Tuesday, June 24, 2025

US Ambassador Salazar acknowledges scale of illegal arms trafficking to Mexico

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Salazar CDMX guns
The U.S. Ambassador to Mexico, Ken Salazar, has acknowledged that 70% of the firearms used to commit violent crimes in Mexico are smuggled from the United States. (Graciela López/Cuartoscuro)

The United States ambassador to Mexico accepted on Monday that 70% of firearms used in violent crimes in Mexico come from the U.S., an acknowledgement that President López Obrador described as “extremely important.”

“Arms trafficking is a big problem in the United States. We acknowledge that 70% of the weapons that arrive in Mexico, that cause violence here in Mexico, arrive from the United States,” Ambassador Ken Salazar said at an event in Mexico City focused on the fight against gunrunning.

Salazar CDMX guns
The ambassador’s remarks came at an event on weapons trafficking held in Mexico City. (Graciela López/Cuartoscuro)

The Foreign Affairs Ministry said in 2019 that firearms from the United States are used in seven out of every 10 high-impact crimes committed in Mexico, explaining in a briefing note that the U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) had confirmed that most guns seized by Mexican authorities come from north of the border.

“Between fiscal years 2012 and 2017, Mexican authorities seized and sent to the ATF for verification a total of 98,654 weapons, of which 69,140 – in other words 70% – were traced to an origin (manufacture or legal importation) in the United States,” the note said.

Even though the 70% figure comes from the U.S. government, López Obrador on Tuesday praised Salazar for his public acknowledgement of it.

“What Ken Salazar acknowledged yesterday is extremely important. We’ve said it [and] we can prove it that at least 70% of weapons brought into Mexico are of U.S. origin because there’s no control over weapons. But for [Salazar] to say it is an act of sincerity and desire for this to be dealt with,” he said.

The smuggling of guns such as these, seized in Nogales, Arizona, is common.(CBP Nogales/X)

“This wasn’t spoken about before,” López Obrador added before going on to criticize the Mérida Initiative security pact between Mexico and the United States – declared “dead” by ex-foreign minister Marcelo Ebrard in 2021 – and the 2009-2011 “fast and furious” gun-running scheme, in which the U.S. government allowed people to buy guns illegally in the U.S. and smuggle them into Mexico so that the weapons could be tracked and law enforcement officials could locate and arrest crime bosses.

The scheme occurred when a “narco-government” was in power in Mexico, López Obrador said, referring to the administration led by former president Felipe Calderón.

“The worst thing is they used [the guns] to murder Mexican and foreign people, with a flagrant violation of the sovereignty of our country. But that’s the way it was,” he said.

“… Now it’s different and this attitude of the ambassador speaks well of there being joint work [to combat arms trafficking],” López Obrador said.

Salazar said Monday that the United States is going to do all it can to prevent the southward flow of firearms.

“That requires investment … to have a more secure border with modern equipment, with technology so that we can detect these weapons before they cross the border,” he said.

“Investigations have to be carried out, [we need] prosecutions of the criminals that use these weapons, of the [criminal] organizations that operate on that side of the border in the United States and here in Mexico,” Salazar said.

“… It’s not just a problem of the United States or of Mexico. It’s a problem we have to work on together,” the ambassador said.

Criminal groups, such as the Jalisco New Generation Cartel, have stockpiled significant firepower. (Cuartoscuro)

Combating arms trafficking was a key focus of high-level bilateral security talks held in Mexico City in October.

Security Minister Rosa Icela Rodríguez told a press conference at the conclusion of the meeting that Mexico reiterated its request to the United States to “halt the illicit entry of high-powered firearms” to Mexico, while U.S. Attorney General Merrick Garland said that the U.S. would “do everything in our power to stop the unlawful trafficking of weapons to the drug traffickers as part of our fight to break up every link of the chain of the drug traffickers.”

As things stand, criminal groups in Mexico don’t appear to have much trouble getting and holding onto illegal firearms.

The Mexican government estimates that hundreds of thousands of guns enter Mexico illegally every year, while data from the Federal Attorney General’s Office obtained by the El Economista newspaper in August showed that the number of firearms estimated to have been brought into Mexico illegally since 2012 is more than 20 times higher than the number of guns seized by authorities in the same period.

While that data underscores the challenge Mexican authorities face, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs’ coordinator for North American political affairs said Monday that gun seizures have increased significantly during the current term of government.

“So far in this administration 47,481 firearms have been confiscated, 65% more than in the previous administration,” Cristina Planter told the Mexico City anti-arms smuggling event.

In addition to calling on the United States to do more to stop weapons entering Mexico, the federal government sued U.S. gunmakers in 2021, accusing them of negligent business practices that have led to illegal arms trafficking and deaths in Mexico.

Mexico’s case — championed by former foreign affairs minister Ebrard until he left that position in June — was dismissed by the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts in September 2022, but the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (SRE) filed an appeal in March. A ruling on the appeal has not yet been made.

With reports from Expansión, Infobae, El Universal and La Jornada 

Over 17 million tourists have flown into Mexico this year

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Busy Cancun airport
Cancún International Airport was Mexico's busiest for international tourism for the first ten months of this year. (Elizabeth Ruíz/Cuartoscuro)

Mexico’s airports welcomed more than 17 million international visitors in the first 10 months of this year, and numbers look set to keep growing.

