aguilar Rojas, will make its Olympic debut when the individual all-around competition begins on Aug. 8 at the new Porte de la Chapelle Stadium in the 18th arrondissement.

In total, 94 rhythmic gymnasts will be competing — 24 individuals and 14 teams (with five athletes per team).

Mexico’s team is composed of Tejeda, 22; Dalia Alcocer, 20, also from Mérida; Sofia Flores, 19, from the state of Coahuila (city not available); Kimberly Salazar, 20, from Xalapa, Veracruz; and 16-year-old Julia Gutierrez, also from Mérida.

The Mexican athletes say their routines will honor three of the Louvre Museum’s most famous works: the Mona Lisa, the Venus de Milo and Diana of Versailles, a statue that depicts the Roman goddess of hunting and wilderness.

Mexico's rhythmic gymnastics team en route to Paris.
Mexico’s rhythmic gymnastics team en route to Paris. (Facebook)

In rhythmic gymnastics, often described as “expression through movement,” athletes perform leaps, balancing maneuvers and flips on a huge floor mat while handling an apparatus. The musical accompaniment plays a significant role.

In Paris, there will be four exercises in the individual all-around competition: hoop, ball, clubs and ribbon. There will also be two exercises in the group all-around competition, involving five hoops, three ribbons and two balls.

In qualifying for the 2024 Games, the Mexican team beat out Brazil for the silver medal at the Pan American Games in November 2023, a competition in which Mexico won a record 52 gold medals.

Much of the team’s success has been attributed to Aguilar, a native of Jalisco who started in gymnastics at age 7. One of her early mentors at a State Council for Sports Promotion (CODE) training center in Jalisco was a coach from Bulgaria, Ivanka Tchakarova.

“Thanks to her, I have a passion for rhythmic gymnastics,” Aguilar recalled. “I remember sitting with her at CODE Jalisco. She was explaining to me why a jump attempt was worth it, and why it didn’t matter if the judge deducted points” if the move wasn’t perfect.

As an athlete, Aguilar was part of the team that won the bronze medal at the 2007 Pan American Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. She has been the team’s head coach since 2016.

The opening ceremony of the 2024 Summer Games will occur on Friday, with springboard diver Alejandra Orozco and modern pentathlete Emiliano Hernández representing Mexico as flagbearers. Each country’s delegation will be sailing in boats on the Seine River.

Men’s soccer and rugby sevens started on Wednesday, July 24, and on Thursday, women’s soccer, handball and archery will get underway. Mexico’s athletes are expected to bring home at least a few medals at the 2024 games.

In Mexico, the Paris Olympics can be followed on television on Channels 5 and 9, TUDN and Claro Sports.

With reports from Reforma, Infobae and La Jornada Maya

Which type of tequila should I use in my cocktail?

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Three tequila cocktails
Do you know your types of tequila? Find out how to tell your añejo from your reposado, and what that means. (Shutterstock)

Choosing which tequila to use in a cocktail is an essential part of enjoying your drink to its fullest. But learning which ones you shouldn’t use is even more important. After all, you wouldn’t use your best malbec to prepare a Spanish sangría, right? Likewise, you’ll want to keep your best tequilas away from sodas and sparkling water.

Beyond the price of a bottle, it’s important to know which tequila will add the right flavor notes to your cocktail. Let’s say you’re preparing a margarita — should you use añejo, reposado or joven? The answer is not that simple.  

What you add to your cocktail — or don’t — depends a lot on the type of tequila you use. (Shutterstock)

To help you confidently decide which type of tequila is best for mixed drinks and which is best for sipping, we’ve created a glossary classifying the available types of tequila and an explanation of how best to use each one.

What is tequila?

Tequila is a distilled beverage made exclusively with the blue agave, Tequilana weber, which is native to Mexico’s western states. Although 90% of the world’s supply of tequila is produced in Jalisco, the blue agave also grows in Michoacán, Nayarit, Guanajuato, Colima and Aguascalientes, among other states. 

The appellation of origin system protects the Mexican tequila’s authenticity. Only spirits produced using the blue agave in 180 municipalities of Jalisco, Guanajuato, Michoacán, Nayarit and Tamaulipas, can be labeled as tequila. 

How many types of tequila are there?

Tequila is divided into two categories based on the sugars the spirit contains. The first one is simply tequila, which comprises 51% blue agave and 49% other sugars. The other type is tequila 100% agave, which, as the name suggests, is made entirely from blue agave.

The blue agave cactus is the most important ingredient in tequila. (Stephan Hinni/Unsplash)

Based on the amount of time the spirit spends maturing in barrels, tequila is divided into five types: blanco, joven, reposado, añejo and extra añejo. 

Let’s take a look at each one. 

Blanco

Also known as plata or silver,  blanco is the typical choice for preparing a margarita or paloma. It has a soft herbal aroma that includes notes of citrus, agave, fresh fruit and flowers. 

Tequila blanco is not aged and spends no time in contact with oak, which is why it stays crystalline and colorless. For this reason, many tequila enthusiasts consider it the purest expression of an agave spirit. A good bottle of blanco can be prized for sipping, so don’t relegate it to cocktails alone. 

Tequila blanco is often the cocktail tequila of choice, although some can be excellent for sipping. (Shutterstock)

Joven

Joven, which means “young,” is a somewhat rare style of tequila that blends tequila blanco and one or more aged tequilas. The time it spends aging varies, as it is a result of blends.

