Monday, May 5, 2025

Mexico in Numbers: The year in data

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The Mexico in Numbers series explores the culture, politics, economy and diversity of Mexico through data. (MND)

In late 2022, Mexico News Daily began publishing regular data-driven articles that we believe provide our readers with interesting insights into a range of different topics, from the production of cempasúchil flowers to the size of Mexico City, to the construction of the Maya Train.

The graphs, maps and other visuals featured in our “Mexico in Numbers” articles are an integral part of our data journalism, and we hope they enhanced your understanding of the topics we’ve covered.

As 2023 draws to a close, it’s an opportune time to look back at the articles in this ongoing series, most of which were published this year. They are presented below in chronological order.

The cempásuchil, or marigold

In the lead-up to Day of the Dead in 2022, we published our first “Mexico in Numbers” article on cempasúchil flowers, an essential part of the annual commemoration of the departed.

Find out how many cempasúchil species are native to Mexico, how many flowers are grown here annually and which state is the nation’s biggest producer of the vividly orange blossom.

Mexico in Numbers: The season of cempasúchil

Mexico’s most popular archaeological sites and museums 

In November 2022, we looked at data from the National Institute of Anthropology and History on the number of visitors to archaeological sites and museums in the first nine months of last year.

In the former category, Monte Albán and Palenque ranked fourth and fifth, respectively. Can you guess the top three?

Mexico in Numbers: Top 5 most-visited archaeological sites and museums in 2022

Natural heritage, World Cup results and the Mexican megalopolis   

In late 2022, we also delved into data on Mexico’s natural protected areas; El Tri’s history at the men’s FIFA World Cup; and the enormity of Mexico City.

Mexico in Numbers: Protecting Mexico’s rich natural heritage

Mexico in Numbers: Another brush with World Cup glory

Mexico in Numbers: Just how big is Mexico City?

Felipe Ángeles International Airport (AIFA) 

In our first “Mexico in Numbers” article of 2023, we examined the most important figures pertaining to the new army-built airport located just north of Mexico City in México state.

How big is AIFA? How long did it take to build? How much did it cost? Find the answers to those questions and others in this article.

Mexico in Numbers: Felipe Ángeles International Airport

Skyscrapers and mangos 

Get the lowdown on Mexico’s tallest buildings and mango-producing power in these two articles we published in early 2023.

Mexico in Numbers: the nation’s tallest skyscrapers

Mexico in Numbers: Mangos

Terawatts, gigawatts and megawatts

Ever wondered how much energy Mexico uses or how reliant the country is on fossil fuels? This is the article you’re looking for.

Mexico in Numbers: the nation’s energy footprint

Visionary development, or destructive white elephant?

We turned our attention to another of the government’s large infrastructure projects for this “Mexico in Numbers” article last April.

The length of the Maya Train railroad compared to other railways around the world, the cost of construction and the archaeological, environmental and social impact of the project are all explored here.

Mexico in Numbers: The Maya Train

Tourism, baby names and construction workers 

In this trio of data-driven articles, we focused on the Mexican tourism industry; the names parents are giving to their newborn babies; and the nation’s construction workers, or albañiles.

Mexico in Numbers: The recovery and rise of tourism

Mexico in Numbers: Most (and least) popular baby names

Mexico in Numbers: the nation’s builders, los albañiles

The domestic market for electric vehicles (EVs)

With automakers such as BMW and Tesla recently announcing plans to make electric vehicles in Mexico, there was a lot of focus on the country’s burgeoning EV manufacturing sector this year.

For this article, we slightly shifted focus and primarily looked at electric sales in Mexico and the barriers to greater EV adoption.

Mexico in Numbers: Electric vehicles

Morena, the PAN, the PRI, the PRD, the PT, the PVEM and MC

With the 2024 elections fast approaching, we decided to do a deep dive into data on Mexico’s political parties to see which have the most members, how many governorships they hold and how well they are represented in federal Congress.

Mexico in Numbers: Political parties

Day of the Dead and drought 

For Day of the Dead this year, we reported on the number of people that observe the annual holiday, how they celebrate it, and the impact of the celebration on the Mexican economy.

Later in November, we looked at how prevalent drought has been in Mexico this year, and how the current drought compares to previous ones.

Mexico in Numbers: Day of the Dead

Mexico in Numbers: Drought

Trade and investment growth 

In the lead-up to the 30th anniversary of the commencement of the now-defunct North American Free Trade Agreement, or NAFTA, we pored over data to see how Mexico’s export revenue and foreign direct investment inflows have changed over the past few decades.