Between January and October 2023, 17.66 million foreign tourists flew into Mexico, according to the Tourism Ministry (Sectur). The figure is 6.2% higher than in the same period of 2022, and 13.8% higher than in the same period of 2019 – the latest sign that Mexico’s tourism industry continues to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic.

Terminal 1 of Mexico City Airport (AICM)
Recent years have seen a spate of airport-building and renovation of existing airports, such as Mexico City International Airport. (X / AICM)

Visitors from the United States made up most air arrivals, totaling 11.21 million in the first ten months of the year – 27.9% more than in the same period of 2019. Canadians came in a distant second place, with 1.84 million visitors – up 51.6% from 2019. In third place were Colombians, with 604,468 tourists – up 23.9% from 2019.

Between them, these three nationalities made up 76% of all international tourists arriving in Mexico by air.

The busiest airports for international tourism were Cancún International Airport (CUN), with 8.16 million arrivals; Mexico City International Airport (AICM), with 3.5 million arrivals; and Los Cabos International Airport (SJD) in Baja California Sur, with 1.88 million arrivals. All showed significant growth from the previous year.

Sectur published figures in November showing that Mexico received US $22.91 billion of international tourism income between January and September. This is up 11.8% from the same period of 2022, and 23.3% from the same period of 2019.

The Tourism Ministry also highlighted the economic spillover that tourism generates in local communities, “thus fulfilling the mandate of President Andrés Manuel López Obrador to make tourism a tool for social reconciliation.”

López Obrador has championed several initiatives aimed at using tourism to boost development in Mexico – notably the Maya Train and the new Tulum International Airport. However, these projects have been far from uncontroversial, with many activists criticizing their impact on the local environment and population.

Nevertheless, tourism remains vital to Mexico’s economy, representing more than 8% of the country’s GDP. And several developments mean that air arrivals are likely to grow further in 2024.

Most significantly, the restoration of Mexico’s Category 1 aviation safety rating has prompted several national airlines to open new international routes. Aeroméxico has recently announced 17 new flights to the U.S., VivaAerobus has announced 11 and the government expects the total to reach more than 50 in the near term.

With reports from La Jornada and Infobae

Michoacán governor announces European investments in the state

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Alfredo Ramírez Bedolla
Michoacán Governor Alfredo Ramírez Bedolla has announced new investment projects from several European companies. (Juan José Estrada Serafin/Cuartoscuto)

A flurry of European businesses have committed to future investments in Michoacán Governor Alfredo Ramírez Bedolla announced at a press conference following his trade tour to Germany, Austria and the Netherlands.

Ramírez spent the last week of November meeting with European business leaders to discuss opportunities to take advantage of Mexico’s nearshoring boom.

Lazaro Cardenas port
Michoacán’s major Lazaro Cardenas port complex makes it an attractive investment destination for businesses looking to do business in both North America and Asia. (Asipona)

One of the most important agreements was a 2.42 billion peso (US $139 million) contract with Dutch company APM Terminals to expand the Lázaro Cárdenas port terminal. The work is due to be carried out by May next year.

Other key deals include a commitment by the Austrian company Agrana Fruit to develop a fruit processing factory in Jacona, and a coordination agreement with Austria’s Andritz Group to modernize the Francisco J. Múgica dam.

“Synergy on green energies was also achieved with Siemens Energy, and the possibility of installing a hydrogen generating plant in Lázaro Cárdenas to serve the industrial, transportation and automotive sectors was evaluated,” Ramírez said.

The Michoacán government also committed to investing 3.2 billion pesos (US $184 million) in manufacturing metal structures for the planned Uruapan cable bus, which is being manufactured at a plant in Austria.

Michoacán also enjoys a direct rail link with the United States and Canada. (Daniel Augusto/Cuartoscuro)

Other possibilities Ramírez discussed on his tour included opening a liaison office in Germany to facilitate administrative procedures for European companies seeking to establish operations in Michoacán.

Ramírez highlighted that around 70% of the nearshoring investments in Michoacán during the first two years of his administration were of European origin, a total of 49.1 billion pesos (US $2.8 billion) since October 2021.

“Not only are companies in Asia going to come; there are also European companies that want to come or that want to expand their operations in Mexico to integrate into the North American market,” said Michoacán Economic Development Minister, Claudio Méndez Fernández.

Méndez added that the state is attractive to European businesses because it has strong connectivity not only to North America – via a 32,000-kilometer railway network that links the state directly to the U.S. and Canada – but also to Asian markets, via the Pacific port of Lázaro Cárdenas. This access is set to become even smoother, with the expansion to four lanes of the Siglo XXI highway that links the port to Michoacán’s state capital.  

With reports from Milenio and El Economista

3 Mexican recipes (and secret tips) from my 99-year-old abuelita

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A photo of plated enchiladas
MND writer Gabriela Solís abuela's enchiladas (and frijoles refritos, and chilaquiles) were a hit with readers earlier this month. (Unsplash)

My grandmother on my mother’s side will turn 100 years old in December and is the best cook I know. She married at 18, had 10 children, and spent over half her life cooking for her family, only stopping at age 93. 

As the family grew and her children got married, my abuelita always had food ready on the stove in case one of my aunts, uncles or cousins stopped by to have lunch. That was the case with my sisters and I, who had lunch at her house at least twice a week while we were young. 