Taste wise, this type of tequila is a bridge between the herbal notes of tequila blanco and the delicate touches of oak and other additions of the tequila reposado. It is a good base for margaritas, palomas and martinis. 

Tequila joven can feature additives allowed by the Tequila Regulatory Council (CRT), the organization that oversees tequila’s appellation of origin and represents producers. Some of these include caramel color, wood or oak extract, glycerin and sugar-based syrup. It is also known as oro, or gold. 

Reposado

Reposado translates as “rested.” After distillation, it spends at least four months — and up to two years — in an American white oak barrel that infuses the spirit with its distinctive light straw color and golden reflections. It has ripe fruit aromas combined with wood and spices.

A refreshing board of tequila reposado, served in traditional caballitos. (Shutterstock)

We Mexicans don’t blend a tequila reposado into a cocktail. The best recommendation is to drink it derecho, meaning without blending and at room temperature. To make it more refreshing, you can add ice. 

Another popular and classic way to drink a reposado is sipping it in the form of a banderita,  which replicates the colors of the Mexican flag. The drink consists of three different shot glasses called caballitos filled with lime juice, tequila and a spicy tomato-based drink called sangrita.

Añejo

Añejo means “old,” a name that references the years this tequila spends in an oak barrel after distillation — at least one, and up to three. This resting period gives añejo its characteristic amber and coppery brightness. It has dried fruit aromas blended with intense notes of wood, chocolate, honey, vanilla, olive or spices.

Due to its profound flavors, tequila añejo is best enjoyed through slow sipping, at room temperature or with ice. It is typically served in brandy or whiskey glasses. However, it can be a good substitute to whiskey in some cocktails, like the añejo old fashioned

Tequila generally ages in oak barrels, giving it a distinctive dark color. (Shutterstock)

Extra Añejo

This is a relatively new style of tequila introduced to the market in 1995 by Jalisco’s Beckmann family, owners of tequila José Cuervo. Aged for at least 40 months, it has notes of honey with hints of cocoa, vanilla, nuts or candied orange.

While most distillers use a variety of wood barrels to age extra añejo tequila, the most popular ones are made of American and French oak.

Tequila extra añejo is a good substitute for bourbon or whiskey in cocktails. However, it is best enjoyed derecho: at room temperature or on the rocks in a cognac glass. 

Salud!

Gabriela Solis is a Mexican lawyer turned full-time writer. She was born and raised in Guadalajara and covers business, culture, lifestyle and travel for Mexico News Daily. You can follow her lifestyle blog Dunas y Palmeras.

Explosion at José Cuervo distillery kills 6 workers

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The La Rojeña distillery caught fire on Tuesday after a tank exploded.
The La Rojeña distillery caught fire on Tuesday after a tank exploded. (Facebook)

An explosion at a José Cuervo tequila distillery in Jalisco on Tuesday sparked a fire and killed six people, authorities said.

The Jalisco government said Tuesday that the deaths of five workers at the distillery in the municipality of Tequila had been confirmed, while state Civil Protection authorities reported Wednesday that a sixth body had been found.

Authorities said they do not know the cause of the two fires that broke out at the José Cuervo distillery.
Authorities said they do not know the cause of the two fires that broke out at the José Cuervo distillery. (Facebook)

“This morning while cooling operations and the removal of debris continued … a deceased person was found in a retention pit,” the Jalisco State Civil Protection and Firefighters Unit said on X.

It noted that the death toll from the incident had risen to six. Two other workers were injured, one seriously.

Casa Cuervo, which produces José Cuervo and other tequila and liquor brands, said in a statement that an accident that triggered a fire occurred at its La Rojeña factory at around 4:30 p.m. on Tuesday. The fire was controlled and extinguished “efficiently” and the distillery was evacuated, the company said.

Casa Cuervo said it was cooperating with authorities to investigate the causes of the accident.

Citing first reports, the Jalisco government said that “the incident involved the explosion” of a tank, which sparked a fire in three additional tanks, each of which can hold 219,000 liters of “raw material.”

The government added that the cause of the explosion was unknown. Security camera footage showed the moment the explosion occurred. What appears to be a large tank or still is seen blasting out of the building. Photos showed it lying crumpled on the ground.

The explosion occurred on the grounds of José Cuervo's La Rojeña factory in downtown Tequila, Jalisco.
The explosion occurred on the grounds of José Cuervo’s La Rojeña factory in downtown Tequila, Jalisco. (José Cuervo)

Located around 65 kilometers northwest of Guadalajara, the “magical town” of Tequila is recognized as the birthplace of tequila, Mexico’s most famous spirit.

The “Agave Landscape and Ancient Industrial Facilities of Tequila” are together a UNESCO World Heritage site.

A “José Cuervo Express” train runs from Guadalajara to Tequila, where tourists can visit the La Rojeña factory — the world’s oldest tequila distillery — and other distilleries.

A second fire breaks out on Wednesday 

The Jalisco government said that another fire occurred on Wednesday morning at the José Cuervo distillery in an area where cardboard and “other supplies” are stored.

The blaze – whose cause was also unclear – began as cooling operations and the removal of debris continued, the government said, adding that that the fire “reached a 200-liter barrel that contained residues of raw material.”

Firefighters and company personnel responded quickly and controlled the blaze without it posing “a major risk in the area,” the government said.

Mexico News Daily