The growth, as you’ll see in this article, has been quite remarkable.

Mexico in Numbers: 30 years of trade and investment growth

How many people in Mexico are actually religious?

For our final “Mexico in Numbers” article of 2023, we looked at census data to find out how many Mexicans identify as religious, and how dominant Catholicism is in the country.

In addition, we discovered which states have the largest Protestant populations and which have the highest percentages of non-religious people.

Mexico in Numbers: Religion

We hope you found something of interest here, and look forward to publishing more data journalism in 2024.

Mexico News Daily  

López Obrador inaugurates ‘mega pharmacy’ to address medication shortages

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A huge warehouse with half-filled shelves and several workers in the foreground
The centralized "mega pharmacy" officially opened on Friday. (Lopezobrador.org.mx)

President Andrés Manuel López Obrador on Friday inaugurated the federal government’s new “Well-Being Mega Pharmacy,” a facility he described as “possibly the largest pharmacy in the world.”

The opening of the Megafarmacia del Bienestar — a warehouse from which medications will be supplied to public hospitals and clinics — comes about five months after López Obrador first proposed the creation of a “kind of pharmacy, … a warehouse with all the medicines of the world in reasonable quantities” as a “definitive way out” of the medication shortages that have plagued his government.

Parents of children with cancer protested at the Mexico City airport on Tuesday.
Parents protest at Mexico City’s airport over a lack of chemotherapy medicines available for their children with cancer in a photo from 2021. (File foto/Cuartoscuro)

There have been numerous protests against medication shortages in recent years, the most frequent of which have been demonstrations by parents of children with cancer. Shortages have eased somewhat compared to earlier in the government’s term, but many patients still encounter problems accessing the medications they need.

On Friday, López Obrador said that the establishment of the mega pharmacy will allow “everyone to have the medicines they need” wherever they are in the country and no matter whether they are rich or poor.

All the medications that will be distributed from the new facility will be free for patients, he said.

“This is what makes us different from our adversaries, and hopefully they’ll understand. Health care isn’t a privilege, it’s a right,” López Obrador added.

A large building entrance with a sign reading "Megafarmacia del Bienestar"
The medication distribution hub is near Felipe Ángeles International Airport (AIFA). (Lopezobrador.org.mx)

Where is the mega pharmacy?

The facility is in Huehuetoca, a México state municipality about 60 kilometers north of central Mexico City.

López Obrador said last month that the warehouse’s proximity to the Felipe Ángeles International Airport (AIFA) will allow medications to be promptly transported to different parts of the country. Huehuetoca borders Zumpango, the municipality where AIFA is located.

How big is it?

López Obrador said at his Friday morning press conference that the facility — formerly a warehouse owned by department store Liverpool — covers an area of 90,000 square meters, but the government subsequently clarified that it’s slightly bigger than that at 94,546 square meters.

The area is equivalent to about six or seven “Zócalos,” López Obrador said referring to the Mexico City central square.

Saying the mega phamarcy is twice as big as the Zócalo would be more accurate given that the central square spans an area of 46,800 square meters.

flask of medicine
Shortages of key drugs have been a serious issue in recent years. (Gobierno de la Ciudad de Mexico/Cuartoscuro)

“It’s possibly the largest pharmacy in the world,” López Obrador said before challenging reporters to find out whether that was indeed the case.

“… The pharmacy is big, big, big, and it will have all the medications that are distributed in our country’s health sector,” he said.

Who will operate it?

The facility — which the government bought for around 1.4 billion pesos (US $82.5 million) — will be run by state-owned medical company Birmex, while the military will assist with the logistics of moving medications around the country.

Birmex director Jens Pedro Lohmann Itutburu said that the mega pharmacy will have the capacity to store 286 million “pieces” of medication.

He said that the facility will seek to resolve requests for medication made by hospitals and clinics affiliated with the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), the State Workers Social Security Institute and the universal IMSS-Bienestar health care programs within three hours.

AMLO greets office workers who sit at computers
López Obrador greets mega pharmacy staff at the medication distribution center’s opening. (Lopezobrador.org.mx)

Individual patients and doctors will also be able to submit requests for medications.

How long will it take to get medications to public hospitals? 

According to the government, public hospitals or clinics that request a certain medication or medications will receive their delivery within 48 hours.

Air Force planes and military vehicles will be used to transport medications.