Abu Ene (short for Abuelita) with one of her great-granddaughters in 2019. (Courtesy of Gabriela Solis)

Having grown up very close to my grandmother’s cooking, I asked her to teach me how to cook her best Mexican recipes before I got married. Today, I prepare these recipes almost every week. 

Frijoles refritos 

I’m probably one of very few Mexicans who are not fans of beans. Growing up, I would never eat them – I hated the flavor, the texture and specifically, the smell.  

But as I grew up and realized how weird it was that I didn’t like beans, I ventured to try my grandma’s recipe because everybody praised them. Even my dad would say that no one, not even my mom, could cook frijoles like my grandma. 

I finally tried her frijoles refritos as a teenager, and while I didn’t fall in love with frijoles themselves, this is the only bean recipe that I fancy to eat at home.  

Ingredients:

  • 1 cup of pre-cooked Mexican beans (bayos)
  • ½ chile guajillo without seeds
  • ½ piece of chile de árbol without seeds
  • 50 g of Mexican chorizo (it doesn’t taste the same if you cook the frijoles with Spanish chorizo, but if that’s all you’ve got, go ahead)
  • 1/3 cup of bean stock (the water where you cooked the beans)
  • 1 Tbsp of vegetable or olive oil
  • Salt to season

Don’t be afraid to play around with the quantities depending on how spicy and liquefied you like the beans.

Procedure:

In a hot pan, pour the oil and stir fry the chiles with the chorizo until brown. 

Blend the pre-cooked beans with the chiles, chorizo and bean stock using a blender or food processor. Pour the blended beans back into the same pan where you stir fried the chiles and add salt to taste. Stir with a wooden spoon and heat until the beans begin to bubble.

If the consistency of the beans is too thick, you can add more bean stock.

Serve hot and sprinkle cotija, adobera or cheddar cheese on top. Enjoy as a side dish for carne asada, scrambled or sunny side up eggs, on tostadas, on molletes…and beyond. 

Abuelita’s tip:

*If you live abroad like me and can’t find Mexican beans, use canned frijoles refritos and mix them with the browned chilis and chorizo for added flavor. 

Enchiladas

Enchiladas are my favorite Mexican dish. I could eat enchiladas every day if too much fried tortillas didn’t tip the scale! 

This recipe is so tasty that, save for a few restaurants I know that make great enchiladas, I rarely order enchiladas at a Mexican restaurant because I know I have the best recipe at home.

Ingredients:

  • ¼ cup of water to boil
  • ¼ cup of water to mix 
  • 2 chiles guajillo without seeds 
  • ½ chile de árbol without seeds
  • ½ clove of garlic, minced 
  • 1 tsp. of white vinegar 
  • Tortillas
  • Vegetable oil or olive oil

 Enchilada fillings:

  • Shredded chicken 
  • Mashed potatoes mixed with salt

 To garnish:

  • Lettuce
  • Shredded cheese (if you’re in Jalisco, have your enchiladas with adobera cheese. Otherwise, use cotija or cheddar cheese)
  • Sliced radish
  • Fresh crema

Procedure:

In a small saucepan, place water to boil on high. Once it starts boiling, add in the chiles and lower the flame to medium heat. Boil for two minutes and transfer to a blender with the other ¼ cup of water.   

Add the garlic, vinegar and salt to the blender and mix until you get a smooth consistency. Place the chile mix on a plate and reserve. 

Pour the oil into a hot pan, making sure it covers the whole surface. Keep the heat on low to medium. Meanwhile, dip your tortillas in the chile mix and fry them one by one in the pan. Leave for a few seconds before flipping each tortilla. After a few seconds, remove and place your chile-flavored tortillas on a plate. 

Add the filling of your choice to each tortilla and fold it over twice. Repeat until you have at least three enchiladas and serve hot on the same plate.

Garnish with cheese, thinly sliced lettuce, fresh cream, and a few slices of radish.

Abuelita’s tip:

*You can add one raw egg to the chile mix if you want to add in more protein. It also helps the sauce and oil not to “jump” when you place the tortilla in the hot oil. 

*Be generous with the oil. It must cover the whole pan and the tortilla must float, otherwise the tortilla will stick to the pan. 

Chilaquiles

If you want to impress your friends and family with a delicious breakfast, nothing is more authentic than this flavorful chilaquiles recipe. Enjoy it with fresh orange juice and sliced bread or bolillo, and you’re in for a true Mexican feast!

Ingredients:

  • Totopos or tortilla chips
  • 8 plum tomatoes 
  • 1 Tbsp of tomato paste 
  • 1 small clove of garlic, minced
  • 4 guajillo chiles without seeds 
  • 1 chile de árbol without seeds 
  • 1/3 of an onion, chopped
  • 1 cup of water
  • 1 Tbsp of vegetable or olive oil
  • 1 tsp of oregano
  • Salt to season

To garnish:

  • Fresh crema
  • Shredded cheddar, adobera or cotija cheese
  • Diced onion 

Procedure:

In a saucepan, place the tomatoes and the chiles and cover with water. Cook until the skin on the tomatoes begins to break. 

Drain the water from the saucepan and place the tomatoes and chiles in a blender along with the onion, garlic and water. Strain the mix and reserve. 

In a hot saucepan over low heat, heat the oil and add the tomato paste. Toastry for a minute and add the tomato sauce. Add salt and oregano to taste and boil over low to medium heat for 10 minutes or until the sauce thickens slightly. 

To serve, place the totopos on a plate and pour the sauce evenly on top. Garnish with fresh crema, finely diced onion and shredded cheese. 

¡Buen provecho! I hope you enjoy these recipes with your family and loved ones!

By Mexico News Daily writer Gabriela Solís

Foreign Affairs Minister Bárcena visits China to purchase supplies for Acapulco

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Alicia Bárcena in China
Mexico's Foreign Affairs Minister Alicia Bárcena met with Chinese Foreign Affairs Minister Wang Yi on Tuesday. (SRE/X)

Foreign Affairs Minister Alicia Bárcena met with top officials in China on Monday and Tuesday during a trip to the east Asian nation to purchase household appliances and other goods for the victims of Hurricane Otis in Guerrero.

Bárcena held talks with Chinese Foreign Affairs Minister Wang Yi in Beijing on Tuesday and  Commerce Minister Wang Wentao on Monday.

Alicia Bárcena with Wang Wentao
Bárcena met with Commerce Minister Wang Wentao (center) on Monday. (SRE/X)

Mexico’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs (SRE) said in a statement that Bárcena in her Tuesday meeting thanked China for its support in the wake of Hurricane Otis, which devastated Acapulco and nearby areas on Oct. 25, and for enabling “the immediate purchase of electrical appliances for affected families.”

The SRE said in a separate statement on Sunday that the foreign minister was leading a delegation to China and South Korea that was seeking to purchase “household goods, appliances and basic necessities for the victims of Hurricane Otis in Guerrero.”

President López Obrador said last week that Mexico was looking to buy some 200,000 appliances in China. The government intends to distribute appliances such as stoves and fridges free of charge to hurricane victims.

According to the SRE, Wang Yi on Tuesday “ratified the instruction given by President Xi Jinping to support Mexico on this issue.”

Acapulco residents receive household appliances
Acapulco residents wait in line for hours to receive household items, which the government is distributing to those affected by Hurricane Otis. (CARLOS ALBERTO CARBAJAL/CUARTOSCURO.COM)

At a meeting with López Obrador in San Francisco last month, Xi, according to Chinese state news agency Xinhua, conveyed his condolences “for the recent hurricane disaster on the Pacific coast of Mexico and said that China will provide substantial assistance to Mexico in the procurement of materials in response to the disaster.”

At their meeting on Tuesday, Bárcena and Wang Yi agreed that the presidents “strengthened bilateral ties, reaffirmed the friendship between Mexico and China and achieved important agreements” at their meeting on the sidelines of the APEC conference in San Francisco.

In his talks with Xi, López Obrador “mentioned the challenges shared by both countries, and the need to exchange information and lessons learned in the fight against the illicit trafficking of precursor chemicals” used to manufacture fentanyl, according to the Mexican government.

Earlier this year, the Chinese government denied that fentanyl and precursor chemicals used to make the synthetic opioid are shipped to Mexico from China, but has now accepted that they are.

AMLO meets with Xi Jinping
President López Obrador met with President Xi Jinping for the first time in November in San Francisco. (Andrés Manuel López Obrador/X)

In Beijing on Tuesday, Bárcena and her Chinese counterpart “agreed on the importance of the visit to China in October of a Mexican delegation that led to the establishment of a Mexico-China working group … to combat the trafficking of chemical precursors that can be used for the manufacture of synthetic drugs and fentanyl.”

The two countries are collaborating to monitor the movement of precursor chemicals and exchanging information to assist each other in the fight against fentanyl.

Among other remarks at her meeting with Wang Yi, Bárcena “emphasized the importance of strengthening the CELAC-China forum,” through which Latin American and Caribbean nations engage with the Asian superpower, and “reiterated Mexico’s adherence to the One China principle.”

Wang Yi, according to Xinhua, told Bárcena that “China is willing to view and develop relations with Mexico from a strategic and long-term perspective.”

He also said that “China stands ready to work with Mexico to uphold mutual respect and equal treatment, and bring bilateral relations to a new level.”

China is Mexico’s second largest trading partner after the United States, and the two countries entered into a “comprehensive strategic partnership” a decade ago.

Alicia Bárcena in meetings with Chinese officials
Mexican and Chinese officials both stated they are committed to a “deepening” of the Mexico-China relationship. (SRE/X)

But Mexican and Chinese officials are currently emphasizing that they are seeking to further strengthen bilateral ties. Bárcena and Wang Yi on Tuesday, and Bárcena and Wang Wentao on Monday, committed to “deepening” the Mexico-China relationship, according to the SRE and the Chinese government.

Wang Wentao told the Mexican foreign minister that China is willing to work with Mexico “to promote the high quality development of bilateral economic and trade relations,” while President Xi last month called on China and Mexico to increase cooperation in sectors including electric vehicles and finance.

Chinese investment in Mexico is growing, but China wasn’t among the top 10 investors in the country in the first nine months of 2023, according to the Economy Ministry.

However, based on investment announcements made by Chinese companies between January and November, China is currently the second largest foreign investor in Mexico behind the United States, reported Integralia, a Mexico City-based consultancy that tracks foreign investment in Mexico.

Bárcena, in her meeting with Wang Wentao, welcomed Chinese investment in Mexico.

The foreign minister, who was accompanied by Mexico’s Ambassador to China Jesús Seade and other officials, also thanked the commerce minister for his assistance in the aftermath of Otis, the most powerful hurricane to have ever made landfall on Mexico’s Pacific coast.