López Obrador has stressed that medications will even reach hospitals in remote, rural areas of the country in no more than 48 hours.

Will the mega pharmacy actually solve Mexico’s medicine shortage problem?  

The government certainly thinks so, but experts have some concerns.

Mauricio Rodríguez, a professor in the School of Medicine at the National Autonomous University (UNAM), questioned whether the government will have the capacity to purchase and distribute thousands of medications on a national scale from one central location.

He told the Associated Press that the government is opening the mega pharmacy without providing sufficient detail about how the system will operate, especially for urgently-needed medications.

Rodríguez also said that having such a large stockpile of drugs at one site is risky, and could sideline existing distribution systems.

Dr. José Moya, the World Health Organization’s Mexico representative, said that a centralized medicine warehouse could be a solution to the shortages problem, but stressed the importance of a good logistical system to support it.

“If they are considering a warehouse like this, it’s because there is a need, and this has to be very well organized,” he said.

With reports from Milenio, Reforma and AP

Spanish tips for Mexican New Year’s celebrations

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New Year's is the perfect moment to reflect on what we've learned throughout the year. (Canva)

Can you believe it’s that time of the year already? Time flies! It feels like just yesterday we were bidding farewell to 2022, gathering with friends for dinner, counting down and watching the fireworks together. New Year’s is the perfect moment to reflect on what we’ve learned throughout the year. What better way to end the year than by exploring some Mexican traditions around New Year’s Eve and picking up a bit of Spanish along the way?

Wardrobe choices for abundance and love

We kick off this day’s excitement by shopping in search of red or yellow underwear. This tradition has been passed down through generations in Mexican families. According to beliefs, wearing red underwear on New Year’s Eve is an effective way to attract love into your life for the coming year, while yellow is worn to ensure financial stability and invite abundance. Some people even wear both, one on top of the other. Oh, and one more thing! This only works if someone gives them to you as a gift, so you know what to do if you want to ensure your love and money for 2024.

12 grapes, 12 resolutions

Another essential for a Mexican New Year is having a glass filled with 12 grapes. During dinner, there comes a moment when you have to think of 12 resolutions for the coming year. Each grape represents one of these wishes, and by eating them individually, you commit to fulfilling those resolutions.

Some popular resolutions are:

  • Exercise all year round / Hacer ejercicio todo el año.
  • Invest my money / Invertir mi dinero.
  • Speak more Spanish / Hablar más español. 
  • Follow Mexico News Daily / Seguir a Mexico News Daily. 

Sweeping away the old, welcoming the new

Now, sweeping your house with an open door to remove dirt and make space for the new is another tradition my mom has always followed at home. It’s a way of wishing for good and fun experiences in the upcoming year, something like the U.S. way of saying out with the old, in with the new, but put into practice.

Symbolic seeds for prosperity

Another good one is either cooking lentils and giving them to your friends for good luck or arranging a tray with a variety of seeds, such as rice symbolizing prosperity, abundance, unity, and love; wheat representing essential food in a household; lentils for good luck; and sunflower seeds to ensure a year full of work.

A year full of travel 

However, my favorite tradition has always been walking outside my house with my luggage, wishing for a year of travel and adventure. I’ve been doing this since I was a kid, and it’s one of the most enjoyable traditions to adopt. We basically hit the streets and walk around the block with empty suitcases. Trust me, it’s always a blast. 

I wish you a happy new year full of unique and fun traditions to adopt. Let us know in the comments which of these you liked the most. 

¡Feliz Año Nuevo! 

Paulina Gerez is a translator-interpreter, content creator, and founder of Crack The Code, a series of online courses focused on languages. Through her social media, she helps people see learning a language from another perspective through her fun experiences. Instagram: paulinagerezm / Tiktok: paugerez3 / YT: paulina gerez 

Armed attack at birthday party leaves 6 dead, 26 injured in Sonora

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Four attackers opened fire at a teenager's birthday party early Friday morning in Cajeme, Sonora. (X)

An armed attack at a fifteenth birthday party or quinceañera in Sonora has left six people dead, including two minors, and at least 26 people injured.

The massacre took place at around 2 a.m. on Friday, at a house in the Cajeme municipality of southern Sonora, according to a statement by the Sonora Attorney General’s Office. A Chevrolet pickup truck pulled up outside the party, from which three gunmen got out and opened fire, joined by a fourth person who was already at the site. All four attackers then fled.

According to the state Prosecutor’s Office, the massacre was an attack against a member of a criminal group, who had active arrest warrants for several crimes. (@fgjesonora/X)

Three men and three women were killed. Unofficial reports indicate that two of the dead were 14-year-old girls. The state authorities counted 26 people injured, most of whom are in stable condition, except for four with an unknown prognosis.

According to law enforcement, intelligence suggests that the massacre “was an attack against a member of a criminal group, who had arrest warrants for attempted femicide, aggravated homicide, abduction and criminal association.” This man was among the six dead.

Unconfirmed media reports state that this alleged criminal was known by the alias “El Wacho” or “El Soldado,” and may have been a methamphetamine dealer.

Witness testimonies cited by local media claim that a fight had broken out at a family celebration for a girl’s fifteenth birthday, at which both children and adults were present. Shortly after the men involved were asked to leave, the armed commando pulled up and opened fire on the party attendees.

Police and Red Cross ambulances later arrived at the scene, transporting the dead to the Forensic Medical Service in Ciudad Obregón, and the injured to the nearby IMSS-Bienestar hospital. The Ministerial Agency for Criminal Investigation (AMIC) has begun inquiries to locate the attackers.

“The State Security Board is in permanent session, exchanging information and intelligence, and a search bloc has been formed,” the Attorney General’s Office assured. “Those responsible for this criminal act will be identified, captured and brought to justice.”

Several opposition politicians lashed out at President López Obrador following the massacre, pointing out that Cajeme is one of the municipalities the president visits frequently, and is one of the most violent municipalities in Mexico.

“Not only did [the president] go back on his promise of peace, but violence has increased and he continues to bow down before criminals,” Senator Lilly Téllez, of the opposition National Action Party (PAN) wrote on social media platform X.

Figures from the Sonora Public Security Committee confirm that Cajeme is the fifth most violent municipality in Mexico, recording 96 homicides during the third quarter of 2023. However, its homicide rate has declined to 19.8 per 100,000 inhabitants, from a peak of 36.7 per 100,000 in the fourth quarter of 2021.

With reports from La Jornada and Infobae

Got 1 min? Cancún airport to get US $1.4B in upgrades over 5 years

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Airport gate signs hang above a crowded hallway
The Cancún airport has been pushing against its capacity limits, spurring airport managers to find ways to increase capacity. (KB Digital/Shutterstock)

Aeropuertos del Sureste (ASUR) has announced plans to invest US $1.6 billion in nine air terminals in Mexico, with the Cancún International Airport receiving 75% of the total amount.

That means US $1.4 billion will be allocated to the Cancún airport, the main entry point for international tourists to Mexico, according to the newspaper El Economista.

Last year, the airport exceeded 30 million passengers for the first time, and by year-end, it is expected to receive 32 million passengers.

This investment plan will span from 2024 to 2028.

The initial investment in 2024 will be US $154 million. This amount will increase to $265 million in 2025 and then to $324 million in 2026, the highest scheduled investment. In 2027, it will reduce to $227 million, and in the last year of the investment period, which is 2028, it will be $295 million.

Last December, as ASUR celebrated the 30.3-million-passenger record, executives acknowledged that the airport had reached its capacity limit. So to accommodate more passengers this year, the airport reopened Terminal 1, which had been closed for years.

Tulum international airpot
As the new Tulum airport begins offering international flights in 2024, it will take further pressure off the nearby Cancún airport. (Mara Lezama/X)

According to Manuel Gutiérrez Sola, the commercial director of ASUR, Terminal 1 was affected by Hurricane Wilma in 2005.

ASUR’s work plan has yet to be released. However, it has been reported that there are plans to renovate Terminal 1 next year and to expand Terminal 4. Additionally, the route between the Cancún airport terminal of the Maya Train will need to be completed.

On that matter, President López Obrador has said that the Tulum airport will be of “great help to the Cancún airport” as the latter is “already very saturated.”

The Tulum airport started operations on Dec. 1 offering 5 daily domestic flights. It will inaugurate international flight service in March 2024.

With reports from El Economista

Crocodile warning issued for Ixtapa-Zihuatanejo

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A crocodile sits in shallow water on a beach
In the most recent sighting, a crocodile lounged and waded in the surf of a beach near Ixtapa. (Screenshot)

Videos of a crocodile wading in the surf and swimming near a beach in Ixtapa, Guerrero, went viral this week, prompting local officials to issue a crocodile warning.