Bárcena also met on Monday with Cong Liang, vice chairman of the National Development and Reform Commission, with whom she spoke about “issues of common interest,” according to the SRE.

The foreign minister will next head to South Korea, Mexico’s third largest trading partner in 2022. There she will meet with senior officials, including the Minister of Foreign Affairs and representatives of the business community and the Mexican community, the SRE said.

Bárcena’s trip to Asia “reaffirms the importance Mexico attaches to its relationship with both China and the Republic of Korea,” the ministry said.

With reports from EFE, Xinhua and AP

10 best art and history exhibits to see in Mexico City in December

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Close out the year with this tour of Mexico City's top art and culture exhibits.(Aberu.Go / Shutterstock)

Mexico City has been named the world’s best city for culture by Time Out magazine this year, which highlighted the city’s impressive array of museums.

Now is the time to explore the city’s art and culture scene with this selection of exhibitions running through December.

Everyone Gets Lighter
Everything Gets Lighter is an exhibition curated from the Museo Jumex collection in celebration of its 10th anniversary. (Fundación Jumex)

Everything Gets Lighter

Curated by the director of New York’s New Museum, Lisa Phillips, the exhibition celebrates the museum’s 10th anniversary and features artwork by 67 international artists exploring current events and focusing on the healing power of light and lightness. 

  • When: Open now until Feb. 11, 2024
  • Where: Museo Jumex
  • Free of charge
Sergio Hernández
Sergio Hernández combines traditional imagery with Spanish codices to create an unsettling depiction of his dreams. (Sergio Hernández/San Ildefonso)

Los Salvajes

An exhibition by Mexican artist Sergio Hernández that depicts his vision of the European savage. Works  combine ancient omens that predicted the arrival of strangers to Teotihuacán, codices from the Spanish Conquest, and pre-Columbian themes to portray delusions, dreams, and nightmares. 

  • When: Open now until Jan. 28, 2024
  • Where: Colegio de San Ildefonso 
  • General Admission: 50 pesos 

Images of Original Peoples

Featuring over 40 pieces, this exhibition  showcases the richness of Mexico’s Indigenous communities through portraits, sculptures, and drawings covering social and political themes. 

  • When: Open now through Feb. 3, 2024 
  • Where: Inbal Museum
  • Free of charge

Perpetual Movement: Nahui Ollin 

“Perpetual Movement”  celebrates the 130th birth anniversary of Carmen Mondragón (also known as Nahui Ollin), a Mexican painter and poet. It features selected photography and documentary works that showcase Mondragón’s vision during her family’s exile in France and the death of her only son, Manuel. 

  • When: Open now until Jan. 7, 2024
  • Where: Museo Casa Estudio Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo
  • General Admission: 45 pesos 

Mexichrome: Photography and color in Mexico

RIng in the new year with some of Mexico City’s best art with our eclectic selection of cultural exhibitions. (Galería OMR/Rubén Ortiz Torres)

Through more than 180 photographs by Mexican and international artists, sourced from diverse archives and private collections around the world, this exhibition explores the events that happened in Mexico after the introduction of color film.

  • When: Open now until March 3, 2024
  • Where: Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes 
  • General admission: 85 pesos

Pop, Politics, Punk 

A collection of 150 varied artworks, the exhibition revisits the Museo de Arte Moderno’s collection through the lenses of pop, politics and punk, converging in their critique of modernity’s utopian ideals in the 20th century.

  • When: Open now until Jan. 14
  • Where: Museo de Arte Moderno 
  • General admission: 85 pesos

Sound mind, sound body: In search of health

This exhibition explores the evolution of medicine, hygiene, and education, highlighting technological advancements that have improved our quality of life. It also reflects on daily practices and taboos that exist around health. 

  • When: Open now until Feb. 25 
  • Where: Museo del Objeto del Objeto
  • General admission: 65 pesos

Francisco Castro Leñero. The logic of beauty

Painting by Francisco Castro Leñero
Punto y línea by Francisco Castro Leñero [detail]. (Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes)
The exhibition is a tribute to one of the most prominent abstract artists in Mexico, on the first anniversary of his death. It showcases a diverse collection of acrylic paintings, engravings, drawings, and three-dimensional objects, spanning five decades of Castro’s work.

  • When: Open now until Jan. 14, 2024
  • Where: Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes
  • General admission: 85 pesos

The Carvajal Manuscript

The manuscript is one of the earliest stories about New Spain, written by colonial governor Luis Carvajal. The manuscript inspired muralist Diego Rivera to paint his famous mural “Dream of a Sunday Afternoon.”

  • When: From now until Jan. 28, 2024
  • Where:  Museo Mural Diego Rivera
  • General admission: 45 pesos

Beyond Tutankhamun, The Immersive Experience

This National Geographic-produced virtual reality exhibition reconstructs the tomb and treasures of ancient Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun, in commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the tomb’s discovery.

  • When: Dec. 15 to May 16
  • Where: Monumento a las Madres
  • General Admission: 470 pesos 

Mexico News Daily

Pro take: How have women risen to the top of Mexican politics?

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Women politicians on International Women's Day
Women governors and members of President López Obrador's cabinet are seen here celebrating International Women's Day in March. Not only are two women in the lead for the presidency, gender quotas have brought women into all levels of Mexican politics. (ANDREA MURCIA/ CUARTOSCURO.COM)

You might have been surprised when the news broke that Mexico — a country historically known for chauvinism — is on the path to elect a woman as president in 2024.