The videos were taken Wednesday at El Palmar Beach in Ixtapa’s main hotel zone, about 3 kilometers away from where an animal attack just off the shore killed one person and severely injured another two weeks earlier.

Authorities in the resort area of Ixtapa-Zihuatanejo responded to the videos by warning about the presence of crocodiles, who live in the area’s mangrove swamps and lagoons.

Moreover, there is a small wildlife/crocodile reserve located near Quieta Beach, where a Belgian tourist staying at the adjacent Club Med Ixtapa Pacific resort was killed Dec. 13.

The type of animal that killed him has yet to be specified by local officials, but it was definitely a shark, according to the husband of the woman who was severely injured in another attack moments later.

In a detailed email sent to Mexico News Daily that included grisly photos of his wife’s injuries, Mark Maerowitz of California said he wanted to “put an end to what seems to be an effort to obscure the truth in favor of preserving revenue.”

A beach with police and a body bag, cordoned off
A Belgian tourist died earlier this month after a shark attack severed his femoral artery, according to a surviving victim of the same attack. (@RTG_Noticias/X)

He wrote that his wife, a nurse practitioner at the Veterans Administration in Los Angeles, “absolutely saw the tell-tale shark fin, and estimated the shark’s size to be at least two meters.”

The shark’s “razor-sharp teeth” cut through his “wife’s skin like a scalpel, and you can see the radius of the bite,” he added, noting that “this information was given to multiple emergency personnel.”

Still, the warning this week was for crocodiles, which are often seen in this area of Guerrero. The specimen Wednesday was reported to be 3 meters in length.

The municipality’s Ecology Department issued a six-point list of “General Recommendations for Crocodile Sightings.” One of them is to maintain a body-length distance from the crocodile, both on the shore and in the water.

“Do not approach or stay close if you notice the presence of a crocodile,” the warning states. “If you see one while in the water, stand up, move calmly toward deeper water and leave the area.”

It also warns to avoid “risky hours” at night or very early morning, do not sleep or nap on beaches in crocodile areas and mind your pets.

After the Belgian man, 76-year-old Joseph Bynens, was bitten — “which severed the femoral artery” in one of his legs, “and by the time they dragged him to shore, he had already died,” Maerowitz wrote — Quieta Beach in Ixtapa’s secondary hotel zone was closed for a few days but then reopened for the holiday period.

After that attack, Zihuatanejo Mayor Jorge Sánchez Allec said an analysis would be conducted to determine if it was a shark or crocodile, but to date no results have been provided.

With reports from El Universal and EFE

Where to find cenotes for non-swimmers in Mérida

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You can find several accessible cenotes very close to Merida. (TripAdvisor)

The crystalline waters of Mexico’s prehistoric sinkholes can be daunting, especially for non-swimmers, but some sites are accessible to visitors of all kinds. These beautiful natural freshwater pools, formed by collapsed caves, attract thousands of visitors to the Yucatán Peninsula, each searching for their piece of paradise. An experience that will stay with you forever, the journey through the gateway to the ancient Maya underworld, known as Xibalba, is not to be missed.

While all seems picture perfect, there are some who may take cenotes off their Mexico wish list over safety and accessibility concerns. However, there are a number of alternative ways to enjoy these wonders of nature that are inclusive and safe to swim or snorkel. With that in mind, here is a list of three cenotes close to Mérida, Yucatán, that should satisfy all visitors to the peninsula.

El Corchito

Within a spectacular lagoon surrounded by mangrove forests, El Corchito Nature Reserve in Progreso consists of three open-air cenotes shallow enough to stand in. There is also plenty of wildlife around for nature lovers, from exotic birds to friendly resident coatis (members of the raccoon family), who will greet you on arrival. You will even find a small pool where you can dip your toes and get a free pedicure from tiny fish. The water is rich in minerals, giving it a silky texture that feels amazing against your skin. It is a perfect place to relax for hours idling in serenity.

A five-minute boat ride from an onshore jetty takes you through manmade canals and onto flat wooden walkways created by local fishermen. In 2019, the Mexican Government upgraded El Corchito, providing proper accessibility for visitors of all kinds. Now, it serves as a starting point for children, the elderly and others who want to experience cenotes but remain uncertain about the options available.  

How to get there from Mérida: Taxis and buses run from Mérida City Center to Progreso (22 miles ). El Corchito is a few miles from the drop-off, where taxis are available.