But Xóchitl Gálvez and Claudia Sheinbaum are not aberrations in the country’s political landscape. Mexico’s Congress achieved gender parity in 2018, meaning half of Mexico’s senators and federal deputies are women. Women govern in 10 Mexican states, and President López Obrador’s cabinet is also 50-50 women and men, with women in some of the most prominent positions: Interior Minister, Foreign Affairs Minister and Security Minister.

In January, the Supreme Court elected its first female chief justice, Norma Piña. Ruling party Morena is again putting forward a woman, Clara Brugada, to run for Mexico City mayor (Sheinbaum was the city’s first female mayor, elected in 2018) in compliance with gender quotas that require parties choose five women as candidates in the nine gubernatorial races of 2024.

And yet, Mexican women didn’t gain the right to vote nationwide until 1953, three decades after women’s suffrage was achieved in the United States. How did this political transformation happen?

Xóchitl and Claudia were chosen by their respective parties as the most competitive candidates from a pool of mostly men. Their nominations were not the result of gender quotas, but it’s safe to say that the use of these quotas — most consistently since the electoral reform of 2014 – is responsible for bringing more women than ever into Mexican politics. 

The numbers are startling. In 2009, 93.7% of Mexico’s governors were men, as were 72.4% of federal deputies and 80.5% of senators. At that point, only six women had ever been governor of a state. Yucatán state’s legislature had the highest number of women lawmakers in 2009, at 40%, and the lowest was Chiapas, with a mere 4.2%. In contrast, in 2022, for the first time, there were more women than men in state legislatures (566 women, 496 men and 1 non-binary person).

This acceleration hasn’t been smooth, with political parties at times resisting the push towards gender parity by exploiting legal loopholes.

One of the best-known cases of this occurred in 2009 when eight female federal deputies resigned and were replaced by their designated substitutes – all of whom happened to be men. In a number of cases, they were men related to the women who had been elected. The group of women legislators were dubbed “Las Juanitas” in the press, in reference to another 2009 election, when a man named Rafael “Juanito” Acosta agreed to resign upon election as mayor of Iztapalapa to make way for his substitute, Clara Brugada. The case of “Las Juanitas” led to modifications in electoral regulation – parties thereafter had to choose substitutes of the same gender as the candidates they put forward.

Another scandal happened much more recently: In 2021, a party called Fuerza por México (which has since dissolved) declared 18 male candidates for various municipal offices in the state of Tlaxcala were actually trans women in order to comply with gender parity law. The maneuver caused such confusion they almost got away with it. However, after word got out about the deception, the state electoral board revoked the candidacies of the men who had switched genders.

There are 19 states in Mexico that have gender identity laws on the books, which allows for individuals to officially change their gender at a civil registry. In the rest of the country, this change is a slower, more arduous legal process. Legal analysts and feminist activists have pointed out concerns similar to those in other countries debating how to avoid the abuse of gender self-ID to either “avoid financial, civil or judicial obligations” — or in this case, to get elected. 

“It is essential to rethink these identity laws,” said feminist activist Arussi Unda in the immediate aftermath of the Tlaxcala case, quoted in El País newspaper. “Because they end up not benefiting women or the LGBTI community, since they are easily manipulated.” 

So if we look beyond the sphere of politics, how do Mexican women fare in comparison to men?

Mexico ranked 25th on the 2020 World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Report of 153 countries, which includes metrics beyond political representation, including women’s economic empowerment, educational attainment and health outcomes. The United States ranked in 53rd place in the same report, held back mostly by the relative lack of women in U.S. politics. Canada ranked 19th, but both the northern countries scored lower than Mexico on political empowerment, while Mexico scored below both on economic equality.  

While women’s labor participation in Mexico has reached historic levels (46.4% in Q3 this year), according to a recent report by think tank IMCO, the gap in women’s leadership roles in the Mexican business world is wide. Women hold only 13% of leadership positions in the 184 companies surveyed and a mere 4% have a female chief executive.

At this rate, IMCO calculated that the gender gap in Mexican businesses will not be closed until 2052. Women in the U.S., by comparison, have reached 31.7% of top executive positions across industries.

Will female policymakers enable (and enforce) broader opportunities for women across society? As women advance into the highest levels of political power in Mexico, we will soon find out.

Kate Bohné is chief news editor at Mexico News Daily. You can find her writing on The Mexpatriate.

Nuevo León political crisis abates, interim governor steps down

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Sam Garcia
Governor Samuel García has dropped out of the 2024 presidential race to focus on politics in his home state of Nuevo León. (Samuel García/Cuartoscuro)

Normality is beginning to return to politics in Nuevo León: the state now has just one governor after two men laid claim to the job over the weekend.

Luis Enrique Orozco, who was appointed interim governor by the state Congress in a chaotic session last week and assumed the position at 12 a.m. Saturday, announced Monday that he was resigning.

Samuel García campaigning
Samuel García took leave of his post as governor to launch a campaign for 2024, but has now abandoned his plans to seek election after political turmoil in his home state. (Samuel García/X)

That left Samuel García – who became governor of Nuevo León in 2021, but requested six months leave to contest the 2024 presidential election – as the sole occupant of the highest political office in the northern border state.

García, a representative of the Citizens Movement (MC) party, announced in the early hours of Saturday morning that he was eschewing the leave period approved by the state Congress and returning to the governorship. He confirmed later the same day that he had decided not to pursue the presidency in 2024.