Cost: 90 pesos

Hacienda San Nicolás Dzoyaxché

If you’re looking to combine history, cenotes and family fun, then this former colonial estate is just the place. Apart from several attractions, including a kids area, rustic camping and a restaurant, the swimming pools are filled with water drawn from a cenote below. The children’s pool is shallow, while the adult pool has two levels, one of which is waist-deep. The relatively small cenote is open to visitors and has a mysterious cavernous feel with its overhanging stalactite walls.

Hacienda San Nicolás was once a hefty contributor to the old henequen fiber industry that dominated the peninsula and filled Spanish coffers. It is one of seven former estates within the Cuxtal Nature Reserve and still maintains much of the heavy machinery used in production. It has now been converted into a museum and leisure center for the community of Dzoyaxché.

How to get there from Mérida: Taxis and buses run from Mérida City Center to Dzoyaxché (15 ½ miles).

Cost: 20 pesos

Cenote Aketzali 

Have you ever wondered what having a cenote in your backyard would be like? Well, one family from the village of Tixcocob has exactly that, and they are happy to open it up for visitors. This small, semi-open cenote with translucent water looks more like a romantic grotto than an intimidating bottomless cave. A stone platform extending halfway across Aketzali allows you to paddle safely in a knee-deep environment, while a stone table and chairs give it a unique picnic option. For those who may find it difficult to navigate down the stairwell, a pool is also filled with water from the cenote.

The welcome gets even better because Aketzali includes local Yucatecan cuisine at a reasonable price. A pleasant shaded area beside the pool provides another option to relax in a natural environment away from the hustle and bustle of the city.

How to get there from Mérida: Taxis and buses run from Mérida City Center to Tixcocob (15 miles )

Cost: 60 pesos

Mark Viales writes for Mexico News Daily.

Government takes over private hydrogen plant in Tula, Hidalgo

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Tula refinery in Hidalgo
The hydrogen plant is part of a Pemex refinery that was sold to a French company in 2017. (Cuartoscuro)

President Andrés Manuel López Obrador issued a decree on Friday that orders the “immediate temporary occupation” by Pemex of a privately-owned hydrogen plant in Hidalgo.

Pemex, Mexico’s state oil company, sold a hydrogen plant within its Tula, Hidalgo, refinery complex to French company Air Liquide for US $52.7 million in 2017.

Air Liquide plant in Mexico
French company Air Liquide has various facilities around Mexico and a presence globally in 73 countries. (Air Liquide Mexico)

On Friday, López Obrador published a decree in the government’s official gazette that declared the supply of hydrogen from the plant a matter of “public interest.”

The decree ordered the immediate takeover of the plant by Pemex Transformación Industrial (TRI), the state oil company’s refining arm. It didn’t say how long the occupation would last.

Several Mexican media outlets have reported the takeover as an expropriation. The decree cites Mexico’s Expropriation Law, which stipulates the conditions under which a “temporary occupation” can occur.

The decree notes that “all refineries need hydrogen for the production of gasoline and diesel,” adding that “to achieve the federal government’s objective of reaching energy sovereignty … through self-sufficiency in the production of petroleum, it’s necessary to have autonomy in hydrogen supply at the Miguel Hidalgo Refinery in Tula, Hidalgo.”

AMLO visits the Tula refinery
President López Obrador, seen here in May with Energy Minister Nahle and Pemex director Octavio Romero (both on the left) during a visit to the Tula refinery, is a staunch energy nationalist. (Cuartsoscuro)

The current “dependency on a third party” for hydrogen at the Tula refinery places the production of gasoline and diesel at risk, the decree says.

It also says that the “temporary occupation for a reason of public interest … complies with the requirements of the law” given that “it responds to economic and social needs for the benefit of the population.”

TRI must compensate Air Liquide in accordance with an appraisal made by the Institute of Administration and Appraisal of National Assets, according to the decree.

In accordance with the Expropriation Law, the French company has the option to initiate legal action within 10 business days for “the sole objective of disputing the compensation amount,” the decree says.

In 2021, Pemex CEO Octavio Romero said that López Obrador had ordered negotiations to buy back hydrogen plants within the state oil company’s refinery complexes in Tula and Ciudad Madero, Tamaulipas.

The plants were privatized during the 2012-18 presidency of Enrique Peña Nieto, whose government opened up Mexico’s energy sector to foreign and private companies.

López Obrador, a staunch energy nationalist, has long criticized the previous government’s energy reform, and implemented policies to favor Pemex and the state-owned Federal Electricity Commission.

Mexico is currently engaged in a long-running dispute with the United States and Canada over its energy policies.

The U.S. and Canadian governments claim that American and Canadian energy companies that operate in Mexico are being treated unfairly by the Mexican government in violation of the USMCA trade pact.

During López Obrador’s presidency, the government has shut down privately-owned fuel terminals, and in March the navy temporarily took control of a United States-owned marine terminal in Quintana Roo, a move U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken said could have a “chilling effect” on future U.S. investment in Mexico

With reports from Reforma 

What’s on Mexico’s cultural calendar for 2024?

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Guelaguetza in July is one of the year's most festive events. (Carolina Jiménez Mariscal/Cuartoscuro)

It’s time to mark your calendar for 2024. From art fairs to carnivals and everything in between, Mexico has plenty of events to keep you busy!

Zona Maco

From Feb. 7 to 11, Mexico City will host the 20th edition of Zona Maco, Latin America’s largest art fair and one of the most important in the world. 

At Polanco’s Centro Citibanamex, Zona Maco will showcase 200 galleries featuring artists from 25 countries. (Zona Maco)

At Polanco’s Centro Citibanamex, the exposition will showcase 200 galleries featuring artists from 25 countries, including Germany, Austria, Japan, Latvia, Peru, Colombia, and more. The exhibitions will range from contemporary art to design and photography.

Carnaval de Mazatlán  

From Feb. 8 to 12, the Pacific beach city of Mazatlán, Sinaloa, will host its annual carnival, featuring cultural activities such as poetry contests, literature prizes and art exhibitions as well as musical performances and parades. 

The main events take place at the Paseo de Olas Altas and the Claussen, right by the sea, and include floats, games and the coronation of carnival kings and queens. 

Last year saw performances by Mexican groups like Jesse y Joy, Eden Muñoz and Banda MS. Performers for 2024 will be announced in January. 

Feria Nacional de San Marcos

The San Marcos National Fair will take place in Aguascalientes from April 13 to May 5. The fair will feature various cultural and artistic events, including musical performances, charrería, bullfights and other traditional elements of Mexican culture. 

This year featured renowned international artists such as Rod Stewart, Ricky Martin, and Maluma, as well as home-grown superstars like Danna Paola, Los Tigres del Norte, Christian Nodal and Alejandro Fernández, among others. This year’s lineup has yet to be unveiled.

The Carnival of Veracruz takes over the port city of Veracruz in late June. (Victoria Razo/Cuartoscuro)

Carnaval de Veracruz

From June 29 to July 5, the Gulf coast city of Veracruz will host its traditional carnival with arts, performances, floating cars and a wide range of spectacles.  

The festival begins with the “burning of the bad mood,” where a figure representing negative aspects of the state is set ablaze.

The carnival is the state’s most important annual event and is free to attend.

La Guelaguetza

Moving south to one of Mexico’s most iconic cultural states brings us to the Guelaguetza, Oaxaca’s biggest cultural event, which will take place throughout the month of July.

The Guelaguetza dates to pre-Columbian times, and the celebrations include craft exhibitions, dance performances, invitations and food fairs.

52nd Festival Internacional Cervantino

Guanajuato’s International Cervantino Festival is Latin America’s biggest cultural festival and will take place from Oct. 11 to 27.

The festival is known for featuring various performing and visual artists, and events in the visual arts, cinema, and literature.

One of the most popular features of the festival is walking through the winding alleys of the colonial city of Guanajuato to reach the different venues.

The Morelia Film Festival, which takes place in the picturesque Michoacán capital around Day of the Dead, celebrates the best of Mexican and world cinema. (Morelia Film Festival)

Festival Internacional de Cine de Morelia 

The historic city of Morelia, Michoacán, is set to host its annual film festival from Oct. 18 to 27 next year. The festival will feature both national and international talent. Programming will be divided into four competitive sections, including short film, documentary, Mexican feature film and Michoacán cinema.

International Hot Air Balloon Festival 

From Nov. 15 to 18, the International Balloon Festival (FIG), one of the world’s three largest ballooning events, is held in the city of León, Guanajuato. 

In 2024, the festival will include sunrise takeoffs, the Zeppelin Show, a gastronomic pavilion, and the so-called “magic nights,” in which the balloons will light up to music.

The International Balloon Festival held in León is one of the world’s largest ballooning events. (vivefig.mx)

Guadalajara International Book Fair 

The Guadalajara International Book Fair (FIL) will invite Spain as the guest of honor next year. It is the most important literary event in the Spanish-speaking world and registered over 800,000 visitors this year. 