The Nuevo León Congress on Monday approved Orozco’s resignation as well as the revocation of García’s leave permit and his return to the governorship.

Orozco, who has links to the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), told reporters early Monday afternoon that he was stepping down to ensure the “governability” of Nuevo León and avoid any confusion about whether the state had one governor or two.

Luis Enrique Orozco
Luis Enrique Orozco was appointed the interim governor of Nuevo León following chaos in the state Congress. He has now resigned his post. (Cuartoscuro)

The former deputy attorney general in Nuevo León was critical of the way he was informed of García’s decision to return to the governorship, saying that government secretary Javier Navarro – who advised him of the decision while he was holding a press conference early Saturday – failed to show even the slightest courtesy or respect for the position he occupied. However, he acknowledged García’s right to reassume his position.

García – whose hopes of installing Navarro as interim governor were dashed by a Friday night Supreme Court ruling upholding Orozco’s appointment – said Monday morning that he had spoken with Orozco and advised him of his decision to not take leave.

“We’re back, in fact I never left because I decided not to use the leave and by not using it I reassumed duties [as governor] first thing Saturday morning,” said the 35-year-old, who did indeed relinquish his position for a brief period to begin his campaign as the sole MC “pre-candidate” for the presidency.

García, whose official period of leave was due to start Saturday, stressed that he is the democratically-elected “constitutional governor” of Nuevo León, and, as if to add credence to that statement, told reporters he was off to a meeting with the United Kingdom’s ambassador to Mexico.

García, pictured here with his gubernatorial cabinet, returned to political duties in Nuevo León this weekend. (Samuel García/X)

“We’re turning a deaf ear to the PRI and the PAN, like a butcher to squealing pigs,” he said, referring to the two parties responsible for the appointment of Orozco.

“I don’t listen to them because I’m the constitutional governor of Nuevo León and we’re getting on with our work,” remarked García, who said Sunday that the two opposition parties sent him a letter outlining a long list of things they wanted in exchange for agreeing to allow Navarro to become interim governor.

He said Monday that he had decided to return to the governorship to ensure that the PRI and the PAN (National Action Party) didn’t embezzle any of the public funds his government has carefully looked after for the past two years.

Speaking at a public transport event in Monterrey, García rejected claims that he returned as governor to ensure that alleged corrupt activity on the part of his government isn’t uncovered.

Claudia Sheinbaum (left) and Xóchitl Gálvez (right) led García by a comfortable margin in the polls, although MC has announced its intention to replace García for the 2024 election. (MND)

The PRI and the PAN have been saying in recent days that “we’re hiding” something, but “there’s nothing to hide,” he said.

“We’re incorruptible,” García added before stressing that he couldn’t continue his quest to become president without an MC representative standing in for him as governor.

“… We always knew that … Congress wasn’t going to appoint someone from [the MC] team and we always said very clearly that we weren’t going to put Nuevo León at risk,” he said.

García – currently Mexico’s youngest governor – has not discarded his presidential ambitions, but rather put them on ice, saying Saturday that “2030 is very close” and expressing confidence that he will win the presidential election that year.

The results of a Reforma newspaper poll published Monday showed that his support among voters had increased to 14% from 12% in August, but he was still well behind leading 2024 presidential contender Claudia Sheinbaum on 46% and Xóchitl Gálvez on 25%.

Before the 2030 election comes around and García, and his influencer wife Mariana Rodríguez, have the opportunity to put their campaigning skills back into action, the governor has close to four years left to complete his term in Nuevo León.

Combating the water crisis the state endured in 2022 and attracting foreign investment have been among his priorities since he took office in October 2021.

While García has pulled out of the upcoming presidential contest, MC is still planning to field a candidate for the June 2, 2024 election. The party is expected to name that person in January.

Reports from Reforma, Milenio and El Universal 

Bodies of 5 young men found in an abandoned car in Celaya

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The young men studied at Celaya's Universidad Latina de México. (Diego Sinhue Rodríguez/X)

Five young men were found dead on Sunday inside a vehicle abandoned on a dirt road near the Celaya-Salvatierra campus of the University of Guanajuato.

The Milenio newspaper reported Monday that the deceased were students at the Universidad Latina de México, which is located in Celaya.

The victims were medical students in Celaya. (NewsSanMiguel/X)

Residents of the Crespo neighborhood in Celaya reported the presence of a vehicle containing dead bodies on Sunday evening.

National Guard officers subsequently located the men, who reportedly had gunshot wounds to their heads and other signs of violence on their bodies. The victims – aged 25 to 30, according to Milenio – were taken to a government morgue in Guanajuato city.

Citing unnamed sources, Milenio reported that the men were medical students.

The Guanajuato Attorney General’s Office (FGE) said on the X social media platform that it had begun an investigation and was seeking to identify and apprehend the culprits.

Authorities have collected evidence at the scene, which will now be analyzed by forensic teams. (Diego Sinhue Rodríguez/X)

It said that “various pieces of evidence” were collected at the location where the bodies were found and that they are being analyzed in forensic laboratories.

Guanajuato Governor Diego Sinhue Rodríguez Vallejo said he had given instructions to state security authorities to “implement an exhaustive operation with the support of federal and municipal authorities to reinforce security in the region and arrest the culprits as soon as possible.”

He also said that state government secretary Jesús Oviedo had been instructed to maintain close contact with the families of the victims and provide them with all the support they require.