It runs from Nov. 30 to Dec. 6, and includes author talks, children’s activities, book sales and more.

With reports from La Lista, Time Out and Milenio

14 townspeople kidnapped after deadly clash between farmers and cartel in Texcaltitlán

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State police, army and National Guard troops stand guard in Texcapilla, three days after the violent clash of Dec. 8.
State police, army and National Guard troops stand guard in Texcapilla, three days after the violent clash of Dec. 8. (Crisanta Espinosa Aguilar/Cuartoscuro.com)

Fourteen people remain missing after they were kidnapped in the wake of a deadly confrontation in México state earlier this month, according to the local Attorney General’s Office.

A clash on Dec. 8 between farmers and alleged members of the La Familia Michoacana criminal organization in the municipality of Texcaltitlán left 14 people dead and seven others injured.

Texcaltitlán
On Dec. 8 clash, a group of México state farmers clashed with suspected cartel members, leaving 14 people dead. (Screen Capture/Cuartoscuro)

Ten of those killed were presumed cartel members, while the other four were local residents. The bodies of the alleged criminals were set on fire.

The confrontation reportedly occurred after members of La Familia Michoacana — a notoriously violent cartel — attempted to raise the payments they were demanding from farmers and business owners in exchange for allowing them to operate unimpeded.

México state Attorney General José Luis Cervantes told a press conference on Wednesday that none of the farmers involved in the clash would face charges as it was determined they acted in “legitimate self-defense.”

On the day of the clash, which occurred on a soccer field in Texcapilla, a small community in Texcaltitlán, the local residents came under attack first and consequently retaliated with their own gunfire, he said. The attorney general also said that residents and their families had faced constant threats from extortioners.

Delfina Gómez speaks at a podium while other officials listen
Delfina Gómez, governor of México state, announced a plan on Wednesday to boost security and “strengthen the social fabric” of the state after the recent violence in Texcaltitlán. (Delfina Gómez/X)

Cervantes said that authorities are searching for 14 people who were abducted shortly after the confrontation. It appears that the abductions were retaliation for the deaths of the cartel members in the clash, although authorities didn’t confirm that was the case.

Nine members of the same family, including four children aged between 18 months and 14, were kidnapped at a cartel roadblock, while two people were abducted by armed men from the Coatepec General Hospital, where they were receiving treatment for injuries they sustained in the Dec. 8 clash.

Three men including a Texcaltitlán municipal policeman were also abducted at a cartel roadblock.

Cervantes noted that the missing are two girls, two boys, three women and seven men. He said that no ransom requests had been received, and noted that authorities have conducted searches in Texcaltitlán and several other municipalities in the area.

The México state Attorney General’s Office is offering a reward of up to 500,000 pesos (about US $29,500) for information that leads to the location of those missing.

Cervantes called on citizens to provide any information that could help authorities locate the missing persons.

According to an Associated Press report, Texcaltitlán residents said that the Familia Michoacana was demanding they hand over the leaders of the Dec. 8 uprising, in exchange for releasing the kidnapped children and adults.

Yellow caution tape in front of a burned area of ground
After the Dec. 8 confrontation, a mob set the bodies of 10 alleged cartel members on fire. (Crisanta Espinosa Aguilar/Cuartoscuro)

Security Minister Andrés Andrade Téllez told the press conference on Wednesday that eight alleged members of the La Familia Michoacana cartel had been arrested since the Dec. 8 clash. Weapons, vehicles and other assets were seized from those detained, he said.

Andrade said that state police and federal security forces are maintaining a presence in Texcaltitlán to prevent extortion, a common crime in many parts of Mexico.

Governor Delfina Gómez said that a number of government ministries would contribute to a plan to improve security and “strengthen the social fabric” in Texcaltitlán and other parts of southern México state.

La Familia Michoacana has a strong presence in México state and the neighboring states of Michoacán and Guerrero.

One of the organization’s leaders, Rigoberto de la Sancha Santillán, was killed in the Dec. 8 clash.

De la Sancha, who was known as “El Payaso” (The Clown), allegedly participated in a 2021 ambush that killed 13 police officers in Coatepec Harinas, a México state municipality that borders Texcaltitlán.

He was the target of a 2022 police operation during which at least 10 presumed Familia Michoacana members were killed in Texcaltitlán.

With reports from Sin Embargo, El Universal, La Jornada and AP