Guanajuato has been Mexico’s most violent state in recent years in terms of homicides. The state recorded 2,668 murders in the first 10 months of the year, according to federal government data.

Violence in Guanajuato – where rival criminal groups are vying for control – is concentrated in a relatively small number of municipalities including Celaya.

On a per capita basis, Celaya was the 38th most violent municipality in Mexico in the 12 months to the end of October with 71.2 homicides per 100,000 people, according to the crime statistics website elcri.men.

With reports from El Universal and Milenio 

What is President López Obrador’s approval rating at the 5-year mark?

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President López Obrador, dressed in a white guayabera, shakes the hand of a supporter while others crowd around and take pictures.
President López Obrador greets supporters at the opening of the Tulum airport on Friday. (Lopezobrador.org.mx)

President López Obrador has completed his fifth year in office with an approval rating of 56%, according to the results of a recent poll.

AMLO, as the president is best known, celebrated the fifth anniversary of his presidency last Friday, and now has just 10 months left in Mexico’s top job.

The opening of the Tulum airport and the announcement that Mexico’s minimum wage will increase by 20% on Jan. 1 gave him ample cause for celebration on Friday — exactly 1,825 days after he was sworn in for his (almost) six-year term as president.

The results of El Financiero newspaper’s most recent poll, conducted over a period of five days last month, show only minimal changes in AMLO’s popularity compared to the findings of previous ones.

The 56% approval/44% disapproval breakdown is almost identical to the 56%/43% split recorded in October.

AMLO has maintained an approval rating above 50% throughout his presidency, and enjoyed support of over 60% during his first two full years in office — even as the coronavirus pandemic claimed well over 100,000 lives and crippled the economy in 2020.

AMLO in a suit in his office, presses a thermometer to his head and looks into the camera
AMLO holds a thermometer as he announces his second positive test for Covid-19, which he has had three times as president. (Presidencia)

He had an approval rating of 54% in January, before recording a 2023-high of 58% in four separate months this year, according to El Financiero poll results.

The latest poll, in which 1,000 adults across Mexico were surveyed, found slightly higher support for López Obrador among women, 57% of whom said they approved of his work as president. That was three percentage points higher than the 54% approval rating among Mexican men.

The poll also found that support for AMLO is highest among citizens aged 50 years and older, with 69% of that cohort saying they approved of the president’s performance, compared to just 41% among those aged 30 to 49. López Obrador’s approval rating among adults younger than 30 was a solid 60%.

His overall approval rating of 56% is somewhat curious as it is much higher than the positive evaluation percentages his administration obtained in three of four key areas of governance assessed by El Financiero.

An elderly woman displays her pension card and Welfare Ministry paperwork for the camera
An elderly woman displays her pension card and Welfare Ministry paperwork. The program that has expanded during López-Obrador’s administration, a possible factor in his high approval ratings among citizens over 50. (X/Bienestarmx)

Only 24% of poll respondents said that the federal government is doing a very good or good job on public security, while 35% said the same with regard to the fight against corruption and 36% viewed his economic management in a favorable light.

Homicides, it should be noted, have declined this year compared to 2022, but López Obrador’s term in government is already the most violent on record.

The Mexican economy recorded stronger-than-expected growth in the first nine months of the year, but some observers believe that GDP could be growing at a faster rate if Mexico capitalized more fully on the nearshoring opportunity.

The government’s performance in combating corruption is harder to measure objectively, but studies indicate that progress has not been as significant as López Obrador claims.

The only area in which there were more poll respondents who rated the government favorably than unfavorably was “social support,” which includes welfare payments and employments schemes such as the Sowing Life reforestation program and the Youths Building the Future apprenticeship initiative.

Just over half of those polled — 51% — said that the government is doing a very good or good job in the area, compared to 30% who said the opposite. The remainder didn’t offer an opinion one way or the other.

AMLO, standing on a hillside planted with tree saplings, shakes hands with a man in a cowboy hat and jeans
The president visits with the Sembrando Vida tree-planting program participants in Chiapas in 2019. (Presidencia)

Asked about the president’s personal attributes, 58% assessed him positively for honesty and leadership, but only 42% commended him on his ability to deliver results.

Fifty-five percent of respondents said that López Obrador has achieved a “transformation” of Mexico in his five years in office — as the president himself asserts has occurred — while 52% described his administration as a “success.”

In contrast, 37% of those polled said that the current federal government has been a “failure” and 36% described it as a “disappointment.”

Although López Obrador frequently asserts that the achievements of his government are many, he identifies poverty reduction as the “most important” one, ahead of things such as infrastructure construction and the purported elimination of corruption.

“No government was able to reduce inequality like we’re doing,” he said last week.

Data published by the National Council for the Evaluation of Social Development Policy in August showed that the number of Mexicans living in poverty declined by 8.9 million between 2020 and 2022, falling to 46.8 million in the latter year.

Claudia Sheinbaum, the frontrunner to succeed López Obrador as president, is pledging to perpetuate the “transformation” process initiated by the current government, while opposition hopeful Xóchitl Gálvez has emphasized her commitment to maintaining current social and welfare programs.

AMLO will likely hand over the presidential sash to one of those two women on Oct. 1, 2024, four months after the June 2 election. A third presidential aspirant, Nuevo León Governor Samuel García, has withdrawn from the contest amid political chaos in his home state.

With reports from El Financiero